Korbinian

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The Bear Miracle - St. Korbinian von Freising as bishop during his crossing of the Alps on the way to Rome in 710 , Jan Polack , oil on softwood, 1489

Saint Korbinian , also Corbinian and Latin Korbinianus / Corbinianus (* between 670 and 680 near Arpajon south of Paris ; † September 8 between 724 and 730 in Freising ), was a Christian missionary and is considered the first bishop of Freising , with this function and the founding of the diocese is also called into question by him. He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Churches .

Church historical circumstances

In the 8th century missionaries spread the Christian faith in Europe. Southern Germany lay in the east of the then undivided Franconian Empire . Written records from this period are extremely rare, so the time information in the article is imprecise.

Life

St. Korbinian on a painting in the Fürstengang Freising

Korbinian, son of the Irish woman Corbiniana and a Franconian named Waltekis (also "Waldekiso"), decided at a young age to live as a hermit . He built a hermitage next to a chapel not far from his birthplace, which is said to have been Saint-Germain-lès-Châtres near Arpajon (now Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon ). In 709 or 710 he set out on his second pilgrimage to Rome . On the way there he founded a monastery in Kuens (near Meran ) .

In Rome, the Pope moved Korbinian to end the hermit life in favor of missionary work in Gaul . This new job no longer satisfied him after a few years. Seven years later he made another pilgrimage to Rome. Korbinian's wish to be allowed to live as a hermit again was not fulfilled; the Pope sent him again to the Frankish Empire. His travels finally took Korbinian to the Duchy of Bavaria .

At the request of Duke Grimoald of Bavaria, he settled near Freising around the year 720 , which later, through Korbinian's apostolic work, matured into an important spiritual center in the south of Germany (Benedictine Abbey Weihenstephan ).

As a missionary sent by the Pope, Korbinian paid attention to faith and morals. After a dispute with the duke, he had to leave his territory. Korbinian had accused the duke of marrying Pilitrud (also "Plektrudis"), the wife of his deceased brother, which was forbidden under church law at the time , and thus incurred her hatred.

Shrine of Saint Korbinian

Korbinian visited the monastery in Kuens and worked for a few years in what is now South Tyrol . Around 725 Korbinian built an oratory ( habitaculum ) in Kuens, which was dedicated to St. Valentinus and Zeno . After Grimoald's death, his successor, Duke Hugbert , asked Korbinian to continue the interrupted activity in Freising. When he felt his death approaching, he sent the duke a request to be buried in the castle Mais ( castrum Mais ). The Duke then had the body laid out in the Freising Marienkirche transferred to Mais. The later Bishop of Freising Arbeo successfully did everything possible to bring the body of the Corbinian recognized as a saint back to Freising. The transfer was completed in the winter of 768/69 and his bones arrived in Freising on February 24, 769 ( ad sepulchrum sancti Corbiniani confessoris Christi in loco Frisingas ).

Adoration

On September 8th between 724 and 730 the mission bishop died. After the funeral, his remains were transferred to Mais Castle according to his will. Around the year 769 around which were relics venerating pressure from the Korbinian faithful brought back to Freising and in the crypt of Freising Doms transferred . Since the end of the 19th century, the relics of St. Korbinian in the then newly created neo-Romanesque Korbinian shrine .

Memorial days

The day of the saint is November 20th in Germany and September 8th in France . The feast day of St. Korbinian in the Orthodox churches is also on November 20th.

The Evangelical calendar of names of the Evangelical Church in Germany commemorates Korbinian as the teacher of the church on September 8th .

Patronage

Korbinian is the patron saint of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising and the patron saint of Freising in Bavaria .

Several churches in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising have Saint Korbinian as their patronage . The modern cathedral of Évry , built in the 1990s , in whose diocesan territory Korbinian's birthplace Arpajon is located, is dedicated to St. Consecrated to Korbinian and has a bronze statue of the saint. Furthermore, the 2011 newly built church of San Corbiniano in the Infernetto district of Rome dedicated to St. Consecrated to Korbinian.

iconography

Coat of arms of Benedict XVI. (the bear is shown in the sign at the top right)
Freising coat of arms

Korbinian is represented in the company of a bear who carries a bundle of loads and is called the Korbinian bear in Christian iconography . This is based on a tradition according to which a wild bear on a pilgrimage of the Korbinian had killed the pack animal. As a punishment, the saint saddled him with his belongings and wandered with the bear to Rome. The bear as a saint attribute of St. Korbinian is shown, for example, on the statue of Ignaz Günther from 1761 in the parish church of St. Marinus and Anianus in Rott am Inn as well as on other sacred art objects (see also Korbiniansbär ).

The coat of arms of the city of Freising as well as the papal coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI. (who was Archbishop of Munich and Freising from 1977 to 1982 ) lead the Korbinian Bear.

Fiction

  • Wilhelm Busch : How St. Korbinianus went on pilgrimages to Jerusalem. For example in: Rolf Hochhuth (Ed.): Wilhelm Busch, Complete Works and a selection of the sketches and paintings in two volumes. Volume 2: What is popular is also allowed. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1959, p. 957.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : St. Korbinian  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joachim Jahn : Ducatus Baiuvariorum: The Bavarian Duchy of the Agilolfinger , S. 117. (= monographs on the history of the Middle Ages). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991. ISBN 3-7772-9108-0 .
  2. ^ Günther Kaufmann: "From Mais Castle to Zenoburg". In: Arx 34/2 (2012), 43-51. 2012, accessed July 6, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Joachim Jahn : Ducatus Baiuvariorum: The Bavarian Duchy of the Agilolfinger , p. 118. (= monographs on the history of the Middle Ages). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991. ISBN 3-7772-9108-0 .
  4. ↑ Günther Kaufmann, 2012, p. 48.
personal data
SURNAME Korbinian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Corbinian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Missionary and first bishop of Freising
DATE OF BIRTH between 670 and 680
PLACE OF BIRTH near Melun south of Paris
DATE OF DEATH September 8 between 724 and 730
Place of death Freising