Pernstein (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Lords of Pernstein

The Lords of Pernstein (Czech páni z Pernštejna , also Pernštejnové ) were originally a Moravian noble family, which later also gained importance in Bohemia . With Vratislav Eusebius, the Pernsteiners died out in the male line in 1631. Its name is derived from the Pernstein Castle .

Family legend and coat of arms

According to the family legend , the Pernsteiners should descend from a charcoal burner Věňav . After he caught a wild aurochs , he took it to the king and killed the animal in front of the king with an ax. For this brave deed, the king awarded him a forest area and a coat of arms depicting an aurochs with a nose ring.

Description: In silver, a black head of an aurochs with a gold nose ring and red tongue placed en face . On the coat of arms the head as in the shield over a gold-crowned spangenhelm and the helmet covers in silver-black.

history

Pernstein Castle

The first known ancestor of the later Lords of Pernstein was a Stephan / Štěpán, whose predicate "von Mödlau" ( z Medlova ) is derived from the village of Medlov ( Mödlau ) south of Brno . He was first mentioned in a document on September 25, 1208 in a document from the Olomouc bishop Robert , who transferred the villages of Doubravník and Drahonín to him, a son of Gothard ("Stephano, viro nobili filio Gothardi") in exchange for Tuřany and Petrovice . The original of the document is in the Brno City Archives. Although the stated year 1208 is sometimes doubted, the document is the oldest evidence of the Lords of Mödlau and their descendants, the Lords of Pernstein. It is possible that Stephen mentioned in the document called Father Gothard ( hotart ) in přemyslidischen stood services and the end of the 12th century in the wake of the Duke Vladislav Heinrich came to Moravia.

Stephan / Štěpán, first mentioned in a document in 1208, was the royal burgrave of the Děvičky ( Maidenburg ) castle in South Moravia in the early 1220s . He is considered the founder of the monastery in Doubravník and at that time had his sons Adalbert / Vojtěch, Stephan II./Štěpán II. And Emmeram / Jimram, who were also called “von Mödlau” / “z Medlova”. They continued the colonization of the area along the Schwarzach that their father had begun and built the castles of Pernstein , Auersperk , Zuberstein and Pysseletz . They and their descendants used the names of the castles as additions to their names.

Stephans / Štěpán's first born son Adalbert / Vojtěch became a monk after his wife died early . 1239–1256 he is documented as provost of the monastery in Doubravník and canon of Olomouc . He also used the suffixes de Lapide ( z Kamene ) and later de Zuberstein .

Stephen's grandson Philipp / Filip I was a treasurer of Moravia. He had the sons Emmeram / Jimram II., Bohuslav, Philipp / Filip II. And Stephan IV., Who named themselves "von Pernstein" ( z Pernštejna ) after the Pernstein Castle near Nedvedice from the end of the 13th century . This predicate was retained throughout, even if others were also used. So z. B. " von Jakubow " ( z Jakubova ) or "von Auersberg" ( z Aueršperku ). These additions to names were derived from the respective place of residence or ownership. It is not yet known which branch of the family the Archbishop of Riga, Friedrich von Pernstein, came from. It is possible that he was a son of Emmeram / Jimram I.

Emmeram / Jimram V. von Pernstein and the brothers Emmeram / Jimram I. von Jakubow ( z Jakubova ) and Philipp / Filip II. Von Jakubow and Pernstein were assessors at the Moravian regional court in the second half of the 14th century. Towards the end of the 14th century, Emmerams / Jimrams V's son Wilhelm I von Pernstein came to the fore, who in 1421 became governor of Moravia. His grandson of the same name Wilhelm II von Pernstein was one of the most important and influential aristocrats in Bohemia and Moravia. Several family members joined the Utraquist religious party . Wilhelm II converted to Catholicism in 1490. His sons tended again towards Utraquism and were sympathetic to the Reformation .

After Bohemia passed to the Habsburgs in 1526 , Wilhelm II's sons and grandchildren held high and highest state offices in Bohemia and Moravia. The later Chancellor of Bohemia Vratislav von Pernstein had traveled extensively with the Habsburgs to Spain in his youth and got to know the court traditions there. This and his marriage to the Spanish nobleman Maria Manrique de Lara contributed to the Hispanization of his family and his descendants as well as to the abandonment of the previously practiced tolerance in religious questions. Both he and his descendants supported counter-Reformation measures.

To cover their lavish lifestyle, he and his descendants were forced to sell much of their land, which eventually led to debt and the collapse of their wealth. With Vratislav Eusebius von Pernstein , the Pernstein family died out in the male line in 1631.

See also

Main list of the Lords of Pernstein with other personalities of the family.

Possessions

The possessions of the Pernsteiners included the following castles, towns and dominions in Moravia and Bohemia: Auersperg , Brandeis , Bistritz , Frain , Fraunberg , County Glatz , Helfenstein , Ingrowitz , Jakubov , Kojetín , Kralitz , Křižanov , Kunetitzer Berg , Landskron , Landsberg , Lititz , Leitomischl , Moravian Weisskirchen , Messeritsch , Mödlau , Morawetz , Náchod , ad Neustadt Mettau , Pardubice , Pernštejn , Pysseletz , Blumenau , Pottenstein , Prerov , Proßnitz , Reichenau , Rohrbach , Seelowitz , Skály , Tobitschau , Trebitsch , Wild Schwerdt , Zubstein

literature

Web links

Commons : Haus Pernstein  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Petr Maťa: Pre- denominational , interdenominational, transdenominational Christianity. Prolegomena to an investigation into the denomination of the Bohemian and Moravian nobility between Hussitism and forced Catholicization . In: Joachim Bahlcke , Karen Lambrecht, Hans-Christian Maner (eds.): Confessional plurality as a challenge. Coexistence and Conflict in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times . Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-86583-081-1 , pp. 307–331, here p. 309.
  2. ↑ Joachim Bahlcke: Regionalism and State Integration in Controversy . ISBN 3-486-56046-8 , p. 173