Tegernsee
| Tegernsee | ||
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| Aerial view of the Tegernsee to the south | ||
| Geographical location | Mangfall Mountains , Bavarian Prealps , 50 km south of Munich | |
| Tributaries | Weißach , Rottach , Alpbach , Söllbach , Breitenbach , Zeiselbach , Quirinbach , Grambach , Weidenbach | |
| Drain | Mangfall → Inn → Danube → Black Sea | |
| Islands | Ring lake island | |
| Places on the shore | Tegernsee , Gmund am Tegernsee , Rottach-Egern , Kreuth , Bad Wiessee | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 47 ° 43 '42 " N , 11 ° 43' 57" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 726 m above sea level NN | |
| surface | 8.9 km² | |
| length | 5.72 km | |
| width | 2.15 km | |
| volume | 0.323.09 km³ | |
| scope | 21.04 km | |
| Maximum depth | 72.6 m | |
| Middle deep | 36.3 m | |
| PH value | 7.7-8.5 | |
| Catchment area | 210.75 km² | |
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particularities |
The world's first circular sewer system around a lake |
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| Renewal time 1.28 years | ||
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| Original position map sheet from 1862 | ||
The Tegernsee is located around 50 km south of Munich in the Bavarian Alps and is a destination for excursions and tourism. It is one of the cleanest lakes in Bavaria, as a continuous circular sewer system was created around the lake as early as the 1960s .
The lake is located in the conservation area of the Tegernsee and the surrounding area . It is owned by the Free State of Bavaria and is administered by the Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes .
Naming
The name of the lake is first handed down in the form Tegarinseo from the year 796, when the princely brothers Oatkar and Adalbert founded a monastery at tegarin seo , which is Old High German and means large lake . A Celtic word stem with the meaning lord or prince is possible, but also the origin of clay crucible assumed for neighboring place names such as Tegernbach or Tegerndorf. A historical source of the 19th century bears the name of the people of the Tigurini back.
history
During the past when Würm glaciation called Ice Age the Tegernsee handed tongue of the Inn glacier with a maximum about 20,000 years ago to well north into the plane of projection. Through its erosive forces, the glacier created a tongue basin that later filled with water. The elongated shape of the Tegernsee clearly shows this glacial morphological formation.
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About 10,000 years ago, the masses of ice and snow began to melt in the foothills of the Alps and the Tegernsee basin became ice-free. The flat bank in the south was filled up by sediments from the Rottach and Weißach rivers , the bank areas on the long sides at Tegernsee and Bad Wiessee are debris heaps and alluvial cones from the flowing streams. The area of the lake was about twice the size and the lake level was about 15 meters higher than today. On the initial rock and gravel deposits, a crust slowly formed, which was the prerequisite for a tundra-like flora. Over time, a closed mountain mixed forest zone made up of spruce, beech and fir trees.
This densely forested mountain world around the Tegernsee had little incentive for human settlement. A bronze needle from the early Bronze Age was found under the northern choir wall of the Tegernsee Monastery , which suggests that people were wandering through the region at that time, but there was no evidence of an early settlement of the Tegernsee.
The history of the Tegernsee only begins at the beginning of the 6th century, when the tribal association of the Baiern emerged as a political unit and the Agilolfinger claim to power was consolidated. The history of the Tegernsee is closely linked to that of the monastery of the same name. Often the two princely brothers and possible founders of the monastery Tegernsee, Adalbert and Oatkar are mentioned in the literature, who founded a church at the "tegarin seo" and so probably in the 8th century the lake got its name. The monastery was the only landowner on the Tegernsee and managed the clearing and land development.
geography
General
The lake is part of the urban area of Tegernsee . The other four communities in the Tegernsee Valley also have a share of the lake shore: Gmund am Tegernsee , Rottach-Egern , Kreuth and Bad Wiessee . In contrast to many other Upper Bavarian lakes, the shores of the Tegernsee are almost entirely accessible to the public. Often these are overgrown with reeds . The Tegernsee has two larger bays and an island in the south . The Mangfall forms the drain of the Tegernsee near Gmund am Tegernsee.
Inlet and outlet
The most important inflow of the Tegernsee is the Weißach , which flows into the Ringsee in the southwest of the lake. The Weißach drains the Kreuther valley . The south-eastern end of the Tegernsee valley is drained by the Rottach , the second largest tributary of the Tegernsee. Other important tributaries are the Alpbach in the east and the Söllbach , the Breitenbach and the Zeiselbach in the west of the lake. All major tributaries of the Tegernsee have been straightened and built for flood protection. Flood dams mark the last kilometers of the larger tributaries.
In addition to the aforementioned tributaries, a large number of smaller streams flow directly into the Tegernsee. These include, for example, the Quirinbach and the Grambach near Sankt Quirin and the Weidenbach in the northwest of the lake. In addition, the water that is branched off the Weißach through the Mühlbach, a canal , is fed directly into the Ringsee.
On the west bank in the Bad Wiessee area rises a small, natural mineral oil source, which was marketed as Quirinus oil as early as the Middle Ages . The spring is considered to have dried up, but tiny amounts of oil continue to leak out from time to time.
The only outflow from the Tegernsee is the Mangfall , through which the water from the Tegernsee near Rosenheim reaches the Inn .
structure
There are two bays on the south side of the lake, namely the Ringsee in the south-west and the Egerner Bay, formerly called Obersee, in the south-east. The rest of the Tegernsee, including the Finner Bay in the west, was called Weitsee until the 19th century .
Egerner Bay (Egerer See, Malerwinkel)
The approximately 40 hectare part of the lake in the southeast, where the Rottach flows into the Point peninsula to a width of approx. 170 meters , is called Egerner Bay . The bay is called Malerwinkel in local parlance , as painters used to sit on the shore and paint the church of St. Laurentius in Egern.
At the exit of the Egerner Bay there has been a ferry service between Rottach-Egern and the Point peninsula in Tegernsee for 500 years. The distance to the other side of the bank is about 400 meters and is bridged with a traditional rowing boat.
Ringsee
The bay of the same name is located in the south-western area of the Tegernsee, near the Ringsee district of the municipality of Kreuth . The name Ringsee comes from "low" and makes the contrast to the "large" Tegernsee clear. The bay with a size of approx. 300 by 600 m (14.2 hectares) is located directly at the mouth of the Weißach .
Finner Bay
Another indentation, 200 meters deep, is called Finnerbucht at the northern exit of Bad Wiessee , near the small district of Winner (Winnerhof, with the casino ), but named after the Finnerhof located immediately south of it. It occupies an area of around 3 hectares . Finnerbucht is one of the lake areas protected by the Tegernsee Protection Ordinance.
island
In front of the Ringsee is the small Ringseeinsel . Like the lake, it belongs to the city of Tegernsee .
nature
natural reserve
The Tegernsee lies within the approximately 9274 hectare nature reserve protection of the Tegernsee and the surrounding area , which was designated in 1956.
environmental issues
Due to the growing population, increasing tourism and the settling industry, the Tegernsee was heavily polluted in the 1950s by the sewage of the surrounding communities. The nutrient-rich sewage, which destroyed the biological balance of the Tegernsee, resulted in an overdevelopment of the Burgundy blood algae . A bathing ban in Tegernsee threatened. Because of these ecological and economic dangers, on September 7, 1956, the five valley communities founded the association for wastewater disposal at Tegernsee with the aim of building a joint circular sewer system and a central biological sewage treatment plant in Louisenthal . At the end of 1957, the canal construction work on the "ring canal" began and, after eight years of construction, ended in 1965 with the inauguration of the sewage treatment plant.
What is referred to as a "ring channel" is rather a fork solution consisting of an east and a west collector. The west collector begins at the Ringsee and transports the sewage from the towns of Ringsee, Bad Wiessee and Gmund. The Ostsammler begins in Weißach, leads over the Aribo- and Kobelstraße to the lake shore, then around the Egerner Bay to Tegernsee to Gmund. There he crosses the Mangfall and runs with the western collector to the central sewage treatment plant in Louisenthal .
The cost of the entire project amounted to around 21.5 million euros. Further refurbishment and expansion measures have resulted in additional costs of around 17.9 million euros since construction. The circular sewer system around the Tegernsee was the first of its kind in the world and enables the bathing quality of the Tegernsee and its ecology to be preserved. The construction projects in the surrounding communities are linked to the capacity of the sewage treatment plant via so-called population equivalents. In 2000, investments of over 10 million euros in the renovation and improvement of wastewater technology created around 6,000 more population equivalents.
Economical meaning
Drinking water supply
The Tegernsee is of particular importance for ensuring the drinking water supply of the state capital Munich and as a flood retention basin for the lower Mangfall valley . Damming the lake for this purpose was already discussed over a hundred years ago.
fishing
The stock of whitefish, which is important for professional fishermen, has declined, as has the stock of arctic char . Sport fishermen can find pike , rainbow trout , tench as well as carp and pikeperch .
Leisure and Tourism
For the surrounding communities, the Tegernsee represents an important economic factor for tourism and the health services offered around the lake; it is coordinated by Tegernseer Tal Tourismus GmbH . The income of the five municipalities of the Tegernsee valley from tourism in 2013 was around 260 million euros. Day tourism dominates , with 3.4 million days of stay in 2013. According to TTT statistics, day tourists leave more than 120 euros in the valley. According to figures from the tourism organizations, 6.5 million day visitors visit the Tegernsee Schliersee Alpine region. In the entire district of Miesbach, day trip expenses account for 118.3 million euros. The majority of overnight stays take place in private quarters and small accommodation providers. In 2008, there were 1,980,823 overnight stays in accommodation establishments with nine or more beds and 476,387 overnight stays in establishments with fewer than nine beds in the entire Tegernsee Schliersee Alpine region. In addition to recreational tourism, congress and seminar tourism is also playing an increasingly important role. A large number of hotels host large and small conferences and workshops for national and international companies. Companies based in the greater Munich area in particular use these offers.
traffic
The federal highway 307 leads past the Tegernsee in the east and the federal highway 318 in the west . They meet north and south of the lake. There are bus parking spaces in each of the five municipalities. The southern section of the Schaftlach – Tegernsee railway runs east of the lake between Gmund and Tegernsee ; There are train stations in both towns.
Image and reception
During the time of National Socialism , several national socialist greats such as Heinrich Himmler or Max Amann had properties on the Tegernsee, so that the term Lago di Bonzo (based on Bonze ) established itself in the 1960s. The demand for apartments on Lake Tegernsee is unbroken and is leading to correspondingly high property prices. For holiday homes , the prices are the highest in the German Alpine region. According to the real estate industry, "In the very good locations ... single and two-family houses with high-quality furnishings in the first row of the lake cost up to 10 million euros."
Well-known residents of the Tegernsee valley are or were u. a. Ludwig Erhard († 1977) (Federal Chancellor), Otto Beisheim (majority shareholder Metro Group † 2013), Thomas Enders (former CEO Airbus ), Uli Hoeneß ( FC Bayern Munich ), Thomas Stein (formerly BMG Music ), Antje-Katrin Kühnemann (former TV doctor, including Bayerischer Rundfunk ), Robert Lembke († 1989), Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski († 2015) ( GDR State Secretary), Wolfram Weimer (former Focus editor-in-chief), Willy Bogner junior (former skier and fashion entrepreneur), Manuel Neuer , Philipp Lahm (both soccer world champions 2014), Gunter Sachs († 2011), Hubert Burda (publisher) and Hanne Haller († 2005) (German pop singer, composer); Manfred Bischoff (Chairman of the Daimler Supervisory Board), Jürgen Großmann (RWE), Franz Markus Haniel (Metro), Jochen Holy (Boss), Gerd Strehle (Strenesse), Peter-Alexander Wacker (Wacker Chemie), Klaus Gehrig (Lidl), Friedrich Merz (CDU, Blackrock), Hans-Jürgen Schinzler (Munich Re), Leopold Stiefel (Media Saturn), Alischer Usmanow (Gazprom).
The story Der Brandner Kaspar by Franz von Kobell takes place in the Tegernsee Valley , and was last filmed in 2008 as The Story of Brandner Kaspar with Franz Xaver Kroetz as Brandner Kaspar and Michael Bully Herbig .
gallery
Ringsee with an upstream Ringsee island
Typical reed banks near Bad Wiessee
Drain at the Mangfall footbridge in Gmund
View over the Tegernsee from Bad Wiessee
Historical map (1862)
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Documentation of the condition and development of the most important lakes in Germany: Part 11 Bavaria (PDF; 1.7 MB)
- ↑ importance tegarin seo taken from the Lemma Monastery Tegernsee
- ↑ Hans Halmbacher: history of Tegernsee . In: In: Hans Halmbacher (Hrsg.): The Tegernsee valley in historical pictures. Volume 1. Fuchs-Druck, Hausham 1980, pages 63-186, 64
- ↑ Hermine Kaiser: Chronicle of Wiessee . tape 1 . Bad Wiessee 2014 (self-published, no ISBN).
- ↑ Peter A. Cramer: History of the Tegernsee Valley: A foray . 3. Edition. Bad Wiessee 1991, p. 20–23 (no ISBN, self-published).
- ↑ Hermine Kaiser: First Tegernsee Reading Book . 2nd Edition. Bad Wiessee 2004, p. 117–118 (no ISBN, self-published).
- ↑ The Tegernsee. Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes, accessed on March 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Tegernsee voice: Again petroleum on the Tegernsee , August 12, 2016
- ↑ Joseph Anton Eisenmann, Karl Friedrich Hohn: Topo-geographical-statistical lexicon of the Kingdom of Bavaria, or alphabetical description of all the districts, cities, markets, villages, hamlets, farms, castles, wastelands, mountains, excellent mountains and forests contained in the Kingdom of Bavaria, water etc: M - Z . Palm and Enke, 1832 Page 813 in the Google book search
- ↑ The "transporter" casts off again. Münchener Zeitungs-Verlag GmbH & Co.KG, April 16, 2015, accessed on October 24, 2015 .
- ↑ Tegernsee Protection Ordinance (PDF; 23 kB)
- ↑ Wastewater Association Tegernseer Tal - History. Association for wastewater disposal at Tegernsee, accessed on March 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Annette Lehmeier, Dieter Vogel: The Tegernsee . Kiebitz Buch, Vilsbiburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-9812136-8-3 , p. 90 .
- ↑ Always stay nice and clean. Tegernsee Voice, July 31, 2012, accessed on March 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Self- reflection and securing the future . tape 133 . Tegernseer Tal Verlag, Tegernsee 2001, p. 8th f . ( talverlag.de ).
- ^ City of Munich, the great unknown in the water feature. Volume 145. TEGERNSEER TAL Verlag, April 4, 2007, accessed on March 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Damming of the Tegernsee. TEGERNSEER TAL Verlag, February 5, 1905, accessed on March 7, 2015 (original title with apostrophe).
- ↑ Tegernsee voice: “Expert thinks nothing of Tegernsee parking garage” , February 19, 2014
- ^ "The Alpine region Tegernsee Schliersee, challenges and perspectives for a strong tourism region" , pp. 18, 27; Status: October 2010
- ^ Tegernsee voice: "The small landlords are the backbone" , September 11, 2015
- ↑ "The Alpine region Tegernsee Schliersee, challenges and perspectives for a strong tourism region, p. 17" , as of October 2010
- ↑ Limit day vacationers in the valley. Tegernsee Voice, December 2, 2014, accessed on March 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Arrival to the Tegernsee. Accessed August 4, 2017 .
- ↑ The Tegernsee. No. 22/1961. ZEIT ONLINE GmbH, May 26, 1961, accessed on March 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Holiday property market report Germany 2015: Alpenregion , p. 16 ff , 13 July 2015
- ^ FAZ: Germany, your Reichen , April 19, 2017