Medlov

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Medlov (disambiguation) .

Medlov
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Brno-venkov
Area :	1019 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 2 ′  N , 16 ° 31 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ 6 ″  N , 16 ° 31 ′ 19 ″  E
Height:	192  m nm
Residents :	842 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	664 66
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Dolní Kounice - Pohořelice
structure
Status:	Městys
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Roman Zabil (as of 2011)
Address:	Medlov 52 664 66 Němčičky u Židlochovic
Municipality number:	583367
Website :	www.mestysmedlov.cz

Medlov (German Mödlau ) is a minority in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers north of Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ) and belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ). The city was originally laid out as a triangular village.

geography

Medlov is located in the Thaya-Schwarza valley on the left bank of the Jihlava ( Hedgehog ) in the area of ​​the Niva Jihlavy Nature Park. The expressway R 52 / E 461 passes to the east, to which there is no direct connection.

Neighboring towns are Bratčice ( Bratschitz ) in the north, Sobotovice ( Sobotowitz ) and Ledce ( Laatz ) in the northeast, Hrušovany u Brna ( Rohrbach ) in the east, Unkovice ( Hunkowitz ) and Žabčice ( Schabschitz ) in the southeast, Smolín and Odrovice ( Odrowitz ) in the south , Malešovice ( Malspitz ) in the southwest, Jezeřany-Maršovice in the west and Kupařovice ( Kuprowitz ) and Němčičky ( Klein Niemtschitz ) in the northwest.

history

The first written mention of Medlov was in a document dated 1173, which is a medieval forgery. In 1203 the place was mentioned as an addition to the name of Stepan de Medlov, his son Adalbertus de Medlov later also carried the predicate of Pernstein and since the 14th century the family no longer used the addition of de Medlov . In 1235 a church and a parish were built. Medlov was split between several owners. In addition to the spiritual property, there was also the Freihof with the festivals documented since 1358 and the Freimühle. In 1447 the place belonged to the Rosa Coeli monastery . Mödlau later became part of the Seelowitz estate. Furthermore, earth stables were discovered that date from the 15th and 16th centuries. During the 16th century, members of the radical Reformation Anabaptist movement came to the town.

During the Thirty Years' War the Anabaptists ( Hutterites ) were expelled from South Moravia in 1622 and moved on to Transylvania . In the plague epidemic of 1645, 87 people died. The village, which had been mostly inhabited by Czechs, was almost completely depopulated due to war and epidemics. This was followed by German colonization in the second half of the 17th century. The “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with its special Bavarian passwords , which was spoken until the fateful year 1945, indicates that the new settlers came from Austria and southern Germany. In the following period the Czech minority in Mödlau died out completely. The town registers have been kept since 1712. In 1731 the village was taken over by Emperor Charles VI. granted the market right. In 1749 a fire destroyed the church, the rectory and 43 houses. During the fire of 1784, the entire town was reduced to rubble and ashes. After the abolition of the monasteries under Emperor Joseph II , the place came under the administration of the religious fund. In 1821 the cemetery by the church was closed and a new one was consecrated on the eastern outskirts. In 1831 cholera broke out in Mödlau. Also in 1892 a fire raged in Mödlau and destroyed 25 houses.

In 1900 there were 780 people in Mödlau. In 1930 Mödlau consisted of 168 houses and had 744 inhabitants, including 25 Czechs. This included the seven houses in the Mödlauer Mühle district with 29 residents. A volunteer fire brigade was also founded that year. The balanced warm climate makes the area a fertile garden for wine, fruit (especially plums) and vegetables of special quality. In addition to all types of grain, maize, sugar beets and potatoes also grow. Hunting in the municipality was also very productive, with around 600 hares, 250 pheasants and 1200 partridges being shot per year. In addition to the usual small business, there was a Raiffeisenkassa, a building contractor and cement goods production in the village.

After the First World War and the peace treaty of Saint Germain in 1919, the place, whose inhabitants in 1910 belonged exclusively to the German language group, became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period, new settlers and the filling of civil servants led to an increase in the influx of people with Czech identity. Around 1920 the place received a telephone system and in 1926 a war memorial was erected in honor of the fallen. The place was electrified in 1929. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945) - which claimed 54 victims - the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939) came back to Czechoslovakia in recourse to the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Soon there were anti-German measures by militant Czechs. Four men and two women were killed. 12 Mödlauer fled the excesses across the border to Austria. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned, but an orderly and humane transfer of the German population that remained in Czechoslovakia was explicitly required. Between March 29 and October 3, 1946, 481 people were forcibly resettled via Nikolsburg to West Germany. 41 people remained in the place. According to the Beneš Decree 108, the entire property of the German residents as well as the public and church German property were confiscated and placed under state administration.

On March 19, 1947, Medlov was partially flooded by an ice jam on the Jihlava Bridge. During the floods of 1951, the weir in Jihlava was washed away and torn away. In 1985 a flood again flooded parts of the town. The Niva Jihlavy Nature Park was established in 2001. Since October 10, 2006 Medlov has had the status of Městys .

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest local seal dates from 1601. It shows a baroque shield within the inscription "SIGIL DES EIGEN MEDLAV 1601". A winemaker's knife and a ploughshare are shown in this sign. Behind the winemaker's knife there is still a leafy vine branch with two grapes. In the 19th century this seal was replaced by an image-free community stamp.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	741	724	17th	0
1890	729	712	17th	0
1900	780	780	0	0
1910	773	772	0	1
1921	783	750	28	5
1930	744	709	25th	10

Community structure

No districts are shown for Městys Medlov.

Attractions

• Church of St. Bartholomew, built at the end of the 13th century in Gothic style, renovated in 1749 and 1852 in Renaissance style
• Rectory (former hunting lodge)
• Holy Trinity column in the market, from 1698
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
• Statue of St. Florian
• Medlovský Mlýn, west of the village
• War memorial 1926

Sons and daughters of the place

Cyrill Riedl (1848–1933) city dean and last German city pastor of Brno

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

• The annual markets took place on Tuesdays after Johann (December 27), after Matthew (September 21) and after the Visitation of Mary (July 2).
• There was a small Kirtag (on the fourth Sunday in August) and a big Kirtag ( Kaiserkirtag ) on the third Sunday in October. When moving in, three old boys marched in, followed by the rest of the fraternity. Boys from outside the area were picked up from the inn with music and led to the Kirtag.

literature

• Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, Verlag Lehrerverein Pohrlitz, Mödlau, p.121
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , P.20; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , P.140f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
• Nová Ves - P. Marie Pomocnice chapel 1999
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 216 f .
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , p.125f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ↑ Bernd Längin: Die Hutterer , 1986, p. 237.
3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
4. ^ Franz Josef Schwoy : Topographie vom Markgrafthum Moravia, Volume 2 , 1793, p. 223
5. ^ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: Der Kreis Nikolsburg from A to Z , 2006, p. 126
6. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
7. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
8. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 216 f . (Mödlau).
9. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
10. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
11. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848-1960 , Volume 9, 1984
12. ↑ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Mödlau p.337
13. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Mödlau p. 44