St. Jakob (Munich)

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St. Klara Monastery near St. Jakob am Anger

St. Jakob am Anger is a Roman Catholic monastery of the poor school sisters of Our Lady in Munich . It is the oldest still existing monastery in the city. The monastery and institute church of St. Jakob am Anger , called Jakobskirche , is the only completely new church in Munich's historic old town since the Second World War.

Church of St. Jakob after the reconstruction by Friedrich Haindl

location

St. Jakob am Anger (Unterer Anger 1) visually closes off St.-Jakobs-Platz in the Angerviertel of the historic old town in the south / south-west. During the Second World War, not only the church but many other buildings around the square were destroyed. The square was not closed again until the Jewish Center was built.

The tradition was revived in 1989: it goes back to the 13th century, when the Franciscans ran a Jacob's chapel here on Jakobsplatz and looked after pilgrims. The monastery that was later connected to it still exists today and is therefore the oldest in Munich. Today the poor school sisters of Notre Dame live there, who also run a traditional girls' school here and in the adjacent Blumenstrasse.

history

The Franciscan Pater Castmus (or Castinus) was sent from Augsburg to Munich and in 1221 took possession of a chapel on the Unteren Anger, located on the former city wall , which was consecrated to the Apostle James . With its patronage, it indicates the starting point of the Munich Way of St. James and, together with the associated Franciscan monastery, served to care for and accommodate the pilgrims . Father Castmus is said to have started building the monastery straight away and raised it in a very short time. Monasteries should be laid out in such a way that everything that is necessary is included: water, mill, garden, bakery and workshops.

In the 1250s, a late Romanesque basilica with a wide rectangular three-apse choir was built, probably including the original building . The vaulting with a pointed arched cross ribbed vault was considered the oldest evidence of Gothic in Upper Bavaria. Since 1257, the indulgences granted here had a great attraction. The biggest rush was in the “Munich year of grace 1392”, when the Andechs reliquary was put up here for public veneration and up to 60,000 pilgrims are said to have visited the church every week.

Poor Clare Monastery with St. Jakob, by Michael Wening , 1700

At the request of Duke Ludwig the Strict , in 1284 the Franciscans relocated their convent to an area north of the Old Court , close to what is now the National Theater . In the same year the Poor Clares took over the Angerkloster. The Munich Franciscans continued to run the nuns' businesses. The former men's choir was converted. On November 16, 1306, the Bavarian dukes Rudolph and Ludwig granted permission to brew and sell beer beyond their own consumption. On February 14, 1327, the great fire of Munich broke out in the Pfisterei of the Angerkloster, which extended over most of the city, reduced about a third to rubble and ashes and claimed 30 lives.

In 1404 parts of the monastery church collapsed. The reconstruction took place in 1408.

Around 1600 a restoration in the Renaissance style took place, whereby the Gothic frescoes were whitewashed.

Considerations at the beginning of the 18th century to rebuild a church and monastery similar to Weltenburg failed for reasons of cost. Therefore, between 1735 and 1738, another renovation with baroque furnishings took place. At the same time as the Amalienburg and St. Michael (Berg am Laim) , the court artist Johann Baptist Zimmermann carried out the frescoes and stucco work. During this time the Bavarian Princess Maria Anna Karoline , sister of Emperor Karl VII , was a member of the monastery.

In 1804 the Poor Clares gave up their convent in the course of secularization .

After secularization, the church, which, like the monastery, was to be auctioned for demolition in 1805, was preserved after protests by the Munich population. As early as 1804, the Royal Employment Institute was set up in part of the abandoned monastery, to which the Lithographic Institute was affiliated in 1810 as an additional source of income . The demolition of the Franciscan hospice (so-called “father's house”) in 1807 made it necessary to redesign the west facade of the church. Its redesign, as well as that of the north facade, was completed by Gustav Vorherr in 1811 according to a preliminary plan by Carl von Fischer in the classicism style.

In 1843 Maria Theresia Gerhardinger , the founder of the poor school sisters of Our Lady, took over the convent building and the church on the mediation of King Ludwig I.

In December 1944, the outer walls of St. Jakob am Anger were destroyed by an air raid, including the preserved choir of the Romanesque basilica from the middle of the 13th century, the last remaining evidence of the Romanesque in the old town.

From 1955 to 1957 the church was completely rebuilt as a brick building according to plans by Friedrich Haindl . The spacious church, which has two floors, has a white interior.

Furnishing

The modern ceiling frescoes are by Bill Nagel. Josef Henselmann created the sculpture above the high altar . It shows an unusual interpretation of a crucifix: Jesus detaches himself from the cross with his upper body to perform the coronation of Mary.

Visual arts

  • Mounted sandstone sculpture of the Apostle James (Romanesque, around 1330).
  • Late Gothic sculpture of the Apostle James ( Erasmus Grasser , around 1490).
  • Bronze statue of the apostle James (in front of the church) ( Anton Rückel , 1956 )
Bronze statue of the apostle James

Burial place

Bells

There are two bronze bells in the bell cage on the north facade, but they are rarely rung.

organ

The main organ of the church was built in 1961 by the Zeilhuber company. The organ of the separate chapel on the gallery was built by the organ builder Johannes Führer (Munich). The instrument is arranged based on the North German Baroque . It has 8  stops on two manuals and a pedal . The actions are mechanical.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Pipe floit 8th'
2. Principal 4 ′
3. Octave 2 ′
II Positive C-g 3
4th Copl major 8th'
5. Salicional 8th'
6th Copl minor 4 ′
7th Sesquialtera 3 ′
Pedals C – f 1
8th. Sub-bass 16 ′

literature

  • Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history . DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 (DuMont documents: DuMont art travel guide).

Web links

Commons : St. Jakob  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ P. Castmus .. , Germania franciscana seu chronicon geographo-historicum ordinis SP Francisci in Germania .., p. 365, Vigilius Greiderer typis Joannis Thomae nobilis de Trattnern, 1781, Google eBook.
  2. ↑ .. Frater Castinus .. , Annales Minorum Seu Trium Ordinum A S. Francisco Institutorum .., Vol. 5, p. 137, Wadding, Lucas, Rom [u. a.]: Rochus Bernabo [u. a.]; 1731–1886, Austrian National Library.
  3. ↑ Beatum fratrem Castinum .. , Annales Minorum Seu Trium Ordinum A, S. Francisco Institutorum .., Vol. 4, p. 70, Wadding, Lucas, Rom [u. a.]: Rochus Bernabo [u. a.]; 1731–1886, Austrian National Library.
  4. ^ From the origin .. Closters S. Clarae .. bey S. Jacob am Anger in Munich , Der Gnaden- und Tugend-rich Anger by Barnabas Kirchhueber, 1701, Google eBook.
  5. ↑ Münchner Franziskaner - From the begging monastery to the state opera , House of Bavarian History.
  6. ↑ Beer sales approved on November 16, 1306 , Regesta sive rerum boicarum autographa ad annum usque MCCC. e regni scriniis fideliter in summas contracta juxtaque genuinam terrae stirpisque diversitatem in bavarica, alemanica et franconica synchronistice disposita curâ Caroli Henrici de Lang ..., 1836, Google eBook.
  7. ↑ privilege Praxandi Cervisiam , Monasterium S. clarae, Num. 48, St. Ottmares Day, 1306, Monumenta Boica, Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 1808, Google eBook.
  8. ↑ Information on the main organ at Organindex.de
  9. ↑ Information about the organ on the website of the builder company

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 1.2 ″  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 18.4 ″  E