Johann Heinrich Schönfeld

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Portrait (lithograph from the artist gallery of Maximilian Franck 1818)
Johann Heinrich Schönfeld, battle picture

Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Schönfeld (born March 23, 1609 in Biberach an der Riss , † 1684 in Augsburg ) was a German baroque painter .

Life

Johann Heinrich Schönfeld was born in 1609 as the son of the Biberach goldsmith Johann Baptist Schönfeld. He was blind in the left eye from birth and could not use his right hand, which probably meant that he was not trained as a goldsmith like many members of his family. Instead, he received training as a painter from Caspar Sichelbein in Memmingen . He later went on hikes to Stuttgart and Basel . In 1633 he fled to Italy before the Thirty Years War . From 1633 to 1637/38 he lived in Rome for study purposes , then in Naples until around 1649 . Then he stayed in Dresden . In 1651 he returned to Biberach. In 1652 in Pfuhl near Ulm he married Anna Elisabetha Strauss from Ulm , with whom he had eight children. From 1652 he lived and worked in Augsburg, he was granted civil rights and master craftsman rights in the same year.

In the following years numerous paintings were created in many churches in southern Germany. So around 1670 he created a cross-bearing savior and a saint Leonhard as plague patron for the Würzburg Cathedral (both altar panels burned in the bombing raid on Würzburg on March 16, 1945 ). Schönfeld is considered the most important German baroque painter in the second half of the 17th century. In addition to paintings with a religious content, he painted mythology and genre scenes. He also left etchings and drawings.

A pupil of Schönfeld, Johann Schmidtner , painted the well-known Augsburg pilgrimage picture of Maria Untying the Knot .

Paintings (selection)

The Rape of the Sabine Women, around 1640
  • Christ Carrying the Cross , 1633/39, oil on sheet copper, Museum Ulm
  • Roman Capriccio , around 1635, Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna
  • The Rape of the Sabine Women , around 1640, St. Petersburg, Hermitage
  • Crucifixion of Christ , 1647/48, Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg (Inv.-Nr. Gm 1562)
  • Battle picture , around 1650, Munich, Alte Pinakothek
  • Solomon is anointed king by the priest Zadok , 1657, oil on canvas
  • Christ carrying the cross and removing Christ from the cross , 1660, Protestant Holy Cross Church in Augsburg
  • Sacrificial scene , 1661, Munich, Bavarian State Painting Collections
  • Treasure diggers in Roman ruins , 1662, oil on canvas
  • Resurrection of Lazarus , around 1655/65 Oil on canvas, private property, Austria
  • St. Sebastian and St. Rochus , 1655/69 (?), Altarpiece in the first southern side chapel in Salzburg Cathedral
  • St. Carlo Borromeo with plague sufferers , 1655, altarpiece in the second south side chapel in Salzburg Cathedral
  • Nikolaus, Martin, Augustin (left), Church Fathers St. Gregory, St. Hieronymus (right), God the Father in Clouds with Putti (above), 1669, altarpiece of the third south side chapel in Salzburg Cathedral
  • Joseph entertains his brothers in Egypt around 1670
  • Savior Carrying the Cross , around 1670, altarpiece in Würzburg Cathedral
  • Saint Leonhard as plague patron , around 1670, altarpiece in Würzburg Cathedral
  • The Wedding at Cana , 1670, St. Petersburg, Hermitage
  • Musical entertainment on the spinet , around 1670, Dresden, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
  • Alexander the Great in Achilles' tomb , 1672
  • Academy class , oil on canvas, Alte Galerie, Eggenberg Palace, Joanneum Graz, Inv.-No .: 110
  • Alexander before the dead Persian king Darius
  • Chronos and Eros (Allegory of Time)
  • Crocifissione di Sant Andrea , London, private property
  • Ecce homo , Munich, Bavarian State Painting Collections (Inv.-No. 13399)
  • Gideon examines his army on the Jordan , privately owned Odescalchi, Rome
  • Historical scene with an undressed king , private property Odescalchi, Rome
  • The Holy Family , Bavarian State Painting Collections
  • Joshua stops the course of the sun , oil on canvas, Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen
  • Christ Carrying the Cross , Germanic National Museum Nuremberg
  • Martyrdom of St. Sebastian
  • Rest on the Flight into Egypt , oil on canvas

literature

  • Wilhelm Schmidt:  Schönfeld, Johann Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 32, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, p. 302 f.
  • Herbert Pée: Johann Heinrich Schönfeld. Pictures, drawings, graphics. Museum Ulm, Ulm 1967 (exhibition catalog, Ulm, Museum Ulm, July 2 - September 17, 1967).
  • Heide Klinkhammer: treasure hunters, wisdom seekers and demon summoners. The motivic and thematic reception of the topos of the treasure hunt in art from the 15th to the 18th century. Berlin: Mann, 1993 (Studies on Profane Iconography; Vol. 3).
  • Christoph Bellot:  Schönfeld, Johann Heinrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 408 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Ursula Zeller (ed.): Johann Heinrich Schönfeld - world of gods, saints and hero myths. DuMont, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-8321-9243-3 (exhibition catalog, Friedrichshafen, Zeppelin Museum, October 16, 2009 - February 7, 2010).
  • Christof Trepesch (ed.): Painter of the world. Johann Heinrich Schönfeld in the holdings of the art collections and museums in Augsburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin et al. 2010, ISBN 978-3-422-07017-2 (exhibition catalog, Augsburg, Schaezlerpalais, July 10 - October 17, 2010).
  • Fabian Jonietz: Schönfeld (Schönfeld; Schooveld; Sconfeld), Johann Heinrich (Hans Hendrick; Giovan Henrigo). In: General Artist Lexicon . Volume 109. De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2019, pp. 150–152.

Web links

Commons : Johann Heinrich Schönfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Exhibition companion Schönfeld exhibition 2010 - 2011, Salzburg Baroque Museum, 2011
  2. ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 624 f.
personal data
SURNAME Schönfeld, Johann Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schönfeld, Johann Heinrich Wilhelm (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German baroque painter
DATE OF BIRTH March 23, 1609
PLACE OF BIRTH Biberach an der Riss
DATE OF DEATH 1684
Place of death augsburg