Holy Spirit Church (Munich)
 Heilig-Geist-Kirche seen from the Viktualienmarkt . ⊙ |
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| Basic data | |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| place | Munich , Germany |
| diocese | Archdiocese of Munich and Freising |
| Patronage | Holy Spirit |
| Building description | |
| Architectural style | Gothic , baroque |
| Furnishing style | reconstructed baroque from the second half of the 20th century |
| Construction type | Hall church |
| Function and title | |
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| 48 ° 8 '10.2 " N , 11 ° 34' 38.3" E | |
The Catholic parish church of the Holy Spirit is one of the oldest preserved church buildings in Munich .
history
Probably in 1208, Duke Ludwig I of Kelheim founded a hospital that was located directly outside the old city wall in front of the Talburg gate . This hospital had a Romanesque chapel dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria . This chapel was probably built when the hospital was founded. It is mentioned for the first time in the letter of protection of Pope Innocent IV. Of 1250 for the hospital as "ecclesia sancti spiritus de Monacho", that is, Holy Spirit Church of Munich, probably based on the name of the hospital. Otherwise it was referred to as Katharinenkapelle until the 14th century .
After the Heilig-Geist-Spital was elevated to the third parish in Munich in 1271, this chapel became the parish church of the hospital.
The city fire of 1327 also destroyed the hospital and St. Catherine's Chapel. The result was a Gothic building in the style of a Bavarian hall church with an ambulatory choir and a 9/16 degree at the east choir. The last master builder was Gabriel Ridler, who completed the church in 1392.
In 1724/30 the Heilig-Geist-Kirche was redesigned in Baroque style by Johann Georg Ettenhofer and the Asam brothers . In the large ceiling fresco, among other things, the historical figure of the Munich pretzel rider is depicted. In addition, the tower at the choir in the east was built in 1729.
After secularization in 1806, the hospital was torn down to make room for the Viktualienmarkt . In 1885/88, the building officer Friedrich Löwel received the order to expand the church by three bays in place of the hospital building that had once been in front of the church in the west. The design of the neo-baroque west facade that was built at that time is influenced by the style of Giovanni Antonio Viscardi .
A complete renovation took place in 1907/08, during which the southern porch was added. In 1944/45 the Heilig-Geist-Kirche was destroyed by air raids down to the outer walls.
Its reconstruction began in 1946 and has not yet been completed. The high altar was consecrated in 1955. The baroque tower dome was restored in 1957/58. Since 1973 the Asam frescoes, the high altar and the entire interior have been reconstructed under the direction of Erwin Schleich .
Furnishing
The festively decorated three-aisled hall church received its rich furnishings around 1724/30. The Régence stucco was created by Egid Quirin Asam in the central nave and by Matthias Schmidtgartner in the side aisles. The aisle vaults were formerly decorated with frescos by Nikolaus Gottfried Stuber . Georg Biehl made the stucco in the extension building . In 1953/57 the baroque pulpit, badly damaged by the war, was replaced by a modern one.
High altar
The altar was built in 1728–30 based on a design by Nikolaus Gottfried Stuber from Tegernsee marble by stonemason Antonio Matteo , with carvings by Johann Georg Greiff (1730). Ulrich Loth took the picture The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit (1644) from the old high altar from 1661 . The tabernacle with worshiping angels was created by the Mayer'schen Hofkunstanstalt in 1902. After the war damage to the altar, it was largely restored to its original state in 1952/53.
Central nave frescoes
In the central nave Cosmas Damian Asam created the frescoes (from back to front) King David with the harp in 1724-30 , founding of the Hl.-Geist-Spital , praise of God by the angels , in the choir the fresco The Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit . The frescoes in the nave, which was extended to the west from 1885–88, are by Ludwig Glötzle and show Pope Leo XIII. with Mary and saints as well as St. Cecilia, patroness of church music . All central nave frescoes were reconstructed by Karl Manninger in 1971–75 and 1990 after being destroyed during the war .
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Works of art in the right aisle
The Josefs or Nothelfer altar is provided with a fourteen-helper altar sheet (around 1640, with special emphasis on St. Vitus) by Johann Heinrich Schönfeld and a figure of Joseph from the middle of the 18th century. In the attached neo-baroque war memorial chapel hangs a late Gothic crucifix (1510), probably from the Leinberger school . Furthermore, three wall frescoes with gifts of the Holy Spirit are depicted in the south aisle: Wisdom , Understanding and Advice (1753) by Peter Jakob Horemans .
Works of art in the left aisle
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Next to the north portal is the Marienaltar (1956, Max Grübl and Jakob Heinlein) with the so-called Hammerthal Mother of God (around 1440), which was formerly located in the secularized Tegernsee parish church. The Trinity Altar was made by the same artists in 1957 ; Above it is an artistically valuable group of figures of the Coronation of Mary (1681), which was originally located on the high altar of the Trinity Chapel (Heilig-Geist-Friedhof), profaned in 1802. Furthermore, four wall frescoes with gifts of the Holy Spirit are depicted in the north aisle: Strength , Piety and Fear of God (1753) are by Peter Jakob Horemans. His gift of science , destroyed in the war, was recreated by Karl Manninger around 1990.
Works of art in the ambulatory
On the northeast side is the Sacrament or Sacred Heart altar , which was created in 1960 from parts of the festive decoration of the high altar; the Herz-Jesu picture (around 1800) is by Joseph Hauber . On the back of the high altar is a small 18th century altarpiece with a Johann Nepomuk painting and four silver-plated relief busts (around 1750) by Johann Michael Roth . In the niche of the east window walled up by the tower in 1730 hangs the large picture of the Crucifixion groups (around 1800) by Joseph Hauber. On the southeast side is the altar of the immaculate conception with an identical altar sheet (around 1710) by Andreas Wolff .
Works of art under the gallery
The bronze grave monuments to Duke Ferdinand of Bavaria ( Hans Krumpper , 1608) and his wife are set into the wall on both sides of the west portal . Two large allegorical murals (around 1750) by Joseph Ignaz Schilling and Joseph Weiß the Elder are separated from each other by the pillar . Ä. appropriate; the northern shows the virtues of hope, love, faith, long-suffering, bravery and peace, the southern shows temperance, wisdom, joy, justice and mercy. On the southwest side is the Maria-Pain-Chapel (1909/10) with an expressive Pietà by Johann Huber . Also worth seeing is the spiral staircase to the gallery, which Georg Biehl has decorated with rich stucco; Anton Riesenhuber made the door leaves .
organ
Franz Borgias Maerz created an organ with 12 registers on two manuals and a pedal in 1885 . In 1921 Willibald Siemann built a successor instrument . The pneumatic cone chopping instrument had 79 stops on four manuals and a pedal and was the largest instrument in the company's history. This organ was destroyed in the air raids during World War II. After the church was rebuilt, it was followed by an instrument from Carl Schuster & Sohn. In 1976 the parish bought an organ from Reinhard Raffalt's estate , which was built as a house organ for a Roman villa. In 1977 the instrument was rebuilt by Ludwig Eisenbarth and significantly expanded. Thus, the current has sliderchest -instrument 27 Register on two manuals and pedal . The playing and register actions are mechanical. The disposition is as follows:
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
There are plans to build a new large instrument corresponding to the size of the room.
Bells
The slender tower houses four bells . The big bell is the oldest of the peal and bears a representation of the Holy Spirit on the flank. Since 2012, a fourth bell has filled the empty compartment of the belfry; it was hung in the tower on May 27th (Pentecost Sunday). Its name, Brezenreiterglocke, is reminiscent of the medieval tradition of the Brezenreiter in the Heilig-Geist-Spital. On the flank, below a large pretzel, the following inscription is cast: ESURIVI ENIM ET DEDISTIS MIHI MANDUCARE SITIVI (Mt 25:35).
Sunday starts at 3 p.m. on Saturdays. For all masses the big bell gives a signal 15 minutes in advance, 5 minutes before the beginning of the measurement all bells are rung together. The only exception is the beginning of the Eucharistic celebration on Maundy Thursday evening . For this purpose, the bell rings for 10 minutes. In addition, the big bell rings three times a day (morning, noon and evening) the angel of the Lord and on Fridays at 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. ( Heart of Jesus ringing and the hour of Jesus' death).
Below is an overview of the bells:
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Caster |
Mass (kg, approx.) |
Chime |
| 1 | Holy Spirit | 1860 | Ignaz Bauer, Munich | 800 | f 1 |
| 2 | Mother of God | 1950 | Karl Czudnochowsky , Erding | 650 | g 1 |
| 3 | St. Joseph | 193? | Gebr. Ulrich, Kempten | 450 | a 1 |
| 4th | Pretzel rider | 2012 | Bell foundry Rudolf Perner , Passau | 300 | c 2 |
literature
- Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history . DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 (DuMont documents: DuMont art travel guide).
- Roma Grießenbeck von Grießenbach and Hahnreit, Thomas Amann: The Hammerthal Mother of God in the Heilig-Geist-Kirche in Munich (Schnell, Art Guide No. 2646), Regensburg 2007 (Schnell & Steiner; ISBN 978-3-7954-6647-3 ).
- Heinrich Habel, Johannes Hallinger, Timm Weski: Monuments in Bavaria Volume I.2 / 1 City of Munich center , Karl M. Lipp Verlag, 2009; Volume of thirds, pages 788–794.
- Walter Brugger: Katholische Stadtpfarrkirche Heilig Geist Munich (Schnell, Art Guide No. 264), 6th edition, Regensburg 2015 (Schnell & Steiner; ISBN 978-3-7954-4208-8 ).
- A. Huhn: History of the hospital, the church and the parish z. St. Spirit in Munich . Lentner Munich 1891.
- M. Gerhauser: The Holy Spirit Church in Munich - Brief history of the foundation and report on the renovation in 1907–1908 . Seitz, Munich 1909.
- Franz Reber : Building technical guide through Munich . Ackermann, Munich 1876, pp. 18, 29, 33, 98.
Daughter parishes
- St. Maximilian (built in 1903).
Web links
- Website of the Catholic Parish of the Holy Spirit
- muenchen.de: Brief information on the Holy Spirit Church
- Photos on Flickr
Individual evidence
- ↑ Presentation of the organs
- ^ Walter Brugger: Holy Spirit, Munich. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7954-4208-8 , p. 16.
- ↑ More information about the organ
Frauenkirche (Cathedral) | Allerheiligen-Hofkirche (profaned) | All Saints Church on the Cross | Asamkirche | Augustinian Church (profaned) | Citizens' Hall | Ladies' Collegiate Church | Trinity Church | Franciscan Church (exited) | Holy Spirit | Herzogspitalkirche | St. Jakob am Anger | Josephspitalkirche (exited) | Carmelite Church (profaned) | Lorenzikapelle (exited) | St. Michael | St. Peter | St. Salvator | Theatine Church