St. Maximilian (Munich)
The Roman Catholic Church of St. Maximilian is the first parish church of Isarvorstadt in Munich , mainly whose jurisdiction the Glockenbachviertel includes. It was built in neo-Romanesque style from 1892 to 1908 according to plans by Heinrich von Schmidt .
location
St. Maximilian ( Auenstrasse 1) is located on the eastern edge of the Glockenbachviertel on the banks of the Isar . The church building corresponds to the tower of the Deutsches Museum and, together with St. Lukas, subdivides the urban expansion of the 19th century on the left bank of the Isar. The striking south-west (orientation to the south-west instead of the traditional east-facing) of the church, which is not unusual in historicism , gives the church a certain dominance in urban planning, which, however, remains cautious.
history
As early as 1883, Munich's growth had progressed so far that Archbishop Antonius von Steichele demanded three more parish churches. In order to enable the construction of these three parish churches St. Benno in the Maxvorstadt (consecrated 1895), St. Paul an der Theresienwiese (consecrated 1906) and St. Maximilian, the Central Association for Church Construction in Munich , called Central Church Construction Association , was founded Should build houses of worship. In addition to the central church building association, a local church building association for St. Maximilian was founded in 1883. It was not until 1893 that the school barracks on Auenstrasse were converted into an emergency church, after the mother church of the Holy Spirit in the valley was no longer able to accept the faithful and the funds raised did not justify the start of construction.
In 1895 the credit had grown so much that construction seemed possible soon. An architectural competition was held, to which experts submitted a total of 96 designs. The winner of the competition was Heinrich Freiherr v. Schmidt, who had offered a neo-Gothic design. This was characterized by similarities to St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , where his father worked as a master builder . Since the church building association found the costs too high, Schmidt was commissioned to work out a more cost-effective design. In accordance with the new customs, Schmidt proposed a neo-Romanesque church, for which he submitted two designs.
After the groundbreaking on April 26, 1895 , Archbishop Antonius von Thoma laid the foundation stone on June 24, 1895 in the presence of Prince Regent Luitpold . Due to lack of money, the building was suspended in 1898 and 1899. On October 6, 1901, Archbishop Franz Joseph Stein consecrated St. Maximilian, which was initially a subsidiary church of the Holy Spirit . On March 31, 1903, St. Maximilian was raised to an independent parish and a parish church. As the financial resources remained scarce, it was not until 1938 and 1939 that the missing sacristy could be added.
During the air raids on Munich during World War II , St. Maximilian was hit several times between September 1943 and November 1944 and was badly damaged. An emergency church was built in the right aisle , in which services could be celebrated again since Easter 1946 .
In 1949, based on plans by Oswald Bieber, the outer forms were rebuilt, which was completed by the consecration of the high altar on October 11, 1953 by Auxiliary Bishop Johannes Neuhäusler . Since the parish had only very limited funds at this time, the octagonal spiers were not restored during the reconstruction. Instead, emergency roofs were placed on the towers, as they were often used on such occasions (e.g. St. Martini in Braunschweig ). These temporary arrangements have not yet been replaced.
After the consecration of the high altar, the redesign of the interior of the church gradually began, in which the few undestroyed artistic works were reintegrated.
In April 2019 it was announced that the church will have to close indefinitely from 2020 onwards due to asbestos removal .
Program and concept
Similar to Gabriel von Seidl for the parish church of St. Anna im Lehel , Heinrich von Schmidt also chose a neo-Romanesque style at the request of the church building association . Above all, there are political reasons for this. After the establishment of the German Empire in 1871, Romanesque was seen as an architectural style that emphasizes loyalty to dynastic rule and at the same time creates a continuity with the Roman-German Empire of the Middle Ages. St. Maximilian thus stands in the continuity of formative new Romanesque church buildings, of which St. Anna im Lehel (parish church) and St. Benno Munich-Maxvorstadt should be mentioned in particular .
This dynastic statement becomes visible through the choice of patronage and the conception of the high altar donated by Prince Regent Luitpold. The patronage of St. Maximilian von Lorch is also intended to commemorate the first Bavarian King Max I. Joseph . The high altar was built in the form of a semicircular, unconnected "wall" in archaic, reduced forms. The seated in the central niche figure of the parish patron Maximilian is flanked by high rectangular grave plate-like depictions of missionaries, under the Carolingians , agilolfings and Wittelsbachern the Christianity spread, and are said to have donated their own Bavarian identity: (left) Theodolinde , Emmeram of Regensburg , Hardemunde and Rasso as well as (right) Winthir , Korbinian , Luitpold and Ulrich von Augsburg . The representation of the church patron is surmounted by a Celtic - Irish high cross created by A. Miller. While the church patron Maximilian von Lorch is sitting on a throne blessing his congregation, the other saints are shown standing as guardians around the simple stone altar. This intends a connection between the new Kingdom of Bavaria and the beginnings of its statehood, which suggests an uninterrupted dynasty and at the same time emphasizes Bavaria's independence from the Empire. This is emphasized again by the patron Maximilian von Lorch, as he is said to have built the first Christian church in Freising at the beginning of the 3rd century. This emphasizes the independence of the Bavarian Church, which, strictly speaking, has a continuity in the 21st century in the form of the Freising Bishops' Conference , and relates it to the political independence that is expressed in the Wittelsbach royal family.
Choir and altar
High altar
Rasso, Maximilian (center), Winthir
Theodolinde, Emmeram, Hardemunde and Rasso
The structure itself is determined in its conception by concessions to the difficult subsoil of the Isar floodplain. So the tower had to be relocated to the south, so that it was built at the side entrances at the crossing. Only there it was possible to drive the driven piles into a higher-lying flint tongue with reasonable effort . So that the church can also be illuminated with natural light at this point, the two towers were connected with an open gallery , which leads the light through two large windows into the interior of the church. The soil quality of the rest of the building site was so weak (not very stable) that (stone) vaults had to be dispensed with; Instead, a beamed ceiling was put in, which, as a side effect, lowered the construction costs again.
Dimensions of the structure
- Length: 87 m
- Width: 50 m
- Height (interior): 24 m
Furnishing
Important works of art
- High altar ( Balthasar Schmitt , Georg Wrba , after 1905)
- Frescoes ( Carl Johann Becker-Gundahl , before 1910)
- Madonna of the Marien Altar (Baroque, until 1954 on a town house in the valley)
organ
The organ was built in 1954 by " Orgelbau Carl Schuster & Sohn ", the planning is made by the then organ expert and cathedral organist Heinrich Wismeyer . The instrument has 57 registers on electro-pneumatic cone chests, distributed over three manuals and pedal . The pedal registers Untersatz 32 ', Pedalmixtur 2', Dulzian 16 'and Trompete 8' were installed by Wilhelm Stöberl in 1987 .
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Pair : IP, II-P, III-P, II-I, III-I, III-II. General coupling.
- Playing aids : crescendo roller, 3 free combinations and 1 free pedal combination, hand register for free combination I, II, III. Tutti.
- Shelf: Manual 16 'off, hand register off, coupling out of the roller, general tongues off, roller off. Automatic pedal on. Single tongue storage.
Bells
The inauguration of the bells cast by the Oberascher brothers (Munich) took place on September 14, 1901. The total cost was 25,970 marks, whereby the costs for the large bell (10,000 marks) had not yet been (fully) paid for the inauguration. This bell, cast at the turn of the 20th century, has a high historical value, as it was saved from destruction in the two world wars. The bells of the southeast tower hang in the steel, those of the northwest tower in a massive wooden belfry. The clock sounds over the two larger bells .
Every Saturday at 3 p.m., the bells Otto , Ludwig , Maximilian and Salve ring in Sunday for a good six to seven minutes.
| No. | Surname | Audio | Casting year | Foundry, casting location | Weight (kg) |
Nominal | tower |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trinity Bell | 1901 | Gebr. Oberascher, Munich | 3600 (3900?) | a 0 | northwest | |
| 2 | Volley bell | 1901 | Gebr. Oberascher, Munich | 2250 | c 1 | northwest | |
| 3 | Apostle bell | 1901 | Gebr. Oberascher, Munich | 1650 | d 1 | Southeast | |
| 4th | Maximilian Bell | 1901 | Gebr. Oberascher, Munich | 950 | f 1 | Southeast | |
| 5 | Ludwig Bell | 1901 | Gebr. Oberascher, Munich | 650 | g 1 | northwest | |
| 6th | Otto bell | 1901 | Gebr. Oberascher, Munich | 450 | a 1 | Southeast |
Pastor of the parish of St. Maximilian
- Johann Baptist Fiechtner (born June 22, 1864 in Bad Tölz ), was commissioned to build the church in 1899 as a beneficiary .
-
Ignaz Landgraf (parish priest from 1926)
- Landgraf was known for his talent for speech and began rebuilding the church after the war. On Easter Sunday 1946, services could be celebrated again in the right aisle of the church.
-
Josef Rosenberger (parish priest from 1949)
- Pastor Rosenberger was already active there as a vicar until he took over the parish . He continued the reconstruction of the church, on October 11, 1953 the restored high altar was consecrated again by Bishop Johannes Neuhäusler.
- Today a street commemorates Pastor Rosenberger, this leads past the main portal of St. Maximilian.
-
Hermann Josef Bösing (pastor from January 15, 1974)
- Bösing took over the parish after Pastor Rosenberger retired on September 30, 1973 for health reasons.
-
Rainer Maria Schießler (pastor from 1993)
- Pastor Schießler is known far beyond the parish's borders, above all for his unconventional media presence.
Surroundings
The entire ensemble also includes an Irish Resurrection Cross at the main entrance of the parish church.
Trivia
St. Maximilian was also known as Notre Dame on the Isar until its destruction in World War II . However, this comparison is no longer common today.
literature
- Lothar Altmann, Hugo Schnell: St. Maximilian, Catholic Parish Church - Munich . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1976, ISBN 978-3-7954-4218-7 (series: Small art guides / churches and monasteries).
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 36.3 " N , 11 ° 34 ′ 25.5" E
Individual evidence
- ^ Eva von Steinburg: Because of asbestos: Munich Maximilian Church must close. In: www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de. April 12, 2019, accessed April 17, 2019 .
- ↑ Josef H. Biller and Hans-Peter Rasp: Munich, Art and Culture, City Guide and Manual, 3rd, updated edition, Munich 2009, pp. 86–87.