Johann von Sporck
Johann von Sporck , from 1647 baron , from 1664 Count von Sporck (born January 6, 1600 at the Sporckhof in Westerloh in the prince-bishopric of Paderborn ; † August 6, 1679 at Hermannstädtel Castle , Bohemia ) was a Bavarian and later an imperial general of the cavalry .
Life
Sporck was born around 1600 as the son of Franz Nolte called Sporck and a daughter of Jobst Sporck on the Sporckhof, a bardenhauerstead ( Viertelmeier ) in Westerloh. The marriage produced four sons and a daughter, and two sons also made military careers.
At a young age Sporck went into Bavarian service as a rider , in which he participated for almost the entire Thirty Years War . For a long time Sporck served as a cornett in the Boenninghaus regiment. The first battle he took part in was the Battle of White Mountain near Prague in 1620 . For his brave behavior in the Battle of Jankau in March 1645, Sporck became major general . After the armistice in Ulm in March 1647, he entered the imperial service with Johann von Werth , was appointed field marshal lieutenant, on October 12, 1647 raised to the rank of baron and entrusted with the Bohemian indigenous community .
Later Sporck served under General Raimondo Montecuccoli against the Swedes in Poland as well as with the allied army, which drove the Swedes from Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark from 1657 to 1660 , with Sporck commanding the entire cavalry during this campaign. Then he fought in Hungary with Montecuccoli against the Turks and with his cavalry regiments had a major share in the victory at St. Gotthardt an der Raab on August 1, 1664. On August 23, he was rewarded as imperial count and general over the entire cavalry appointed. Sporck also fought successfully against the insurgents in the Hungarian Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy against Emperor Leopold I in 1670. Most recently he served with Montecuccoli in 1674/1675 against the French in the Netherlands and on the Rhine .
Sporck then took his leave and died on August 6, 1679 in his castle in Sibiu in Bohemia. He was the lord of seven estates in Bohemia that Emperor Leopold I had given him for his loyal service. His bustling eldest son Franz Anton inherited most of his property. Sporck is buried in the deanery church built on his behalf in Lissa on the Elbe .
Museum reception
In the Vienna Army History Museum there is a larger than life portrait of Count von Sporck. A special exhibit at the same location is Sporck's riding armor (field küriss ), which impressively demonstrates its oversized form and weighs 36 kg. Due to its elaborate design, the equestrian armor, which was made around 1630/40, is an outstanding example of German armorer's art . The harness was removed from the Špork family in 1858 the kk - Arsenal in 1886 and from the Lord Chamberlain Office handed over to the former army museum.
Through the imperial resolution of Franz Joseph I of February 28, 1863, Sporck was added to the list of the "most famous warlords and generals of Austria worthy of perpetual emulation" , in whose honor and memory there was also a life-size statue in the military hall of the then newly erected kk Hofwaffenmuseums (today: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Wien) was built. The statue was created in 1870 by the sculptor Ludwig Schimek (1837–1886) from Carrara marble and was dedicated by Emperor Franz Joseph himself.
Afterlife
- The General-Sporck-Lied is still sung by the St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft Geseke 1412 eV .
- There is a Sporckstraße in Delbrück and Hövelhof .
- In 1913 the Sporckplatz in Vienna Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus (15th district) and Ottakring (16th district) was named after him.
- Rainer Maria Rilke set a literary monument to the general in his story Die Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke .
literature
- Sporck (Johann Reichs-Graf von). In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 39, Leipzig 1744, column 367 f.
- Georg Joseph Rosenkranz: Count Johann von Sporck, kk general of the cavalry. Paderborn 1854, GoogleBooks
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Spork, Johann Graf . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 36th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1878, pp. 235–238 ( digitized version ).
- Felix Stieve: Sporck, Johann Graf von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 264-267.
- Wilhelm John , Wilhelm Erben : Catalog of the kuk Heeresmuseum , Vienna 1903; Pp. 111-114.
- Hubert Rösel: Johann Graf Sporck (1595–1679) and Franz Anton (1662–1743) . In: Westfälische Lebensbilder Vol. 11, Münster 1975, pp. 203–226.
- Wilhelm Honselmann : Johann Graf von Sporck (1600–1679) and his relatives in the Delbrücker Land . In: Westfälische Zeitschrift 136 (1986), pp. 319-334.
- Helmut Lahrkamp: A Sporck portrait from 1644 . In: Zeitschrift Westfalen 74, 1996, p. 164 f.
Web links
- A short biography of Count Johann von Sporck (with references)
- Street names of the municipality of Hövelhof and their meaning: Sporkstraße (PDF; 12 kB)
- biography
- Literature by and about Johann von Sporck in the catalog of the German National Library
- Search for "Johann von Sporck" in the German Digital Library
- Search for "Johann von Sporck" in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
- Literature list in the online catalog of the Berlin State Library
- General Spork song
Individual evidence
- ↑ The date of birth is not saved. Cf. Honselmann 1986: 320, especially note 2; Zedler states 1607.
- ↑ Farmers and farmer classes in Westenholz ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 74 kB)
- ↑ Comprehensive on Spork's relationship: Honselmann 1986, p. 320ff.
- ↑ See Honselmann 1986, p. 320
- ↑ a b Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck : The Army History Museum Vienna. Hall I - The 17th Century , Salzburg 1982, p. 61
- ^ Manfried Rauchsteiner , Manfred Litscher (Ed.): The Army History Museum in Vienna. Graz, Vienna 2000 p. 15.
- ↑ Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck : The Army History Museum Vienna. The museum and its representative rooms . Kiesel Verlag, Salzburg 1981, ISBN 3-7023-0113-5 , p. 32
- ↑ Street names of the municipality Hövelhof and their meaning: Sporkstraße ( Memento of the original from October 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 12 kB)
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Sporck, Johann von |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sporck, Johann Freiherr von; Sporck, Johann Graf von |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Imperial and royal Austrian general of the cavalry |
DATE OF BIRTH | around 1600 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Sporckhof in Westerloh (today part of Delbrück ) |
DATE OF DEATH | August 6, 1679 |
Place of death | Hermannstädtel Castle , Bohemia |