Loděnice u Moravského Krumlova

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Loděnice
Coat of arms of Loděnice
Loděnice u Moravského Krumlova (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Brno-venkov
Area : 867 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 1 '  N , 16 ° 28'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 0 '39 "  N , 16 ° 27' 45"  E
Height: 200  m nm
Residents : 531 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 75
License plate : B.
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Jindřiška Vedralová (as of 2009)
Address: Loděnice 114
671 75 Loděnice u Moravského Krumlova
Municipality number: 594377
Website : www.obec-lodenice.cz

Loděnice (German Lodenitz ) is a municipality in Jihomoravský kraj in the Czech Republic . It is located 20 kilometers south of Brno ( Brno ). The place is laid out as a Breitstraßenangerdorf .

geography

Neighboring places are in the east Malešovice ( Malspitz ), in the south Šumice ( Schömitz ), in the west Kubšice ( Gubschitz ) and in the north Jezeřany-Maršovice .

history

The layout of the place and the "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austria) with their special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were especially in the 12/13. Century took place. The place was mentioned for the first time in 1185. In the same year, Margrave Otto von Znaim was defeated by King Friedrich of Bohemia in a battle near Lodenitz . Lodenitz is razed to the ground after this battle. At first Lodenitz was owned by the Margrave of Moravia, but later came to the Bruck Monastery, which had a Gothic parish church built in the town in 1300. In 1415 a Fridericus de Lodjenicz is notarized. The current spelling of the place has been in use since the 17th century. Registries have been kept since 1644. Online search via the Brno State Archives. In 1732 the town and field boundaries were established and house numbers were assigned in 1775. Lodenitz, which was originally administered by the Bruck monastery, came under the administration of the religious fund after its dissolution during the reign of Emperor Josef II . This sold it in 1824 to the rule Misslitz. In 1796 many children died of measles. In 1805, 1814 and 1833 there were crop failures and during the coalition wars Lodenitz was occupied and looted by French troops in 1805 and 1809. In 1832 the yellow fever raged in the village , killing 40 local residents. Around 1870 and later in 1883 the local school was expanded by one class. A volunteer fire brigade was established in 1886. In 1894 the construction of a water pipe began. The balanced warm climate and the fertile soil make the area valuable garden land for wine, fruit and vegetables of special quality. In addition to all types of grain, maize and sugar beet also grow. In addition to the usual small businesses, there were two brick factories in the village.

After the First World War and the Peace Treaty of Saint Germain in 1919, the town, 96% of which were German Moravians in 1910 , became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , new settlers and the filling of civil servants led to a large increase in the influx of people of Czech nationality. The place was electrified in 1922. The aqueduct, which had already started in 1894, was completed in 1927. Furthermore, a bus line to Raingers was set up to connect to the train to Brno. In the municipal council elections, a list of 2/3 Germans and 1/3 Czechs is agreed. There is also a German mayor and a Czech vice-mayor. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau . In 1939 a community school was opened for children from Schömitz , Malspitz , Kuprowitz and Prahlitz .

After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945) - which claimed 37 victims - the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement, including Lodenitz, came back to Czechoslovakia . Many German residents fled from the onset of excesses by militant Czechs, or crossed the border to Austria. driven . This resulted in five civilian deaths among the German South Moravians. The Beneš Decree 115/46 (Law on Exemption from Punishment) protected against legal processing of the events. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “parts of the German population” who “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. Between March and September 1946, 338 Lodenitzers were forcibly evacuated . According to Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, these transports were never carried out in a “proper and humane” manner. 34 people remained in the place. According to the Beneš decree 108, the entire property of the German residents as well as the public and church German property was confiscated and placed under state administration. The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest known seal of the place is octagonal and shows the inscription "TREV. VND. RESISTANCE. OF THE . LODNITZER ”. The coat of arms of the Bruck monastery is shown within the inscription. It shows the two people. One of them is Duke Conrad Otto and the other is his mother, the Wittelsbacherin Maria. These two are considered to be the founders of the Bruck Monastery. There is a sign between the two people, which is divided into two parts. An eagle is depicted in the upper half, while the initial "W" appears in the lower half.

A new seal was created in the 19th century. It showed a bouquet of flowers in the inscription "Municipality Lodenitz". After 1918 this seal gave way to an image-free, bilingual community stamp.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 704 623 81 0
1890 661 602 57 2
1900 752 685 62 5
1910 831 799 31 1
1921 841 504 322 15th
1930 854 513 334 7th

Personalities

  • Josef Luksch (1862–1936), member of the Moravian state parliament (1894), the Reichrat (1900) and senator in Prague (1920–1935)

Attractions

  • Parish church of St. Margareta (13th century) originally a fortified church, rebuilt in 1500 and 1582, in 1790 the north tower was dismantled due to dilapidation. Restoration in 1931.
  • Antoni Chapel
  • Memorial stone of the battle of 1185

Sources and literature

  • Robotabelizions- and Mayerschafts-Verstückungs-contract of the Lodenitz estate in Moravia, which belongs to the religious fund, in 1783
  • Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Lodenitz p. 310.
  • Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Lodenitz p. 41
  • Elfriede Klien-Paweletz: The Church in Lodenitz 1944
  • Hans Freising: The geological and landscape history of the Lodenitz mark 1972
  • Josef Glotz: Lodenitz, Fates of a South Moravian Village on the Language Border , Königsbrunn 1972
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Lodenitz: s. 17; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , Lodenitz, s. 123f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945–1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia Volume 3, Lodenitz: s.256f, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , Lodenitz, p. 109f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2006

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia, 1989, p. 9. ISBN 3-927498-09-2
  3. ↑ Acta Publica Online research requiring registration in the historical registers of the Moravian National Archives Brno ( Sardinian , German ), accessed on March 24, 2011.
  4. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia , 1837, s. 394
  5. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The circle Nicolsburg from A to Z . Südmahrischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige 2006, p. 110f
  6. ^ Wilhelm Szegeda: Heimatkundliches Lesebuch des Schulbezirks Nikolsburg, 1935, approved teaching aid, Lehrerverein Pohrlitz Verlag, p. 116
  7. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  8. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
  9. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , Lodenitz pp. 256, 573, 598.
  10. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige 2006, p. 216.
  11. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  12. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
  13. ↑ Josef Glotz: Lodenitz, Fates of a South Moravian Village , self-published in 1972
  14. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  15. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia , 1990, p.17