Vápenný Podol

Vápenný Podol
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Pardubický kraj
District :	Chrudim
Area :	913 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 53 ′  N , 15 ° 40 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 53 ′ 21 ″  N , 15 ° 40 ′ 0 ″  E
Height:	477  m nm
Residents :	299 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	538 03 - 538 09
License plate :	E.
traffic
Street:	Seč - Heřmanův Městec
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	3
administration
Mayor :	Jan Motl (as of 2018)
Address:	Vápenný Podol 74 538 03 Heřmanův Městec
Municipality number:	572454
Website :	www.vapennypodol.cz

Place view

St. Wenceslas Church

Part of the village

Lower lime kiln

Abandoned cliff of the Podol limestone rock

Vápenný Podol (German Kalkpodol ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers north of Seč and belongs to the Okres Chrudim .

geography

The village of Vápenný Podol, surrounded by extensive forests, is located in the valley of the Podolský potok or Podolka in the Iron Mountains ( Železné hory ). State road II / 341 between Seč and Heřmanův Městec runs through the village . To the west of the village, on the Boukalka hill, there is the debris dump of the Prachovice limestone quarry. To the north rises the Synec (508 m nm), in the northeast the Smrt (461 m nm), southeast the Smrčina (544 m nm), in the south the Na Hranicích (565 m nm) and southwest Bučina (606 m nm).

Neighboring towns are Kostelec u Heřmanova Městce , Nerozhovice and Úherčice in the north, Dolany, Holičky, Janovice, Palučiny and Zbyhněvice in the Northeast, Cítkov the east, Rtenín, Nové Lhotice and Hrbokov the southeast, Nutice in the south, Kraskov and Skoranov in the southwest, Prachovice and the desert of Boukalka in the west and Tasovice in the north-west.

history

It is believed that Podol was founded at the transition from the 13th to the 14th century and belonged to the estates of the Lords of Zaječice. The village was first mentioned in writing in 1513, when Jan von Kunčí, son of the Chrudim primator Viktorin von Kunčí, passed his inheritance from the villages of Vápenný Podol, Cítkov, Lány and Nutice including meadows, ponds and the limestone mountain to Nikolaus Trčka von Lípa sold on Lichtenburg . After the death of Wilhelm Trčka from Lípa on Vlašim , his cousin of the same name on Veliš inherited the villages of Skupice, Janovice, Zbyhněvice, Cítkov, Sušice, Slavkovice , Hody, Prachovice, Tasovice, Nutice and Podol Vápenný in 1556 . At the end of the 16th century, the owners of the Stolany estate , Václav Ples Heřmanský from Sloupno and his wife Eliška Andělka from Ronovec, bought the villages of Podol Vápenný , Nutice, Cítkov, Boukalka and Hrbokov to their estate.

After the death of Václav Ples in 1603, his son Zigmund Jan inherited the extensive, but also heavily indebted Stolany estate. He divided it and in the same year sold a share to Emperor Rudolf II. A little later he sold the other part to Stephan Georg von Sternberg on Postelberg , who sold it on to King Rudolf II. The Stolany manor was then connected to the Pardubice Chamberlain for a few years until Rudolf II sold it to Ladislaus Berka von Dubá in 1608 , who combined it with the Heřmanův Městec manor.

After the death of the childless Johann Dietrich Berka von Dubá, the rule of Heřmanův Městec with the Stolany estate fell to his sister Anna Maria Josephine von Khysl in 1636 . In 1661 she sold the rule to Johann von Sporck . In 1711, the later Chrudimer district chief Johann Joseph von Sporck inherited the rule. He had several new bathhouses built at the St. Wenceslas Spring, in which in 1726 he dedicated one to St. Wenceslas donated the chapel. He had an Ivanite hermitage built in Podol to look after the chapel. In the course of the Josephine reforms , the hermitage was abolished and a locality was founded in Podol in 1785. In 1788, instead of the chapel, the Religious Fund, with the help of the Hrbokov church property, built the Church of St. Wenceslaus erected and manned by a local chaplain. After the death of Johann Wenzel von Sporck , the rule was sold to Philipp Anton von Greiffenclau in 1798 . In 1802 he had a new, large bathhouse built. In 1823 parks were also created in the valley of the Podoler Bach. In 1828 the Greiffenclauschen heirs sold the rule to Rudolf Joseph Prince Kinsky .

In 1835 the village of Podol , also called Kalk-Podol , in Chrudim County , consisted of 27 houses in which 193 people lived. The local church of St. Wenceslas and the school were under the patronage of the authorities. There was also a stately civil servants' house, two stately lime kilns, a brandy distillery, a mill and many small dilapidated lime kilns owned by the inhabitants. In the middle of the village rose the Podol limestone , a large rocky hill from which the limestone was quarried from almost all sides. The carbonated and calcareous spring, known as St. Wenceslas Bath , which rises from the limestone rock, was mainly visited by guests from the region. The main sources of income for the inhabitants were the breaking and burning of lime, the trade in quicklime and some agriculture and animal husbandry. Podol was the parish and school location for Baukalka ( Boukalka ), Chitkow ( Cítkov ), Hrbokow ( Hrbokov ), Neroshowitz ( Nerozhovice ), Nutitz ( Nutice ), Prachowitz , Rtein ( Rtenín ) and Tassowitz ( Tasovice ). Until the middle of the 19th century, Podol remained subject to the allodial rule of Heřmanmiestetz.

After the abolition of patrimonial Podolí formed from 1849 with the districts Cítkov, Hrbokov, Nutice and Nerozhovice a municipality in the judicial district of Chrudim . Prachovice was schooled in 1865. From 1868 the municipality belonged to the political district of Chrudim . In the years 1881–1882 the Přelouč – Kalkpodol railway was built with a freight branch line from Tasovice to Prachovice. Since the 1880s Podol was used as an official municipality name; During this time, Boukalka was also run as a district.

In 1905 the Ministry of the Interior approved the merger of the villages Podol and Nutice into one village Vápenný Podol / Kalkpodol . As a result, the house numbering of Nutice was changed and connected to that of Podol. On January 9, 1920 the parish was divided into two parishes: Hrbokov and Vápenný Podol (with Cítkov and Nerozhovice).

Because of the expansion of the Prachovice limestone quarry, the settlement of Boukalka, located between it and the Vápenný Podol limestone quarry, was relocated in the 1950s. In 1965 limestone mining was stopped near Vápenný Podol. In the same year, the Upper Lime Kiln that stood in front of the cemetery was demolished and the village shop is now located in its place. The deep break in the middle of the village with its steep walls and groundwater-filled lakes became a tourist attraction. Because of the enlargement of the limestone quarry near Prachovice, a new road connection between Prachovice and Vápenný Podol was established in 1975, which leads south around the Bučina. In 1976, backfilling of the deep quarry began with overburden from the Prachovice limestone quarry. The passenger train service between Tasovice and Vápenny Podol was stopped in January 1977, the following year the tracks were dismantled. Vapenný Podol has had a coat of arms and a banner since 2014.

St. Wenceslas Bath / Lázně sv. Václava

The earliest news of the strong healing spring rising on the Podol limestone cliffs dates from 1586. The water was probably already used for bathing purposes at that time. A description from the year 1659 shows that the spring water was introduced into a cubic reservoir with a dimension of approx. One and a half meters and from this it was pumped into a channel to the bath house built next to the stream. A perforation of the bedrock for the direct inflow was not possible because of the extremely fissured rock.

At the time of the great heyday of the spa industry, Johann Joseph von Sporck had the three bathing houses "Zum Schwarzen Adler", "Zum Weißen Löwen" and "Zum Türkenkopf" built at the St. Wenzels source after 1711 St. Wenceslas donated the chapel. An investigation of the water and description of the St. Wenceslas Baths in Podol was carried out in 1725 by the Landphysicus of the Czaslauer Kreis, Johann Adam Veith. The bathing season lasted from May 1st to St. Wenceslas . Regular bathers included Johann Joseph's brother, the auxiliary bishop of Prague, Johann Rudolf von Sporck, and his uncle Franz Anton von Sporck .

In 1802, Philipp Anton von Greiffenclau had a new, spacious bathhouse with twelve bathrooms and 22 living rooms as well as an inn and stables built to make better use of the spring water of the St. Wenceslas Baths. Greiffenclau had the water re-examined by the Chrudimer Kreisphysicus Karl Hattwich. This certified that the water from the spring has a healing effect on joints, muscles, nerves, eyes, liver and stomach diseases. In 1823, parks were created in the valley below the baths for bathers to take walks. In the period that followed, the spa lost its importance and was mainly visited by spa guests from the region.

The bath was revived in the middle of the 19th century through the annual visits to the spa by Václav Kliment Klicpera and friends. Ferdinand Bonaventura Kinsky von Wchinitz and Tettau had the somewhat neglected spa repaired in 1870. In 1903 Josef Fišer-Novotný from Smíchov donated a 0.8 m high statuette of St. Mary made by the Prague company Krejčík to the spa. Wenceslas, which was given its place in a niche opposite the medicinal water reservoir. At the beginning of the 20th century Jaroslav Vrchlický and Svatopluk Čech were among the guests, the latter signed a poem in the bath's memorial book.

In 1919, Prince Karl Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau donated the St. Wenceslas Bath with all the buildings to the municipality of Vápenný Podol. She had the bath repaired by the builder Netušil from Heřmanův Městec. The stable building was converted into a residential building (No. 7). After the work was completed, the municipality leased the bath to Rudolf Urbánek in November 1920. In 1927 the spa on Antonín Štěpánek was sold. The intensive, increasingly in-depth limestone quarrying finally let the mineral spring dry up. The bathing operation was stopped around 1940.

Lime extraction and processing

The granular limestone and marble of the Podol limestone rock has probably been quarried and burned since the village was founded. Extensive limestone quarries near Podol, Nutice and Prachovice were mentioned as early as 1577. In addition to the production of quicklime, the stone was also used for artistic purposes. In 1793 the cenotaph for Leopold II was made with Podol marble; likewise the main altar of the Chrudim Dechanteikirche Assumption of Mary and the altar pedestal in the castle Kačina .

Initially around the limestone rock in the middle of the village, later also in the area from Podol and Nutice to Cítkov or Boukalka and Prachovice, a large number of small quarries were built; Numerous small, open wood-burning lime kilns were also operated in the village. The right to mine the lime lay with the landlord, but due to a lack of interest in self-construction, it was mostly left to the subjects. At the beginning of the 19th century, the owners of the Heřmanův Městec lordship recognized the exploitation method as unsuitable and ordered the operation of larger communal quarries. In the second half of the 19th century the last small quarries had disappeared, the limestone was broken by entrepreneurial quarries.

Gunpowder was first used in 1850 ; before the rock was broken with wooden, later with iron wedges. Work with dynamite began in 1874 . With the industrial sugar production , Podol lime, which until then was almost exclusively burnt and sold as quicklime , found a new market from 1868 onwards. The increasing scarcity of wood led to considerations to use coal as fuel instead. For this, however, better kilns were required, for which the individual lime burners lacked the money. The company for lime production founded in Prachovice in 1864 under the name "První spolek k vyrábění vápna ve Vápenném Podole" had a lime kiln with two kilns built in Podol in 1872 by the builder Patleich from Hietzing . In 1873 a joint-stock association was established with 15 partners, which had its lime kiln built opposite the cemetery, which was fed by an elevator from the Tiefen Bruch. Both companies merged in 1878, but separated again after six years.

The construction of the Přelouč – Kalkpodol railway line made it possible to deliver lime to the East Bohemian sugar factories from 1882 onwards, in addition to traditional horse-drawn transport, as well as by rail. The lime demand, which increased sharply due to the discovery of saturation in sugar production, led to a boom in Podol's lime quarries and distilleries in the 1890s. Large limestone quarries were operated around the village, and the deep quarry was located in the place of the limestone rock. The limestone quarry boom also attracted the interest of large companies. While the Prachowice limestone quarry had been owned by D. Berl - Kalkbrüche since 1882 , the Podol limestone quarries were operated by various entrepreneurs, including D. Berl.

In May 1913, the Böhmische Handelsgesellschaft (BHG) in Ausig bought the limestone quarries from FV Fiala from Königgrätz . In the same year she also bought A. Slavík, O. Kulhavy and J. Pavlíček's quarries and applied to the municipality to buy the quarry. In January 1914, the “D. Berl - Kalkbrüche ”transferred their property in Kalkpodol to the BHG. She had the Berlgut demolished in May 1914 and began a month later at Kalkpodol station with the construction of a ring furnace with a daily capacity of 40 tons. The new kiln with its 42 m high chimney was completed in December 1914. In 1915, the new BHG lime works received a siding . In the following year, the BHG from Tiefen Bruch had a conveyor tunnel driven through the rock below the Niederdorf; he crossed under the village square at number 14. In 1917, the BHG bought the property of "První spolek k vyrábění vápna ve Vápenném Podole". In the 1930s, D. Berl, whose quarries in Prachovice had become uneconomical, sought to merge with the Podol fractions of BHG in a joint stock company. However, the merger did not materialize. After the German occupation , BHG became part of the Flick Group; after the end of the Second World War it was nationalized and the Podoler Kalkwerke was subordinated to the České cementárny a vápenice (CEVA). After the expansion and modernization of the Prachovice plant, which was completed in 1958, CEVA gradually shut down its obsolete lime works Závratec, Železný Brod and Vápenný Podol and converted the production of the Jesenný lime works in the 1960s ; instead, a new lime works was built in Kunčice .

On July 1, 1965, the lime mining in Vápenný Podol was stopped; the important lime camp Boukalka could also be reached through further expansion of the Prachovic quarry and the lime could be easily transported to the local cement works. After the lime works at Vápenný Podol train station had been demolished, the chimney was blown up in 1976. In 2007, the municipality built a waste separation center on the concreted area of ​​the former lime works.

From 1976, the deep quarry was first filled with the overburden from the Prachovice lime quarry. The rest of the Podol quarries were also backfilled later, so that today little is reminiscent of the extensive Podol lime mining. The former limestone quarry west of the village on the Boukalka is currently being filled with overburden from Prachovice.

Community structure

The municipality Vápenný Podol consists of the districts Cítkov ( Zitkow ), Nerozhovice ( Neroschowitz ) and Vápenný Podol ( Kalkpodol ), which also form cadastral districts. Vápenný Podol also includes the settlement of Nutice ( Nutitz ) and part of the Boukalka ( Baukalka ) desert .

Attractions

• Late baroque church of St. Wenceslas, built in 1788 instead of a chapel from 1726. On June 25, 2008, a tornado damaged the church tower and part of the roof. In 2009 the church was repaired.
• Lower lime kiln, built at the end of the 19th century, a cultural monument
• Torso of the oldest lime kiln by the church, starting point of the nature trail
• The cliff of the Podol limestone rock , above the church
• Memorial stone for the victims of the First World War
• Karst caves "Páterova jeskyně" and "Podolská jeskyně" in the former limestone quarry area west of the village, they were discovered in 1944 and 1965 respectively. Their sometimes narrow and flooded rooms and karst channels are 150 and 230 m long. The caves are located on the fenced-in overburden area of ​​the Prachovice lime works and are not open to the public.
• Nature trail on the history of limestone mining in Vápenný Podol and Prachovice
• Desert castle Rozpakov near Nerozhovice

Sons and daughters of the church

• Franz Ruttner (1882–1961), limnologist
• Jaroslava Vobrubová-Koutecká (1891–1969), translator
• Vojtěch Heřmanský (* 1934), technologist

Web links

• History of Vápenný Podol
• Lime industry in the Iron Mountains

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/572454/Vapenny-Podol
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 5: Chrudimer Kreis. Prague 1837, pp. 24-25
4. ↑ http://www.vapennypodol.cz/obecni-symboly/d-1066/p1=1080
5. ^ Veith, Johann Adam: Thermae Podolenses a novo nesurgentes beato Venceslav votae . Prague, 1725
6. ↑ Hattwich, Karl: The mineral water to Podoll in Böhmens Chrudimer Kreise , Prague 1805
7. ↑ History of the St. Wenceslas Bath
8. ↑ Od těžby vápenců, přes výrobu vápna po moderní cementárnu v Prachovicích
9. ↑ Vápenopodolské Lamani
10. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/572454/Obec-Vapenny-Podol
11. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/572454/Obec-Vapenny-Podol
12. ^ Description of the St. Wenceslas Church
13. ↑ Podolská and Paterová jeskyně