Country table

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Register of the Bohemian Country Table

The so-called land tables (Czech: desky zemské ) were registers first introduced in Bohemia and Moravia in which the nobility had their important legal transactions recorded. In the land tables, above all the aristocratic property was recorded. One speaks of boards because, according to tradition, the records should first have been made on wooden boards. However, this was never the case, rather register books were used.

In 1321 the Bohemian and in 1348 the Moravian country table was established. The aristocratic communities of the neighboring countries Austria and Styria soon took over the institution and concept.

function

The entry of noble estates in the country table had the ultimate purpose of clearly delimiting the nobility. Only those who had an estate registered in the country table belonged to the Bohemian nobility and were allowed to participate in the state parliament . With this close connection to the state parliament, it made sense to register the state parliament resolutions as well as general regulations and statutes in the state boards soon. In Bohemia, entry in the land tables was a prerequisite for a law to come into force since the 15th century. The judgments of the land law , the highest class courts in Bohemia and Moravia, were recorded in the land tables. In a fire at Prague Castle in 1541, the older Bohemian land tablets were lost.

In the Austrian provinces , compilations of recognized privileges of a country and the list of aristocratic landed property were named Landtafel. In the Alpine countries, too, they were continually supplemented and updated. Unlike in Bohemia, however, they were not used to record the judgments of the regional court, because these supreme courts were not purely noble, but a joint matter of the estates and the sovereign.

Transformation and End

Even after the introduction of modern constitutional principles in the Habsburg Monarchy, the land tables were preserved in Bohemia, Moravia, Upper and Lower Austria. They were continued in addition to the land registers after 1848 . In the Czech lands, the land tables were abolished during the first Czechoslovak Republic. In Austria it was not until 1980 that the land register conversion law of November 27, 1980 transferred the data from the land tables to the general land registers .

literature

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  • Josef Emler (Hrsg.): Reliquiae tabularum terrae regni Bohemiae Anno 1541 igne consumptarum. 2nd vol. Prague 1870 a. 1899.
  • Nowe Zrizeni o wyzdwizenij desk zemskych pohorzelych Kralowstwij Czeskeho. (German new order on the establishment of the burned land tablets in the Kingdom of Bohemia.) [given in Prague in June 1542].
  • Anna Vavroušková (Ed.): Desky zemské království českého. Řada I, Kvaterny trhové. Svazek 1, Kvatern trhový běžný černý od léta 1541-1542. (Desky zemské větší č. 1). = The land tables of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Row I, purchase quatern. Volume 1, The current black purchase quatern from 1541-1542. Prague 1941.
  • Anna Vavroušková (Ed.): Desky zemské království Českého. Řada I, Kvaterny trhové. Svazek 2, Kvatern trhový běžný červený od léta 1542-1543. (Desky zemské větší č. 4). Prague 1935.

Secondary literature

  • Josef Emler: O zbytcich desk zemskych vr1541 pohorelych. (Eng. About the remains of the land panels burned in 1541.) Prague 1867.
  • Pavla Burdová: Desky zemské Království českého. Prague 1990.
  • Ivan Štarha: Moravské zemské desky 1348-1642. Národní kulturní památka. Břeclav 1999, ISBN 80-86181-16-2 .
  • František Hrubý : Moravské zemské desky z let 1348-1642. Brno 1931.
  • Carl-Joseph Demuth: History of the land table in the margrave of Moravia. Brno 1857.
  • Heinrich Bartsch: The country table in its current form. Vienna 1890.
  • Joseph-Robert Hasner Ritter von Artha: Handbook of the Landtäflichen procedure in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Prague 1824.

Web links

Commons : Land Rolls (Prague Castle)  - collection of images, videos and audio files