Vlasatice

Vlasatice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Brno-venkov
Area :	2294 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 56 '  N , 16 ° 29'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 55 '50 "  N , 16 ° 29' 17"  E
Height:	183  m nm
Residents :	859 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	691 30
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Moravský Krumlov - Mikulov
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Pavel Pekař (as of 2008)
Address:	Vlasatice 149 691 30 Vlasatice
Municipality number:	585025
Website :	www.vlasatice.cz

Vlasatice (German Wostitz ) is a municipality in South Moravia in the Czech Republic . It is located 17 kilometers southeast of Moravský Krumlov ( Moravian Kromau ) and belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ). The place is laid out as a Breitangerdorf .

geography

Vlasatice is located on the Miroslavka and is surrounded by the ridges of the Roßweide (207 m) and the Hochberge (211 m) in the north and the Croatian Mountains (218 m) in the south.

Neighboring towns are Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ) in the northeast, Nová Ves ( Mariahilf ) in the east, Pasohlávky ( Weißstätten ) in the southeast, Troskotovice ( Treskowitz ) in the southwest, Trnové Pole ( Dornfeld ) in the west and Branišovice ( Frainspitz ) and Vinohrádky in the northwest.

history

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The layout of the village and the ui dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The village has been recorded as the property of the Rosa Coeli monastery since 1276 and was subject to high jurisdiction from 1342 to 1633 . The place name changed from "Wassatycz" (1333) to "Wasaticz" (1370) to "Bassatitz" in the 17th century. During the Hussite Wars , the castle of the place was occupied by Taborites . Around 1428 Catholic troops recaptured the castle.

In 1538 the village received market rights from the German king and later Emperor Ferdinand I. A parish already existed in 1276. Around 1560 Protestantism took hold. In 1567 there was evidence of a Bruderhof (household) belonging to the radical Reformation - Anabaptist Hutterites , who were expelled by the landlord, Count Thurn, in 1617. Most of the Anabaptists then moved on to Transylvania . Because of the apostasy of the count during the class uprising in 1618, at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , his property was expropriated and given to Cardinal Dietrichstein. From 1622 to put recatholicization one. During the Thirty Years' War the place was plundered and devastated by imperial troops. As early as 1631, a master's degree with an assistant was assigned to the elementary school.

Registries have been kept since 1631. Online search via the Brno State Archives. Land registers have been kept since 1788. A digital local family book by Wostitz was published for the first time in 2010.

After the Turkish invasions in 1663 and 1683, only 23 out of 75 farm properties were managed. In the years 1831 and 1866 cholera raged in the village and claimed 180 and 73 victims respectively. The large ponds in the vicinity of the village that had been rich in fish until then were abandoned in 1832. In 1879 the volunteer fire brigade Wostitz was founded. Most of the inhabitants of Wostitz lived from livestock and agriculture. About 3/4 of the acreage was owned by the state estate, which also included all of the community's forests. Due to the favorable climate, sugar beets, fodder crops, potatoes, peas, cucumbers, onions and poppies were grown in addition to various types of grain. Hunting in the municipality was just as bearable, with 2,500 hares / partridges and 600 pheasants / deer being shot annually.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories against the will of the people of Czechoslovakia. The South Moravian village of Wostitz, 98.96% of the inhabitants of which belonged to the German language group in 1910 , also fell to the new state. The promised equal status of the minorities was ultimately not granted by the majority people. Measures follow, such as land reform and the language regulation. This resulted in an increased influx of people of Czech nationality through settlers and newly filled civil servants. These measures intensified tensions between the German and Czech populations. When the autonomy demanded by the German speakers was not negotiated and armed conflict threatened, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas, which was regulated in the Munich Agreement , to Germany. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Wostitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau . In 1925 the place was electrified. From 1928 there was a citizen school, which was converted into a four-class secondary school in 1938. Children from Treskowitz and Frainspitz-Weinberg also attended this school. Due to a severe winter in 1929, approximately 95% of the game died, so hunting was banned for two years.

The Second World War demanded 154 victims among the local residents and ended on May 8, 1945. The in Munich agreement transferred to Germany (1939) territories, including Wostitz were resorting to the ' Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) and again the Czechoslovakia assigned . After the Red Army troops left, the place was occupied by militant Czechs. Before the onset of excesses against the German population, many Wostitzers fled across the nearby border to Austria or were driven across . During and after the end of the war, 28 civilians from Wostitz were killed. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/46 (Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... 'not unlawful. The victorious powers of World War II took on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, to the ongoing "wild" expulsions of the German population actually not position. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Between March and October 1946 the ethnic cleansing took place , the forced resettlement of 1165 Wostitzers to West Germany. According to Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, at no time were these transports carried out in a "proper and humane" manner. 34 people could stay in the place. The assets of the German residents were confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the assets of the Protestant church were liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the local Catholic church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made any restitution .

Of the Wostitzers who fled or expelled to Austria, around 160 were able to remain in Austria. Most of the displaced were resident in Germany. Nine people emigrated to Canada, five to the USA, three each to Australia and Switzerland, two to Sweden and one each to Argentina, France, Italy and England.

Memorial of the displaced Wostitzer in Staatz / Lower Austria

In 1987, the Wostitzers erected a memorial at the foot of the northern slope of the Staatzer Burgberg in Lower Austria as a reminder.

Coat of arms and seal

The seal from the 16th century showed a Renaissance shield in which a tower building was depicted. Another smaller seal with an inscription and a more recognizable tower was introduced at the beginning of the 17th century and used until the 19th century. After that, Wostitz received an image-free community stamp that was bilingual from 1918 to 1938.

At the same time as the market uprising, Emperor Ferdinand I gave the town a coat of arms in 1538 . In blue on a green hill it is a two-lined silver tin tower with a red gable roof and golden knobs.

Population development

census	Houses	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year			German	Czechs	other
1771	157
1793	172	1070
1836	240	1312
1869	276	1749
1880	304	2060	2049	11
1890	316	1932	1932	0
1900	328	1907	1886	21st
1910	359	2035	2015	20th
1921	364	2021	1941	60	20th
1930	411	1926	1813	108	5
1939	435	1860
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: South Moravia from A – Z, Frodl, Blaschka
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984

Attractions

• Parish Church of St. John the Baptist; Uniform building from 1610 with changes from 1810. Hall-like nave, recessed rectangular choir, square west tower with curved pyramid spire. Longhouse stitch cap barrel vault with stucco ribs. Remarkable west gallery with 23 coats of arms of the Counts Thurn, who owned the Wostitz rule from 1573 to 1622 (uncovered 1907). Classicist altars and pulpit around 1830; Tabernacle Egyptizing 1812; Pulpit around. 1775; Organ 1861; 17th century baptismal font; Altarpiece by G. Herbert.
• Statues: St. Florian 1738; Joh. V. Nepomuk 1739.
• The castle on the western edge, two-storey with hipped gables, 2nd half of the 16th century, next to it (85 m) a three-storey castle tower, connected to the castle by a covered wooden corridor. Surrounded by extensive Meierhof buildings; a large bulk box goes back to the year 1449.
• A two-storey town hall was built in 1913 on the site of an older one that had been destroyed by fire.
• Eleven wayside crosses in the village and in the district were erected between 1821 and 1927.
• The wayside chapel on the northern outskirts was built around 1880.
• Memorial stone on the cemetery wall for 166 people who died of cholera in 1831.
• A war memorial was erected in 1926 for those who fell in the First World War.

Sons and daughters of the church

• Jakob Kapusta (1834–1920), priest, cathedral dean.
• Anton Heindl (1854–1927), writer.
• Georg Hanreich (1887–1955), Member of Parliament.
• Franz M. Wagner (1888–1943), priest, "pastor of the homeless in Vienna"
• Josef Flassak (1889–1970), graphic artist.
• Franz Komenda (1896–1991), local history researcher, district supervisor.
• Richard Hofmann (* 1907), writer, South Moravian Culture Prize winner.
• Anton Hammel (1912–1932), teacher, poet.
• Anton Kornherr (1925–2001), professor, regional conductor of Lower Austria.
• Siegfried Ludwig (1926–2013), Austrian politician, governor of Lower Austria.
• Klaus Kugler (* 1942), art teacher, painter, graphic artist, South Moravian Culture Prize 1991.
• Walfried Blaschka (* 1927), educator, local history researcher, folklorist, winner of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft 2009 folk award .

economy

Economically, the place was dominated by the 1700 hectare manor.

A steam mill has existed since 1917, a brickworks since 1885, and a grain cleaning and pickling plant. The former was the largest single operation. Estate with 475.5 hectares. Three annual markets are held on the Monday after Corpus Christi, before Matthew (21.9.), Before All Saints' Day (= candle market).

regional customs

Customs , fairy tales and legends :

• Customs became in the form of Easter rattles, Easter riding, by marking the field, setting up and "throwing" the maypole, on June 21 the solstice celebration, the small Kirtag, Kaiserkirtag and the two-day post-Kirtag, on April 24th the border inspection, the reading of corn, feathers worn.

Say from the place

There were a multitude of myths among German local residents:

• The sea eye

swell

• Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, teachers' association Pohrlitz Verlag, Wostitz p. 128
• Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, 1941, Wostitz p. 499.
• Working Committee of the South Moravians (Ed.): South Moravian Legends . Geislingen, Steige
• Ilse Tielsch-Felzmann: South Moravian legends . Munich, Verl. Heimatwerk, 1969
• Hans Zuckriegl: In the Thayana Fairy Tale Land, 2000
• Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 .
• Josef Freising: The market town of Wostitz and its surroundings 300 years ago, 1936
• Mikulov archive: Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna 1946
• Walfried Blaschka: Wostitz, history of a German market town in South Moravia. 1993
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 243, 266, 406, 417, 421, 422, 424, 431, 542, 546, 573, 575 (Wostitz).
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: South Moravia from AZ, 2006, Wostitz. 210

Literature and Sources

• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia 1793, Wostitz page 450
• Karl Wittek: The Anabaptists in South Moravia
• Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia topographically, statistically and historically, 1837
• Anton Schwetter, Siegfried Kern: The Political District of Nikolsburg, 1884
• Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Wostitz page 48
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia, 1990
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities, 1992
• Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945–1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
• Siegfried Ludwig : Looking back, 1996

Web links

Commons : Vlasatice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Wostitz in "Old Postcard Motifs from the South Moravian Communities"
• Wostitz in the cultural database of expellees
• Wostitz family register

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3-406-45954-4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
6. ^ Johann Eder: Chronicle of the places Seelowitz and Pohrlitz and their surroundings , 1859, 256
7. ^ Gregor Wolny , Conrad Schenkl: The Margraviate Maehren: Volume 2, Part 1 , 1827, 96
8. ↑ Bernd Längin: Die Hutterer , 1986, p. 237
9. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Vol. III, p. 131
10. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 18, 2011.
11. ↑ Family Book Wostnitz genealogie.net. Retrieved October 22, 2018
12. ^ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: Der Kreis Nikolsburg from A to Z , 2006, p. 211
13. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
14. ^ Fritz Peter Habel: Documents on the Sudeten Question , Langen Müller, 1984, ISBN 3-7844-2038-9 , land reform in the ČSR, 1919 to 1938. P. 471
15. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
16. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 244 .
17. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, Book of the Dead p. 216
18. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, p. 244, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
19. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
20. ↑ Milan Churaň: Potsdam and Czechoslovakia. 2007, ISBN 978-3-9810491-7-6 .
21. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května, 1946th
22. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
23. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria in 1945/46 . Diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
24. ↑ Břeclav 243.
25. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Vol. IV, p. 168
26. ^ Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana, 2000, self-published, p. 180f