Hrochův Týnec

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Hrochův Týnec
Coat of arms of Hrochův Týnec
Hrochův Týnec (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Pardubický kraj
District : Chrudim
Area : 1249 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 58 '  N , 15 ° 55'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 57 '34 "  N , 15 ° 54' 38"  E
Height: 241  m nm
Residents : 2,021 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 538 62
License plate : E.
traffic
Street: Chrudim - Zámrsk
Railway connection: Heřmanův Městec – Borohrádek
structure
Status: city
Districts: 5
administration
Mayor : Petr Schejbal (as of 2018)
Address: Smetanova 25
538 62 Hrochův Týnec
Municipality number: 571491
Website : www.hrochuvtynec.cz
Preserved row of houses on the market
Church of St. Martin
Hrochův Týnec Castle, west view
Friedrich Simony's birthplace

Hrochův Týnec (German Hrochowteinitz , also Hrochow-Teinitz ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers east of Chrudim and belongs to the Okres Chrudim .

geography

Hrochův Týnec is located on the Hrochotýnecká tabule ( Hrochowteinitzer Tafel ) on the Ležák brook , which flows into the Novohradka on the northern outskirts . In the city, the state road I / 17 between Chrudim and Zámrsk crosses with the II / 355 between Pardubice and Chrast . The Heřmanův Městec – Borohrádek railway runs north .

Neighboring towns are Stíčany, Podbor and Bořice in the north, Bělešovice, Nové Holešovice and Lipec in the Northeast, Čankovice , Psotnov and Blížňovice the east, Skalice and Blansko in the southeast, Přestavlky , Trojovice , Řestoky and Honbice in the south, Nabočany and Kočí in the southwest, turyn and Dolní Bezděkov in the west and Vejvanovice and Hůrka in the northwest.

history

Little is known about the beginnings of the Týnec settlement. However, the ancient name suggests an early emergence. Jarozlaus de Tinec, mentioned in 1194, may have been the first verifiable owner of the Týnec fortress, but a reliable assignment is not possible due to the frequency of the place name. It is believed that in the second half of the 13th century a larger medieval parish village was founded between the fords through the Ležák and the Novohradka during the festivities on the medieval trade connection Trstenická stezka ( Strenitzer Steig ), which leads via Chrudim to Vysoké Mýto and Litomyšl . What is certain is that the Zvmprach de Tynch or Zumrak de Tynz, which can be documented between 1265 and 1271, was the owner of the Týnec fortress.

The first written mention of the settlement of Tynez , consisting of the fortress and some peasant farms, took place on June 27, 1293 as the property of Elias de Tynez . Other proven early landlords were Hereš from Týnec (1368) and Petr and Přibík from Týnec and Chroustovice (1397). The oldest evidence of the parish church of St. Martin comes from 1349.

Since 1448 the estate belonged to Jan Hroch von Týnec. The Vladiken family of the Hroch of Mezilesice held the property for a century. Since then the village has been called Hrochův Týnec . Hroch Týnecký, who owned Hrochův Týnec from 1513 to 1550, was succeeded by Peter Hamza von Zábědovice, who was also employed as administrator of the extensive Pernstein property on behalf of the young sons of Johann von Pernstein . King Ferdinand I made Hrochův Týnec a town in 1554 and gave it a coat of arms and a seal. After Peter Hamza's death in 1557 his widow Johanna inherited the property and left it to her second husband Prokop Štítný von Štítné. The following owners were from 1577 Adam and Johann Štítný von Štítné. Since the extinction of sex Štítný of Štítné after the death of the two childless brothers was foreseeable sold Adam Štítný of Štítné the festivals Hrochův Týnec with the eponymous town in 1583 Bohemian for 5750 groschen to Nicholas Popel of Lobkowicz in Nový hrad in Boží Dum . This acquired in 1584 from Johann d. Ä. Lukavecký of Lukavec added the fortress and the village of Bezděkov , united both estates and joined them to his rule Nový hrad. On his death he left three underage children (Anna, Nikolaus and Jan Viktorin) and high debts. The management of the three estates was taken over by his brother Ladislav the Elder from Lobkowitz, who in 1592 had his wife Maria Magdalena von Salm-Neuburg entered a land charge of 6150 Schock Bohemian Groschen in the country table .

When the estate was divided between his sons Nikolaus and Johann Viktorin von Lobkowitz, the rule Nový hrad was divided into the two dominions Hrochův Týnec and Nový hrad in 1594. The rule Hrochow-Teinitz with Bezděkov, which fell to Johann Viktorin von Lobkowitz, was expanded to include the northern part of the Nowyhrad villages (with the Rychta Řepníky , Střemošice and Zádolí ) as well as Svařeň and Libecina . The new rule thus consisted of two spatially separated parts around Hrochův Týnec and Řepníky, later a third separate part was added around Střítež in the Iron Mountains . Johann Viktorin von Lobkowitz died at a young age in 1595, his over-indebted rule was taken over by the creditor Johann Kolowrat -Bezdružický. After the battle of the White Mountain , the estate belonging to his son Ludwig Kolowrat-Bezdružický was confiscated. The following owners were Barons Zeller von Rosenthal from 1622 to 1706. In 1629, Kaspar Zeller von Rosenthal acquired the land-based Trojowitz estate and added it to the rule. During the Thirty Years' War the town was plundered and devastated several times by Swedish troops between 1639 and 1648, and the fortress was destroyed in the process. The parish also died out during the war and the church became a branch of Trojowitz .

During this time, a free town estate was separated, as its owner since 1644 David Fleischmann from Tumbach auf Woitz and Luschan and his wife Anna Katharina von Knobloch can be proven. From 1655 the Puchart Voděradský von Voděrady gentlemen owned the town, which was reunited with the rule in 1682.

On the initiative of Anna Beatrix Zeller von Rosenthal, a parish was founded again in Hrochow-Teinitz in 1689, to which the Trojowitz Church was assigned as a branch in 1704. The Barons Zeller von Rosenthal had a castle built to the northwest of the desert fortress. In 1694, Emperor Leopold I granted the town the privilege of holding four annual markets, which in 1698 he expanded to include the right to trade horses and cattle. Johann Wenzel Zeller von Rosenthal bequeathed the rule to the Premonstratensian monastery of Hradisko in 1706 . In 1718 the abbot Robert Sanci had the magnificent pilgrimage chapel of the Mother of God built on the Kopeček on the east side of the market. The village of Zásadí, north of the city, became extinct in the middle of the 18th century. Emperor Franz I gave the town further market privileges in 1765. After the abolition of the monastery, the rule fell to the Moravian Religious Fund in 1786 and was subject to the Imperial and Royal Bohemian State Property Administration. The construction of the Kaiserstraße between Chrudim and Hohenmauth , which took place between 1804 and 1815, brought the town an economic boom. In 1824 the estate was sold to Georg Prokop von Lilienwald; after his death it belonged to his son Gustav from 1828 to 1837, then his brother Adalbert.

In 1835, the Hrochow-Teinitz dominion in the Chrudim district comprised a total of 6233 yoke 1140 square fathoms on which 3804 Czech-speaking people lived, including four Protestant and one Israelite families. The main source of income was agriculture. The rule managed a farm in Hrochow-Teinitz, the other four in Střemoschitz , Trojowitz, Bezdiekau and Unter-Babakow ( Dolní Babákov ) had been emphyteutized since 1786. The forests comprised 2761 Metzen and were managed by the two forest districts Babakow and Střemoschitz. The rule of the market town Hrochow-Teinitz, the villages Bezdiekau belonged Hlina , Libecina , upper Babakov ( Horní Babákov ) Repnik , Střemoschitz, Střiteř , Swar ( Svařeň ) Trojowitz, sub-Babakov and Zadoly and shares of Čankowitz , Hluboka and White horse . The submissive market town and official town of Hrochow-Teinitz or Hrochowa Tegnice , also called Hrachow-Teinitz , located on the Moravian Post Road , consisted of 159 houses, mostly made of wood, in which 964 people, including an Israelite family, lived. In the place there was a stately castle with an orchard, a stately Meierhof, a dominikales brewery, a dominikales brandy house, a town hall, two inns and retreats and a mill. The parish church of St. Martin, the parish and the school were under the patronage of the authorities. The former pheasantry with a hunter's house was on the side. The market town had its own market judge and had its own red wax seal . Five insignificant annual markets were held in Hrochow-Teinitz ; the privilege for weekly markets was not exercised. Hrochow-Teinitz was the parish for Blansko, Bližnowitz ( Blížňovice ), Bořitz , Čankowitz, Honbitz , Libanitz , Nabotschan , Podbor, Přestawlk , Skalitz ( Skalice ), Trojowitz and Zagezdetz . In 1844 Adalbert von Lilienwald sold the rulership to linen manufacturer Peter Josef Schlechta from Lomnitz an der Popelka , who founded a girls' flax spinning school in Hrochow-Teinitz in 1847 and had the castle surrounded by an English park . Until the middle of the 19th century, Hrochow-Teinitz always remained subject to the allodial rule Hrochow-Teinitz.

After the abolition of patrimonial Hrochův Týnec formed from 1849 with the district Bezděkov a market town in the judicial district of Chrudim . In 1853 Hrochův Týnec was elevated to town. Peter Josef Schlechta left the family business Peter August Schlechta & Sohn in Lomnitz in 1858 and concentrated on the administration of his manor in Hrochův Týnec; In 1859 he was ennobled with the title Schlechta von Hrochow ( Šlechta z Hrochova ). From 1868 the city belonged to the political district of Chrudim . In the 1870s, Bezděkov broke up and formed its own municipality. In 1871 Peter Josef Schlechta von Hrochow founded the Actien sugar factory in Hrochow-Teinitz . Schlechta von Hrochow resigned the chairmanship of the supervisory board at the sugar factory in 1878, sold the manor to the Pardubitz entrepreneur Josef Kraus and moved back to Lomnitz.

In 1899, traffic on the local railway from Heřman-Městec to Borohradek began with a branch from Hrochow Teinitz to Chrast . In 1921 the city consisted of 179 houses. In 1924 Otakar and Melánie Tůma bought the castle from Josef Kraus. In 1945 the castle was nationalized. After the February coup in 1948, Hrochův Týnec lost its town charter. Because of the increasing traffic on the Silnice I / 17 , the narrow exit from the market in Hrochův Týnec over the Kopeček to the east became increasingly an obstacle in the 1950s. Instead of directing long-distance traffic with a bypass around Hrochův Týnec, the traffic planners took a rigorous measure: the houses on the raised east side of the market, including the school, were demolished and a deep cut through the Kopeček was created for the new street layout. As a result of this intervention, the most important compositional elements of the historic town center were lost and the spatial unity of the market with its densely packed buildings was destroyed.

In 1965 Blansko (with Skalice) and Stíčany were incorporated. On July 1, 1974, Dolní Bezděkov was again incorporated into Hrochův Týnec. The Hrochův Týnec – Chrast u Chrudimi railway was finally shut down in 1980 and dismantled from 1982 onwards. On January 1, 1989 Přestavlky (with Zájezdec ) was incorporated and Blížňovice was umgemeindet from Čankovice to Hrochův Týnec. In 1990 Dolní Bezděkov, Přestavlky and Zájezdec broke away from Hrochův Týnec. The municipality has owned the castle since 2010. On April 19, 2011, the town charter of Hrochův Týnec was renewed.

Community structure

The town of Hrochův Týnec consists of the districts Blansko, Blížňovice ( Blischowitz , also Blischnowitz ), Hrochův Týnec ( Hrochowteinitz ), Skalice ( Skalitz ) and Stíčany ( Stitschan ) as well as the residential area Psotnovy and the desert Zásadí ( Sasadí ).

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Blansko u Hrochova Týnce, Blížňovice, Hrochův Týnec and Stíčany.

Attractions

  • Church of St. Martin, built 1723–28 in place of a previous Gothic building, of which only the Zellersche Chapel of the Virgin Mary, built in 1680, remained. On the north-west side, the antique crypt of the von Lilienwald family was added in 1830-31, which was later used as a hall of the dead.
  • Rectory built in the 18th century
  • Hrochův Týnec Castle, built at the end of the 17th century for the Barons Zeller von Rosenthal. In 1717 the Premonstratensians from Hradisko had it rebuilt, expanded and the chapel of Our Lady added. Fundamental changes were made in 1877–79 for Josef Kraus and 1924–25 for Otakar Tůma; the second floor was also built on the latter. After the Second World War, the castle served as a children's home with a school and an education center. The castle has belonged to the city since 2010. The castle gate dates from 1717.
  • Former pilgrimage chapel of the Mother of God on Kopeček on the east side of the market. It was built in 1718 by order of the Hradisko abbot Robert Sanci and was connected with a semicircular cloister, in which there were rooms for the monks to stay overnight. The magnificent complex was popularly known as the New Palace . In 1783 the chapel was closed and a little later converted into a school. After the school fire of 1834, the former chapel was demolished and the new schoolhouse was built in its place. Part of the cloister was preserved, but it fell victim to the expansion of the state road in 1950. The only remaining remains of the chapel are the statues of St. Anna and St. Josef from the stairs to the chapel, which were moved to a wall niche in front of house No. 143 at the castle.
  • House No. 143, the single-storey baroque building from 1747 is the birthplace of Friedrich Simony
  • Chapel of St. Anna in the New Cemetery, it was built in 1832 and redesigned in 1891
  • Column of St. John of Nepomuk, created 1716

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Obec Hrochův Týnec: podrobné informace Územně identifikační registr ČR, accessed on July 25, 2018.
  2. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 5: Chrudimer Kreis. Prague 1837, pp. 84-89
  4. Části obcí - Obec Hrochův Týnec Územně identifikační registr ČR, accessed on July 25, 2018.
  5. Katastrální území - Obec Hrochův Týnec Územně identifikační registr ČR, accessed on July 25, 2018.