Chrudim

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Chrudim
Chrudim coat of arms
Chrudim (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Pardubický kraj
District : Chrudim
Area : 3320 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 57 '  N , 15 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 57 '4 "  N , 15 ° 47' 44"  E
Height: 240  m nm
Residents : 23,151 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 537 01
structure
Status: city
Districts: 8th
administration
Mayor : Petr Řezníček (as of: 06/2017)
Address: Resselovo nám. 77
537 16 Chrudim
Municipality number: 571164
Website : www.chrudim-city.cz
Location of Chrudim in the Chrudim District
map
Church of the Assumption
Chrudim main square with plague column from 1717 to 1734
Mydlář House, now a puppet museum
Chrudim railway station

Chrudim (German older also: Crudim ) is a town in the East Bohemian Pardubický kraj . It is located on the Chrudimka on the Havlíčkův Brod – Pardubice railway , from which the Chrudim – Chrudim město railway branches off.

history

Chrudim was probably founded in the 9th century. It was first mentioned in a document in 1055, when the Bohemian prince Břetislav I died there. Even then it was an important administrative center with a royal castle of the Přemyslids . After 1162 it came to the Premyslid branch of the Diepoldinger ( Děpoltici ) who ruled here as princes until 1231. A craft and market center developed around the prince's castle, which was elevated to a royal city and the prince's castle to a royal castle under King Ottokar II . At the beginning of the 14th century, Chrudim, along with other East Bohemian cities, became the city of treasures for Bohemian queens. In the middle of the 14th century it became the center of the old Bohemian Chrudim District . During the Hussite Wars , the royal castle, which stood not far from the later Archdeanate Church, was destroyed. Its structural remains were removed in the 19th century.

After the Hussite Wars , Chrudim was able to acquire significant land holdings outside the city, which, however, were confiscated without compensation after the class uprising of 1547 was put down. As a result, the city's economic development stagnated for decades. The Capuchin monastery was founded in 1641, but construction did not begin until 1656. The associated monastery church of St. Joseph developed into a well-known place of pilgrimage from the end of the 17th century (miraculous Salvator picture).

From the middle of the 18th century there was an economic boom through textile production. The city was also an agricultural market center for the surrounding country. The horse markets also gained importance. On August 6, 1850, a major fire destroyed the Katharinenvorstadt and parts of the Johannesvorstadt. With the railway connection in 1871, industrialization was promoted. The manufacture of tubular steel towers for wind turbines, alcohol and agricultural machines is of economic importance.

City structure

  • Chrudim I (inner city)
  • Chrudim II (Neustadt)
  • Chrudim III (Katharina-Vorstadt)
  • Chrudim IV (Johannes-Vorstadt) including the incorporated village of Markovice (German: Markowitz , Sankt Markus (1350)).
  • Medlešice ( Medleschitz , older also Messlesitz (1384), Mesileschitz , Messleschitz )
  • Topol ( Topol , older also Toppole (1399))
  • Vestec ( Westetz ; older also Steinmetzendorf (1399))
  • Vlčnov ( Wiltschnau , Wulschnau (1346))

Attractions

  • Archdean Church of the Assumption in the market center
  • Remains of the city fortifications
  • Old Town Hall
  • Plague column, created by Ignaz Rohrbach
  • Jewish Cemetery
  • Puppet Museum in the Mydlář House on the Market Square ( Resselovo náměstí )

Town twinning

Stumbling blocks

On September 20, 2017, the first eleven stumbling blocks were laid in Chrudim for victims of the Holocaust , including the dentist Artur Pachner . The installation was carried out by Gunter Demnig . After a memorial that was inaugurated in the Jewish cemetery in Chrudim in 2012, it is another reminder of Jewish citizens who were murdered in concentration camps. In 1942 a total of 87 Jewish citizens from Chrudim were deported to concentration camps, 80 of whom never returned.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Lived and worked in the place

literature

Web links

Commons : Chrudim  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Chrudim in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ http://digitool.is.cuni.cz:1801/view/action/nmets.do?DOCCHOICE=1026743.xml&dvs=1394968817800~538&locale=de_DE&search_terms=&adjacency=&VIEWER_URL=/view/action/nLEmets.do ? . & 3 & divType = & COPYRIGHTS_DISPLAY_FILE = license_mapy
  3. ↑ http://archivnimapy.cuzk.cz/coc/2659-1/2659-1-006_index.html
  4. ↑ http://archivnimapy.cuzk.cz/coc/2659-1/2659-1-003_index.html
  5. ↑ a b c d Antonín Profous : Místní jména v Čechách - Jejich vznik, původní význam a změny .
  6. ↑ Antonin Profous: Místní jména v Čechách: Vznik jejich, Původ, význam a změny . Vol. I.-III, Česká akademie věd a umění, Praha
  7. ↑ http://www.chrudim.eu/partnerska-mesta/d-1728/p1=1104
  8. ↑ Alžběta Langová: Prvníkomy zmizelých - stolpersteine ​​- budou položeny v Chrudimi , in Chrudimský zpravodaj 9/2017 (September 2017), p. 14, online at: chrudim.eu/assets / ...
  9. ↑ Kameny zmizelých v Chrudimi položeny. Ve středu 20. září bylo v Chrudimi položeno prvních 11 Kamenů zmizelých (stumbling blocks) , report from the Chrudim City Office (Městský úřad Chrudim), official website of the city, online at: chrudim.eu/vismo / ...
  10. ↑ Chronicle (September 2017), official website of G. Demnig, online at: stolpersteine.eu/