Vojkovice u Židlochovic

Vojkovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Brno-venkov
Area :	696 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 3 '  N , 16 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 3 '2 "  N , 16 ° 36' 35"  E
Height:	182  m nm
Residents :	1,172 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	667 01
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Rajhrad - Židlochovice
Railway connection:	Břeclav – Brno
Next international airport :	Brno-Turany Airport
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Karel Klein (as of 2009)
Address:	Hrušovanská 214 667 01 Vojkovice
Municipality number:	584142
Website :	www.vojkovice.info

Vojkovice (German Woikowitz , older Wokowitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . They located 16 kilometers south of the center of Brno ( Brno ) and is part of the Brno-Country District ( District Brno-Country ). The place is laid out as a triangular tangler village.

geography

Vojkovice is located on the right bank of the Svratka ( Schwarzach ) in the Thaya-Schwarza valley basin . To the north of the village, the Vojkovický náhon ( Galtbach ), the former course of the Svratka ( Schwarzach ), flows back to the straightened river. To the southwest is the valley of the Šatava. The Strže (258 m) rises to the east and the Výhon (355 m) to the southeast; the hills belong to the western foothills of the Ždánický les ( Steinitzer Forest ). On the western periphery of the village runs the Břeclav – Brno ( Lundenburg-Brno ) railway line , the station is called Vojkovice nad Svratkou .

Neighboring towns are Holasice ( Holasitz ), Loučka and Rajhradice ( Klein Raigern ) in the north, Opatovice ( Opatowitz ) in the northeast, Blučina ( Lautschitz ) in the east, Židlochovice ( Groß Seelowitz ) and Hrušovany u Brna ( Rohrbach ) in the south, Medlov ( Mödlau ) in the southwest, Ledce ( Laatz ) and Sobotovice ( Sobotowitz ) in the west and Syrovice ( Serowitz ) in the northwest.

history

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The layout of the village and the ui dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The village was first mentioned in writing in 1131 in a document from the Olomouc bishop Heinrich Zdik . In 1311 Boyekovicz can be traced in a register of the Třebíč monastery . In 1356 the monastery sold part of the Vojkovice estate to two professors . The Benedictine monastery, which was impoverished after the Hussite Wars, pledged Vojkovice to a believer in 1456. In 1474 the captain of Spielberg Castle , Dobeš von Boskowitz , received Vojkovice from Matthias Corvinus as a pledge. In 1496 the monastery Třebíč Vojkovice got back. In 1502 Wilhelm II von Pernstein bought the estate. During this time the oldest coat of arms of the municipality was created. In the distribution of ownership William of Pernsteins to his sons Vojkovice was in 1508 in the rule Židlochovice ( United Seelowitz connected). During this time, the Reformation initiated by Luther spread more and more. The first Lutherans came to the town as early as 1542, and the town soon became predominantly Lutheran. Only with the onset of the Counter Reformation in the middle of the Thirty Years War did most of the local residents become Catholic again. Vratislav von Pernstein sold Vojkovice in 1561 to Jan Ždánský von Zástřizl . He was followed in 1569 by Friedrich von Zierotin . This confirmed the mining rights and repatriation rights granted by the Pernsteiners to the village in 1596 . Woykwicz's oldest seal impression dates from 1598.

In 1616 Adam von Waldstein acquired the rule from the lords of Zierotin . During the Thirty Years War in 1624 the parish in Vojkovice was abolished. When the Swedes first invaded Moravia in 1643, the place suffered badly economically. When the bubonic plague broke out in 1645, 45 of the village's 102 inhabitants died. The disease was probably brought in by Swedish troops under Lennart Torstensson during the siege of Brno. In the Turkish War of 1663/1664 the village was sacked by the Turks. In 1697, Philipp Ludwig von Sinzendorf acquired the Židlochovice estate. The registers have been kept since 1678.

In 1730 the Count of Sinzendorf had the new mill built on the Svratka. For a better water supply, a weir was built, from which the Neumühlgraben led the water to the mill. In 1743 Leopold von Dietrichstein became the owner of the Židlochovice estate. In 1749 the Svratka was regulated. From then on, the original course of the river served as a ditch for the mill and was later called Galtbach . During the Silesian Wars , Woikowitz was occupied by Prussian troops, but they held back. A devastating fire in 1778 destroyed the entire village. In 1790 the church burned down again. Woikowitz also suffered heavy losses in the Revolutionary Wars . So it came that in 1805 there was a skirmish between Russian and French troops near Vojkovice and in 1809 the village was sacked by kk troops. In 1819 Albert Kasimir von Sachsen-Teschen acquired the rule. In 1838 the Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn was built from Brno to Vienna, which began operating in 1839 without stopping in Vojkovice.

After the abolition of patrimonial Woikowitz / Bojkovice formed from 1850 a municipality in the district authority Auspitz and the judicial district Židlochovice ( Groß Seelowitz ). In 1862 a new town hall was built and in 1874 the German school. During the German-Austrian War in 1866, parts of a Prussian division were encamped in Woikowitz . A monument to Emperor Josef II was erected on the village square in 1884. In the same year the village received a train station. The place name Vojkovice has been used since the 1890s . The road to Syrovice ( Serowitz ) was built in 1897. In 1907 the volunteer fire brigade was founded. Electric street lighting was also installed in the village in 1909. In 1911 the road to Hrušovany u Brna ( Rohrbach ) was built. Most of the Woikowitzers lived from livestock and agriculture. In addition to the usual small business, there was also a dairy, a Raiffeisenkassa, a mill with a board saw and a brick factory. In 1918 the mill burned down, which was then rebuilt on three floors.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) declared the place, which was 96% inhabited by German-Austrians in 1910 , to be part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , government measures led to the influx of people of Czech nationality. The land reform of 1919 expropriated the property of Duke Friedrichs von Österreich-Teschen . In 1925 a Czech school started teaching. The number of Czech residents increased from 4% to 49% between the two censuses in 1910 and 1930. At the same time, tensions between the ethnic groups increased throughout the country. As armed conflict loomed, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas inhabited by Sudeten Germans (later used umbrella term) to Germany. In the Munich Agreement , this was regulated. Thus Woikowitsch became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1, 1938 .

During the Second World War the place suffered 40 victims. After its end (May 8, 1945), the request of the ČSR government Beneš was met by the victorious powers and the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1938) were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . Before the onset of riots by militant Czechs, many German South Moravians fled to Austria or were driven across the border . This resulted in seven civilian deaths. The Beneš Decree 115/46 (Law on Exemption from Punishment ) protected against legal processing of the events. The victorious powers of World War II took on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, to the wild and collectively concrete running expulsion of the German population not position. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". On June 14th and September 17th, 1946, the last German South Moravians were forcibly evacuated . All private and public property of the Germans was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 . The Catholic Church in the communist era expropriated . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

Between 1948 and 1960 the community belonged to the Okres Židlochovice ( Groß Seelowitz district ). After its abolition, Vojkovice was added to the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ). Between 1980 and 1990 the village was incorporated into Židlochovice ( Groß Seelowitz ). Since 1997 Vojkovice has had a new municipal coat of arms.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest community seal was created shortly after 1500. The late Gothic seal shows a framed semicircular shield in the inscription "* S * de Woykwitz *". There is a leaf arabesque above the shield. The shield shows two devices facing each other above a mill wheel. It cannot be said with certainty which devices are involved.

From 1714, a grate is shown instead of the two devices. The origin for this change is likely to be the dedication of the church. It was consecrated to St. Lawrence, who used a grate as a sign.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Vojkovice.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	645	600	45	0
1890	674	674	0	0
1900	643	589	54	0
1910	683	656	27	0
1921	777	393	368	16
1930	822	409	402	11

Attractions

• Church of St. Laurentius, the formerly Gothic building was rebuilt in 1793 after the fire of 1790 and the lightning strike of September 7, 1792, and the cemetery was redesigned at the same time. After another fire on April 7, 1828, it was consecrated again in 1831.
• Cemetery chapel, the red brick building in the English style was built between 1793 and 1815
• Prayer column at the train station, built at the beginning of the 18th century
• Statue of St. Florian, donated by Sebastian Schüller in 1808
• Statue of St. Laurentius, created in 1808 by Martin Weiss
• Stone cross in front of the church, donated by Georg Holzapfel in 1770
• Výhon Nature Park, southeast of the village
• Monument to Emperor Joseph II, the monument unveiled on August 24, 1884 in the village square consisted of a high plinth with an inscription and a figure of the monarch cast in the Blansko ironworks . After the First World War, the imperial figure was taken from the base and walled up in the syringe house. The statue was found there after the Second World War and taken to the Židlochovice Museum. When this was dissolved, the imperial figure was stored in the courtyard of the folk art school and was finally loaned to Josefov. In 1991 the figure came back to Vojkovice and has since been temporarily housed in the municipal office's polling station.
• Vojkovice Mill, built in 1730 as the New Mill . In 1905 the mill was the first house in the village to have electricity and between 1909 and 1936 it supplied the whole village. It burned out in 1917 and was rebuilt in the same year.

Personalities

• Johann Zeckl (1691–1728) goldsmith for church decorations
• Leopold Kotzmann (1884–1945) Member of the Upper Austrian Landtag

literature

• Gustav Gregor: From the story of Woikowitz
• Karl Matzka: History of the City of Woikowitz , 1930
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . Munich, Verl. Heimatwerk, 1969
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Woikowitz: s. 39; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , Woikowitz, s. 253f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia Bd. 3, Woikowitz: s.217, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , Woikowitz, p.208f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ↑ http://biblio.unibe.ch/adam/zoom/zoom.php?col=ryh&pic=Ryh_4407_5
3. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
4. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
5. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
6. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
7. ↑ Beda Dudik: History of the Benedictine Abbey Raygern in the Markgrafthum Moravia Volume 2, p. 190
8. ↑ Hans Felkl / Erich Tomschik: Heimatbuch der Brno German Language Island , p. 88
9. ^ Streffleur's military magazine , Issue 2, p. 1682
10. ^ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: Der Kreis Nikolsburg from A to Z , 2006, p. 208
11. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amaltea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
12. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
13. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
14. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216
15. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
16. ↑ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodel: History of South Moravia, Volume 3 (2001), p 217 Woikowitz
17. ↑ Eder: Chronicle of the places Seelowitz and Pohrlitz and their surroundings , Brno 1859
18. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984