Hrabischitz

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coat of arms

The Hrabischitz (Czech Hrabišici ) were an important noble family from North Bohemia who also called themselves Lords of Ossegg or of Ossegg and Riesenburg (Czech: z Oseka ) but also after their castle Riesenburg von Riesenburg . The history of the house goes back to the 11th century. The family quickly became impoverished in the course of the 15th century and died out in the early 16th century.

history

The territory of the Hrabischitzer family stretched along the Ore Mountains . In the 12th century, during the first silver finds in the Ore Mountains, the family founded the Ossegg monastery , to which they appointed Cistercian monks , including a specialist in mining, a Magister Montium. In the Moravian-Slovak Vlčnov (near Uherský Brod ) it is mentioned in the Chronica Boemorum that the place was owned by the Hrabischitz family as early as 1162, who built a fortress here. Before 1188 they donated the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Zderaz (today Prague New Town ) to the Order of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star .

At the end of the 13th century her possessions included Deutscheinsiedel , Seiffen , Neuhausen , Burg Purschenstein , the villages of Dittersbach , Heidersdorf and further west of Reukersdorf , Hallbach , Schönfeld , Pfaffroda , Dittmannsdorf , Ullersdorf , Sayda , Friedebach and the parishes of Clausnitz and Cämmerswalde , Rechenberg , Hartmannsdorf , Haselbach and Ammelsdorf . In 1253 the exchange took place when Přemysl Ottokar II exchanged the Hrabischitz property for Austrian lands of the Meissen margrave Heinrich the illustrious . It was exchanged with King Wenceslaus II and the Margrave Friedrich . After the death of Wenceslaus III. Frederick the Open took advantage of a temporary vacancy in the Bohemian balance of power and seized the Hrabischitz property again.

The Hrabischitzer were then its margrave lords from 1307. In 1324, the Hrabischitzer started mining in the vicinity of Seiffen . In 1350 the brothers Boresch and Slavko von Riesenburg were given the fiefdom of the castles Rechenberg , Sayda and Borschenstein . Just two years later, Bores and Slavko sold the Saxon goods to the Lords of Schönberg , thereby giving up the Saxon lands. In 1378 Charles IV , Slavko (Hanko) confirmed the sale of his inheritance to his brother Boresch.

In the local history of Klučov it is mentioned in 1323 that Hrabis lived in the Klučov moated castle with his wife Bohuslava, daughter of Sobeslav von Klučov .

In the 14th century the property of the Hrabischitz family slowly fell into disuse, which died out in the first half of the 16th century.

The daughter of Boresch II married Heinrich II von Plauen . From this connection the Meissnian Hrabischitz branch was later founded, which still exists today.

Dobrita († 1264), the daughter of Bohuslav I († 1241) married Meinher II. Burgrave of Meissen .

In 1280 Diepold is named as the chief chamberlain in an agreement between King Rudolf and Margrave Otto von Brandenburg .

1404 - Anna, widow to Borsso (Boresch) von Riesenburg, mistress of Beschau , donates an altarist (chaplain) for the chapel of St. Katharina in Schönfeld (Kaiserwald) ( Krásno nad Teplou ) on April 29th .

Hrabě von Olšan ( Wolschan ) († 1451) probably comes from the Hrabischitz family. The coat of arms of Jarolav Hrabe von Olsan is very similar to the coat of arms of the Hrabischitzer. A seven-pronged rake on stilts.

Land owned by the Hrabischitzer family

The noble family held lands from the Saxon Ore Mountains to the White Carpathians . They probably bought most of them together as early as the 2nd half of the 12th century. At the beginning of the 13th century they already controlled a large part of the territory around Bilin . The assets they acquired enabled them to support church institutions, but also to build monasteries, which they then usually gifted with land, seizures or rights to natural goods.

After clashes with Wenceslas I , they lost about 30 villages. In the following years, they acquired land in the area of ​​Saaz ( Žatec ) and in the valley of the Eger river , always proceeding in a coordinated manner. In the early 13th century she was also interested in the Leitmeritz region . In Central Bohemia, their demand was concentrated in a few villages near Prague .

Acquisitions in eastern Bohemia in the Chrudim area were more important . Further east they built their second dominion in Mährisch Trübau, in addition there were some villages in the area of Trebitsch and under Bohuslav I and his grandson Boresch II. Lands in south-eastern Moravia.

This made the Hrabischitzers, along with the Witigonen , the Markwartingers and those of Ronow , one of the wealthiest landlords in Bohemia at the beginning of the 13th century , who could call up to 200 villages their own.

Genealogy of important personalities of the Riesenburg and Ossegg family

Genealogy not definitively proven

  1. Všebor I († before 1061 ), was probably an important figure in Bohemia at that time. From the documents of King Vratislav II it appears that a certain Všebor donated his village Lodín to the Břevnov monastery
    1. Všebor II. († before 1073 )
      1. Kojata , is mentioned as the administrator of Bilin Castle and Bilin County from 1061 to 1068 . In the following 35 years there are no entries about other persons in the historical records.
        1. Grabissa the Great (Hrabeš Veliký also Hrabeš I) († 1158 ), was 1103-1109 the highest chamberlain and advisor to Duke Bořivoj II.
          1. Hrabischitzer not proven
            1. Heralt Gerardus († 1122 ) (for continuation see proven genealogy)
            2. Vschebor III. de Vinarec , mentioned in 1172
            3. Grabissa II. (Hrabiš II.), Highest chamberlain from 1180 to 1183 at the latest (* around 1120 ; († November 6, 1197 )
            4. Kojata III. , Vice Chamberlain 1185–1187
              1. Olen , mentioned in 1121
              2. Boresch (Boreš), mentioned 1091
              3. Olen , mentioned before 1091

Proven genealogy

  1. Heralt Gerardus or Kojata III.
    1. Grabissa III. (Hrabiš III.) († 1197), highest chamberlain 1188–1189, and 1191–1197
      1. Grabissa IV. (Hrabiš IV.) († around 1197)
      2. Kojata IV. Also Kojata von Brüx (Kojata z Mostu) († 1228 ), mentioned in 1207 as a waiter, married to Vratislava
      3. Vschebor IV. Also Svebor von Schwabenitz (Všebor IV. Ze Švábenic) († around 1224 ), mentioned since 1190
        1. Svatochna , mentioned 1234–1258, married to Slavibor z Drnovic
        2. Euphemie (Eufémie), mentioned from 1232–1268 together with her sister they belong to the founders of the Lords of Schwabenitz (ze Švábenic)
    2. Slauko the Great (Slávek Veliký also Slávek I.) († 1226 ), around 1207 burgrave in Bilin, highest chamberlain from 1198 to 1202 and 1212 to 1226. Slávek foundedthe towns of Schlackenwerth and Schlaggenwald near Elbogen . At the end of the 12th century he approved the establishment of the Cistercian monastery in Ossegg .
      1. Grabissa V. (Hrabiš V.), mentioned 1197–1203
      2. Bohuslav I. von Hrabischitz (* around 1180; † 1241 ), royal chamberlain
        1. Slauko III. (Slavek III.) († before February 28, 1250 in Ossegg) (1234 to 1240 Abbot of Ossegg , then until 1249 Bishop of Pomesanien with seat in Marienwerder , Teutonic Order)
        2. Boresch II. Von Riesenburg (also Bohuslav II. De Riesenburg ) (* around 1201 ; † before 1278 ), Supreme Marshal, Supreme Chamberlain. He was married to Richardis. Ancestor of the noble family von Riesenburg (Czech z Rýzmburka )
    3. Boresch I. (Boreš I.) († before 1207 , mentioned 1188
      1. Slauko II. (Slavek II.), Mentioned 1207–1209
      2. Odolen, mentioned 1224-1238
        1. Bohuslav, mentioned 1232-1234
          1. Odolen von Chiesch (Odolen z Chýše), mentioned 1254–1289, ancestor of the Lords of Egerberg (z Egerberka)

Personalities

Kojata I.

In the middle of the 11th century Kojata belonged to the important members of the royal court Vratislav II. He was the administrator of the small but strategically important Přemyslid castle Bílina (Bilin). In the 12th century Kojata's descendants continued to champion the interests of the Přemyslids in the Bohemian-Saxon border area as representatives of the Prague princes . Although he had a good relationship with the royal court, he was the prince's chamberlain, he fell out with Vratislav in 1068 because he supported the election of his brother Jaromír as Prague bishop . His fiery speech led to resistance from those present and the population against the king, who then had to give in to public opinion. Jaroslav was elected despite opposition from the king. After his deed, Kojata hastily fled from Vratislav's sphere of influence. In 1277 he bequeathed part of his fortune near the city of Chotzen to the brothers Sezima and Milota, called Hocen.

Grabisch II. (1120–1197)

( Hrabiš II in Czech ) was elected chamberlain to the newly formed council of King Frederick of Bohemia after the bloody battles for the throne of Bohemia . Who his father was is controversial in historical literature and can only be traced back to references. Some historians suspect Grabissa the Great , who was about 70 years old at the time of his birth, others Kojata II. Son vom Olen is also considered, who is mentioned again and again in the Chronica Boemorum at this time. From the appointment as chamberlain in 1180 it can be concluded that the Hrabischitzers held a certain social position in the country at that time. In 1183, Hroznata z Peruce took over the office and Grabisch II. Received for his loyal service from Duke Malmirostrov a former settlement near Weseritz , which he gave to the Johannitern '. Grabisch died on November 6, 1197.

Grabissa III. († 1197)

(Czech: Hrabiš III. ) Kojatov's descendants continued to represent the interests of the Přemyslids in the Bohemian-Saxon area as castellans in Bílina. He is considered one of the possible founders of the monastery of the Crusaders Protector of the Divine Tomb together with the Church of St. Peter and Paul and Parish Church of St. Wenceslas in Zderaz (New Town in Prague). In 1188 under Duke Friedrich , he exercised the office of chamberlain. After the ruler's death in 1189, Duke Konrad III. Otto Hermann von Markwartitz (Heřman z Markvartic) his successor. Two years later, the Duke dies while on a political trip in Italy. After Ottokar came to power , Grabissa took office again and held it until his death in 1197. He was often accompanied by his brother Slauko, who served as a witness in his business. Slauko had his remains buried in the Osek monastery .

Boresch I. (1188-1209)

Purschenstein Castle , not far from Sayda , was founded under the third brother, Borso I. For a long time, Czech research assumed that the castle was not built until the second quarter of the 13th century under Borso II, but, in view of more recent archaeological finds, is increasingly tending to start building around 1200.

Vschebor IV. († about 1224)

also Svebor von Schwabenitz (Czech Všebor IV. ze Švábenic ), was first born in 1199 with his father Hrabisch III. mentioned. In 1207 his name appears for the second time, but only indirectly, when Slauko I requested the permission of the sons of Hrabisch to donate parts of the property to the Ossegg monastery. From 1220 he is named in various documents as a leading nobleman. Before 1224 he made donations to the convent of the Crusaders. He died with no offspring. Little is known about his financial situation. Only lands that he bequeathed to the crusaders of God's tomb in Prague are proven. These included the village of Horauschen , Dobrovíz , Lindau , Dreihunken and Kopitz .

Slavko III.

In 1238, Slavko III became the abbot of the new monastery. from Hrabischitz. The construction of the monastery buildings was completed under his reign. In 1240 Slavko, abbot of the monastery of Ossegg, acquired part of the village Liquitz ( Libkovice ) from his relative Wenzel von Hrabischitz . The place was first mentioned in 1186 in the deed of donation from Prince Friedrich, in which he confirmed the donation of the village to the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem . After a few years Slavko III went. in the mission to the Prussians , and was probably in the diocese Pomesania (headquarters: Marienwerder ) Bishop . (The existence of a giant castle there is interesting.)

Bohuslav III.

His son Bohuslav II was the first to use the name Riesenburg . On Bohuslav's document dated February 10, 1315, there is a seal with Boresch's coat of arms. A hand is holding a rake with seven prongs on the sloping shield (hence Hrabischitz). The knight's helmet above the shield is adorned as a jewel with eagle wings, twigs on both sides and a cross with the inscription Secretum Borsonis Risembori.

literature

  • Hans Beschorner : The rule Riesenburg and its owners until the transition to Wettin ownership i. J. 1398. In: Research on the history of Saxony and Bohemia. Dresden 1937. pp. 92–128.
  • Volkmar Geupel : The medieval development of the Hrabischitz in the Saxon Ore Mountains . Communications of the Working Group for Archeology in the Middle Ages and Modern Times 8, 1997 online version
  • Volkmar Geupel / Yves Hoffmann : Archaeological finds from Sayda in the Ore Mountains. In: Jana Kubková / Jan Klápště / Martin Ježek / Petr Meduna among others (eds.): Zivot v archeologii středověku. Life in archeology of the Middle Ages. Festschrift for Miroslav Richter and Zdeněk. Praha 1997. pp. 185-191. ISBN 80-902465-0-8 . [At the end of the article, classification of the town development of Sayda in the development of the Hrabischitze with a current summary of the controversies between German and Czech archaeologists and historians regarding the dating.]
  • Mario Feuerbach: The Cistercian monastery Ossegg. Building history and design from the foundation in 1196 to the year 169 1, Heimbach / Eifel 2009. ISBN 978-3-8107-9306-5 .

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Individual evidence

  1. Tomáš Velímský: Hrabišici páni z Rýzmburka, p. 12 ff.
  2. Cosmas of Prague: Chronica Boemorum, Chapter XIX
  3. Tomáš Velímský: Hrabišici páni z Rýzmburka ISBN 80-7106-498-X , p. 15
  4. Tomáš Velímský: Hrabišici páni z Rýzmburka ISBN 80-7106-498-X
  5. ^ A b Cosmas of Prague: Chronica Boemorum
  6. ^ Tomáš Velímský: Hrabišici, Páni z Rýzmburka
  7. Řád křižovníků -s červeným křížem - Strážců Božího hrobu (PDF; 1.1 MB)
  8. ^ Tomáš Velímský: Hrabišici Všebor a Kojata