Tiguriner

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The Tigurines ( Latin Tigurini, ancient Greek Τιγουρίνοι) were one of the four Gaue ( pagi ) of the Celtic Helvetian tribe.

The Helvetii force at Agen in 107 BC The Romans under the yoke through. 19th century history painting by Charles Gleyre.
Celtic and Rhaetian colonization of today's Switzerland in the 1st century BC Chr.

history

The settlement area of ​​the Tigurines was in the area around Aventicum in western Switzerland . Tigurini comes from the Gallic language and means "men" ( Irish mooch ) or «Lord" ( welsh Teyrn ).

Historically, the Tigurines and the Tougener appear with the Cimbri , with whom they devastated southern Gaul during the Cimber Wars . 107 BC They came to the territory of the peoples in what is now southern France and, under the leadership of Divico, defeated the Roman army of the consul Lucius Cassius Longinus and his legate Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus in the area of ​​the Nitiobrogen . Lucius Cassius was killed together with most of the troops by the Cimbri, they took hostages and forced the prisoners under the yoke, as Caesar narrates. However, this episode is not mentioned in the surviving epitome of Livy’s history. The exact location of the battle is not known, but it is likely to have been on the Garonne near Agen , which is why the battle of Agen is commonly referred to . At Orange, the Tiguriner struck again together with the other tribes in 105 BC. Another Roman army.

Around 102/101 BC The Tigurinians followed the Cimbri on their march across the Alps , but did not penetrate Italy, but stayed at the Brenner Pass . After the Cimbri 101 BC BC were defeated in the Po Valley near Vercellae by the troops of Gaius Marius and Quintus Lutatius Catulus , the Tigurines returned to their homeland. The Tigurines escaped annihilation and returned north with their prey. The Tigurines and the Helvetii remained in the collective memory of Rome as a strong and threatening Celtic tribe.

58 BC They took part in the expedition of the Helvetii to southern Gaul, were defeated by Caesar's troops before the battle of Bibracte on the Saône and forced to return to what is now Switzerland.

Tiguri (ni) & Turicum for Zurich

In the 16th century, historians and cartographers began to heroize the area around Zurich "pagus Tigurinus" as the home of the Divico, derived from the similarity of the Roman Vicus Turicum (Zurich) with Tigurini or Tiguri.

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. Titus Livius , Periochae 65.
  2. There it only says: “L. Cassius cos. a Tigurinis Gallis, pago Helvetiorum, qui a civitate secesserant, in finibus Nitiobrogum cum exercitu caesus est. Milites, qui ex ea caede superaverant, obsidibus datis et dimidia rerum omnium parte, ut incolumes dimitterentur, cum hostibus pacti sunt. ”Livius, Periochae 61–65, LXV.
  3. Florus , Epitoma de Tito Livo 1,38,18.
  4. After Furger-Gunti 1984, pp 75-77.
  5. Appian , Römische Geschichte 1,8: The troops are said to have been commanded by Caesar's legate T. Attius Labienus; Caesar, however, attributed the victory over the Tigurines to himself as the 'avenger' of the Roman defeat of 107 BC. To represent.
  6. Jump up ↑ as usual place information in prints by Christoph Froschauer