Pasohlávky

Pasohlávky
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Brno-venkov
Area :	2659 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 54 '  N , 16 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 54 '21 "  N , 16 ° 33' 6"  E
Height:	175  m nm
Residents :	719 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	691 22
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Vranovice - Drnholec
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Tomáš Ingr (as of 2008)
Address:	Pasohlávky 1 691 22 Pasohlávky
Municipality number:	584762
Website :	www.pasohlavky.cz

Dia main street

Pasohlávky (German Weißstätten ) is a municipality in South Moravia in the Czech Republic . It is located 29 kilometers northwest of Břeclav ( Lundenburg ) and belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ).

geography

Pasohlávky is located on the northern bank of the upper reservoir of the Thaya dam of Nové Mlýny ( Neumühl ). The hill Hradisko ( Burgstall , 220 m) rises to the east . In the southeast are the Pollau Mountains .

Neighboring towns are Nová Ves ( Mariahilf ) in the north, Ivaň ( Eibis ) in the northeast, Horní Věstonice ( Oberwisternitz ) and Dolní Dunajovice ( Untertannowitz ) in the southeast, Brod nad Dyjí ( Guldenfurth ) in the south, Drnholec ( Dürnholz ) in the southwest, Litobratřice ( Leiper ) and Troskotovice ( Treskowitz ) in the west and Vlasatice ( Wostitz ) in the northwest.

history

The layout of the place and the Bavarian-Austrian Ui dialect with its special passwords , which was spoken until 1945 , indicate that the settlers came from Austria and southern Germany. Their use of new forms of cultivation and agricultural implements made of iron as well as the application of the productive three-field economy brought them greater economic benefits.

The village was first mentioned in 1276 as Awertschiz in the white Gstetten (Uherčice na Bílém břehu) when the monastery Rosa Coeli acquired the place from the chapter in Stará Boleslav ( Brandeis ad Elbe-Altbunzlau ). The existence of a parish has been documented since then. As a result of the Hungarian invasions, the village fell into desolation in the 15th century and was repopulated by Croatian settlers in the 16th century . At that time the place was named Auerčice or Charváty . In 1574 there were 33 settlers in the village and by 1615 there were 43. In the 16th century there were hardly any Catholics living in the village, in 1612 members of the Reformation Anabaptist movement settled and built a parish hall.

At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , the place was confiscated as the property of the rebellious Count von Thurn and in 1622 handed over to Cardinal Franz Xaver von Dietrichstein , who attached it to the Vlasatice estate ( Wostitz ). Recatholization began in 1622 and people of different faiths, such as the Anabaptists ( Hutterites ), were expelled. The village was then destroyed and deserted by the war. In 1654 only nine farms were still inhabited. After that, the place grew rapidly and in 1763 it had 397 inhabitants, with a considerable proportion of Croatian immigrants. The German part of the settlers brought the “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with their special Bavarian passwords , which was spoken until 1945 and indicates that these came from southern Germany and Austria. Registries have been kept since 1631. Online search via the Brno State Archives. Land registers have been kept since 1704. In 1788, a school was built in Weißstätten at the expense of Prince Johann Karl von Dietrichstein. In 1836 cholera raged in the village and claimed 97 victims. After the abolition of patrimonial, Weißstätten became a municipality in the Nikolsburg district in 1850 . From 1852 onwards, Weißstätten was administered by the von Herberstein family . Between 1849 and 1864 the village was devastated by a total of 17 fires. The school is expanded to two classes in 1864, but the increase in children is so great that a new building with three classes is necessary in 1883. In 1885 the Catholic parish was rebuilt. Most of the population lived from livestock and agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries in South Moravia, of particular importance. In addition to the cultivation of various types of grain, the favorable climate also allowed sugar beets, maize and fruit. In the course of the 19th century, however, viticulture in the place slackened, among other things because of the phylloxera plague in 1864, and around 1900 only wine was grown for personal use.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . By the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919, the place came to Czechoslovakia . Due to the land reform, Count Herberstein's manor was nationalized in the same year and divided into two halves, and both halves were leased to Czech new settlers. At the beginning of the 1920s, the Czech name of the place was changed from Bílý Břeh to Pasohlávky . In the inter-war period , new settlers and new appointments to civil servants increased the influx of people of Czech nationality. As a result, Weißstätten reached the highest population in its history in 1930 with 1,021 inhabitants. Of these, however, more than 93% acknowledged their German nationality. After the Munich Agreement , Weißstätten was added to the German Reich in 1938 and incorporated into the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

In 1939, 949 people lived in Weißstätten. In the last days of the war, the village was badly affected by heavy fighting. 162 buildings were destroyed and 72 suffered severe damage. In total, the place lost 96 residents during the Second World War.

After the Second World War , Weißstätten came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Before the onset of excesses by militant Czechs, many German citizens fled to Austria or were driven across the border . According to the death register at the South Moravian Landscape Council in Geislingen an der Steige (D), there were 16 civilian deaths. The Beneš decree 115/1946 protected against a legal review of the events. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". The remaining 522 local residents were forcibly resettled between March 15 and October 3, 1946 in organized transports to West Germany . According to Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, at no time were these transports carried out in a "proper and humane" manner. All private and public property of the Germans was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 . The Catholic Church in the communist era expropriated . The Czech Republic has not made any restitution .

After the expulsion, 35 families remained in Austria. The rest were transferred to Germany. Three people emigrated to the USA, two each to Canada and Brazil and one to Australia.

Because of the severe destruction, there was only a small amount of new settlement. In total there were only 37 families who settled in Pasohlávky by 1946. As a result, the population decreased drastically and in 1950 only 282 people lived in the place. On January 1, 1961, the community came to Okres Břeclav .

With the construction of the reservoirs of Nové Mlýny ( Neumühl ), the municipality of Mušov ( Muschau ) , which was planned for demise, was incorporated into Pasohlávky in 1976. After the flooding, Mušov was disbanded on January 1st, 1980. The inhabitants of the former market town had previously been relocated to Pasohlávky and Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ). Only four islands in the middle reservoir remind of Mušov, on the largest of which stands the church of Mušov. In 1988 the grave of a Marcomann prince was discovered in Mušov . Since January 1st 2007 Pasohlávky belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ). Pasohlávky is now a resort. Two lagoons were created at the foot of the Hradisko, and the Merkur autocamp is also located there.

Coat of arms and seal

The local seal was from the 17th century and showed the inscription "FIRSI.DIET.DORF.WEISTEDEN" within a wreath of leaves. A fine circular line, interrupted at the top by a vine knife, delimits the image of the seal, which shows a crab turned to the right above stylized bank stones, above which two flower stems inclined towards each other stand. Cancer was also shown later in the municipal temple from the 19th century. After the First World War, the town had a bilingual municipal temple.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	840	834	6th	0
1890	973	954	19th	0
1900	959	949	10	0
1910	993	993	0	0
1921	1020	999	12	9
1930	1021	956	52	13

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Pasohlávky. Pasohlávky to include the corridors of the flooded patch Mušov ( Muschau ).

Attractions

• Hradisko, archaeological site and former Roman military station during the reign of Marcus Aurelius
• Church of St. Linhart on an island in the middle reservoir, the church built between the 12th and 13th centuries was the church of the flooded market town of Mušov. Ivaň has owned the church since 1999
• Church of St. Anna built in 1675 as a chapel and expanded into a church in 1811
• Holy Spirit Chapel,
• baroque statue of St. John of Nepomuk from the second half of the 18th century
• Main cross (1895) on the cemetery (was renovated in 1995/96 through donations from expelled Germans)

Personalities

• Johann Karl Janiczek (1883–1966): music director and composer
• Wenzel Max (1898–1982): local researcher and winner of culture prizes

Literature and Sources

• Liechtenstein Archive Vienna / Vaduz: Land of the Dominion Nikolsburg (1574)
• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia. 1793, Weißstätten page 434
• Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, Pohrlitz Verlag teachers' association, Weißstätten page 130
• Wenzel Max: History of the village of Weißstätten in the Nikolsburg district. 1975.
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. 1990, Weißstätten page 38
• Hans Roth: My way from Weißstätten to ... 1997.
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. 1992, Weißstätten page 243
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodel: History of South Moravia. Volume 3 (2001), Weißstätten pages 246f, 265, u. a.
• House directories from the Nikolsburg district
• Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945–1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Nikolsburg district from A – Z. 2006, Weißstätten 205

Web links

Commons : Pasohlávky  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• White places in "Old postcard motifs of the South Moravian municipalities"
• Cultural database of displaced persons
• Local family book "Weisst Orte"

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ ^{A b} Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
3. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
4. ↑ Bernd Längin: Die Hutterer , 1986, p. 237
5. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 16, 2011.
6. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 263
7. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
8. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
9. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
10. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006 p. 216
11. ^ Wilhelm Turnwald: Documents on the expulsion of the Sudeten Germans, special edition: Europa-Buchhandlung, Munich, 1951, p. 377
12. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
13. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
14. ↑ Ignaz Seidl-Hohenveldern : International Confiscation and Expropriation Law. Series: Contributions to foreign and international private law. Volume 23. Berlin and Tübingen, 1952.
15. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 217 .
16. ^ Wenzel Max: Geschichte des Dorfes Weißstätten, 1975
17. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
18. ↑ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Weisstätten p.484
19. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Weißstätten 47