Cvrčovice u Pohořelic

Cvrčovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Brno-venkov
Area :	929 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 0 '  N , 16 ° 31'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 59 '39 "  N , 16 ° 30' 49"  E
Height:	182  m nm
Residents :	642 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	691 23
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Dolní Kounice - Pohořelice
Next international airport :	Brno-Turany Airport
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Lenka Šalandová (as of 2009)
Address:	Cvrčovice 74 691 23 Pohořelice
Municipality number:	550272
Website :	www.cvrcovice.cz

Cvrčovice Castle (Peters Villa)

Cvrčovice (German Urspitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located one and a half kilometers north of Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ) and belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ).

geography

Cvrčovice is located on the right bank of the Jihlava ( Hedgehog ) at the confluence of the Potůček brook in the Thaya-Schwarza valley . At Cvrčovice, the Mlýnský náhon canal is derived from the Jihlava and Potůček. The place is laid out as a street green village.

Neighboring towns are Odrovice ( Odrowitz ) in the north, Smolín ( Mohleis ) and Žabčice ( Schabschitz ) in the northeast, Úlehla and Přísnotice ( Prisnotice ) in the east, Vranovice ( Edenthurn ) in the southeast, Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ) in the south, Branišovice ( Frainspitz ) in the south-west , Šumice ( Schömitz ) in the west and Loděnice ( Lodenitz ) in the northwest.

history

The oldest news about the place comes from the year 1276, when the Altbunzlau chapter handed over the parish church to the monastery Rosa Coeli . In 1349 the village was called Vrspicz , a little later as Swerssowycz , Swyrczowycz and Swurczowicz . The majority of the village belonged to the monastery, a small part consisting of the courtyard and the fortress as a monastic fiefdom belonged to the Vladiks of Cvrčovice. The first of this family is from 1349 Mareš from Cvrčovice. In the 15th century the village died out during the Bohemian-Hungarian War. During the repopulation, the village was moved closer to the church, festivals and the Schwarzhof. The new settlers brought the “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with their special Bavarian passwords , which indicates that the settlers came from southern Germany and Austria. After the dissolution of the monastery, Jiří Žabka von Limberg acquired the village in 1537. Burian Žabka sold in 1566 the goods Prštice ( Pürschitz ) and Vlasatice ( Wostitz ) including Cvrčovice to Albrecht Černohorský von Boskowitz . After his death, his brother Johann Schembera Černohorský von Boskowitz inherited the property. He sold the rule Vlasatice-Prštice ( Wostitz-Pürschitz ) in 1572 to Franz Graf von Thurn. In 1586 the estate was divided among his eight sons. Vlasatice ( Wostitz ) fell to Heinrich Matthias and Hieronymus Wenzel von Thurn. Heinrich Matthias waived his part in favor of his brother. In 1590 Hieronymus Wenzel von Thurn sold Cvrčovice for 5,550 guilders to his brother Martin von Thurn auf Lipnitz. In 1609 he signed the fortress and the farm Cvrčovice including 12 Huben am Pergacker, vineyards near Vlasatice ( Wostitz ) and tree gardens and gardens near Smolín ( Mohleis ) to his wife for 12,000 guilders.

In 1635 the inheritance of Franz Nikolaus von Thurn, administered by the captain of the Margraviate of Moravia, Cardinal Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein , passed to his daughter Sibylle Polyxena, married von Oppersdorff . The hoof register recorded 50 properties for Cvrčovice during this period. In 1642 Sibylle Polyxena sold the Urspitz estate to Johann the Elder Guldenmüller von Guldenstein. Via his daughter-in-law Anna Katharina, the Urspitz passed to her husband Johann Reinhard Pfundenstein. At the end of the Thirty Years' War , large parts of the municipality were devastated. The Hubenvisitation of 1673 shows six new houses for Cvrčovice. In 1676 the tavern burned down, and all documents about the free wine bar and the land registers were lost. The oldest local seal of Vhrspytz also dates from 1676 .

Until 1754 Urspitz was parish in the village of Pohrlitz. The new parish was re-donated at the expense of the community. After the death of Franz Ehrenreich von Pfundenstein, the inheritance fell to his daughter Marie Anna Schiefer von Sonderndorf . In the Theresien cadastre from 1749 98 properties are shown for Urspitz. The village had 523 inhabitants at that time. In 1752 Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz bought the rule. He sold the property in 1760 to the brothers Karl, Emanuel and Piata von Drnovice. Two years later Jan von Drnovice became the sole owner of the Urspitz estate. He sold the manor in 1771 for 100,000 guilders to Karl Maximilian von Dietrichstein . In 1798 Urspitz became the administrative seat of the Dietrichsteinger estates, later this was moved to Židlochovice ( Groß Seelowitz ). In 1836 19 houses were destroyed in a major fire. The Dietrichsteiners held the property until Josef von Dietrichstein's death in 1858.

After the abolition of patrimonial Urspitz / Čvrčovice formed from 1850 a municipality in the district administration Auspitz . In 1862 another fire destroyed 15 houses in the village. After the Princes Dietrichstein died out in 1862, the Counts of Herberstein inherited the castle and the associated goods. During the Austro-Prussian War , in 1866, Urspitz was occupied by Prussian soldiers. From 1901 Urspitz including the enclave Pouzdřany ( Pausram ) belonged to the district of Nikolsburg and judicial district Pohrlitz . Most of the inhabitants lived from agriculture, whereby the viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, played no role. Different types of grain, sugar beets and potatoes were planted. In addition to agriculture, there was the usual small business in the village.

Registries have been kept since 1690. Online search via the Brno State Archives. Land registers have been kept since 1700.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that were to come to German Austria at the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories against the will of the people of Czechoslovakia. The South Moravian town of Urspitz, whose inhabitants were over 91% German Moravians in 1910 , also fell to the new state. Count Johann Josef von Herberstein owned three large estates in the village: Schwarzhof, Weißhof and Schloßhof, which were expropriated by the Czech state after 1918. In 1919 they became the property of the Peters family. In 1926 the sugar refinery in Olomouc became the owner of the goods. During the interwar period , high unemployment among the German population, measures such as the 1919 land reform , the 1926 language ordinance, massive resettlements and new appointments of civil servants by people of Czech nationality, led to increased tensions within the local ethnic groups as well as in the country. By 1930 the local share of German Moravians in Urspitz had fallen to 71%. When the autonomy required by the German speakers was not negotiated and armed conflict threatened, the Western powers prompted the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas, which was regulated in the Munich Agreement , to Germany. Thus Urspitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau from October 1st, 1938 until the end of the Second World War .

Shortly before the end of World War II, four people were killed by Soviet artillery fire. In the Second World War , the place suffered 17 victims. After its end (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1938), including the town of Urspitz, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Many of the German residents fled from the harassment that began by self-proclaimed Czech Revolutionary Guards or were wildly driven across the border into Austria . In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned in it, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” that “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. Between March 29 and October 3, 1946, 446 local German residents were forcibly resettled to West Germany . 150 Czechs remained in the place. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 . The Catholic Church in the communist era expropriated . The Czech Republic has not made any restitution .

A small number of the Urspitzers were able to stay in Austria, the remaining displaced persons were transferred to Germany.

Between 1948 and 1960 Cvrčovice belonged to the Okres Židlochovice ( Groß-Seelowitz district ). After its abolition, Cvrčovice was added to the Okres Břeclav ( Lundenburg district ). In 1961 the community had 653 inhabitants. In 1976 it was incorporated into Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ). The municipality has existed again since 1990 and since January 1, 2007 it has belonged to Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land District ). The municipality of Cvrčovice has a coat of arms and a banner.

Coat of arms and seal

In a major fire in 1676, the old seal and many documents were lost. Therefore, the owner of the lordship, Count von Thurn, gave the place a new seal. It showed the inscription "DAS-SIGEL-.ZV.AGEN.UHRSPYTZ". The seal picture consisted of a border decorated shield on which a tree is depicted. The tree stands between the years 16 - 76. Two five-petalled rose petals also adorn the shield.

After 1848, the place had only one image-free community temple, which was kept bilingual from 1922 to 1938.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	709	648	61	14th
1890	717	703	10	4th
1900	727	584	143	0
1910	733	669	61	3
1921	716	570	143	3
1930	725	515	204	6th

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Cvrčovice.

Attractions

• Church of St. James the Elder, built around 1690 under Johann Reinhard von Pfundenstein. The tower was built in 1828. In 1920, major modernization work was carried out under Josef Peters.
• Cvrčovice Castle, the former fortress was rebuilt into a small Renaissance castle in the 16th century under the Counts of Thurn. A baroque renovation took place under the Dietrichstein family in the 18th century. After 1920 it was converted into a residential building.
• Weir on the Jihlava, at the 94 m long concrete chamber building on the eastern edge of the village, the Jihlava falls four meters below the confluence of the Potůček. The Mlýnský náhon has been derived from the weir since the 15th and 16th centuries. Below the facility a Bailey bridge leads over the Jihlava.
• Statue of St. Johann von Nepomuk, at the church, created in 1734
• Statue of St. Urban from 1750, she was later transferred to the cemetery
• Anthony's Chapel

literature

• Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district. approved teaching aid. Teachers' Association Pohrlitz Verlag, 1935, p. 112.
• Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, 1941, p. 472.
• Johann Zabel: Church guide for South Moravia. Vicariate General Nikolsburg, 1941, p. 46.
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . Munich, Verl. Heimatwerk, 1969
• Laurenz Schüller: Description of the location of Urspitz. 1988.
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 37.
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , p. 243f.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Vol. 3, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 242.
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006, p. 200 f.

Web links

• Urspitz in "Old postcard motifs of the South Moravian communities"
• Cultural database of displaced persons
• Urspitz family register

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 , p. 9.
3. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
4. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia. P. 127.
5. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia: Bd. Brünner Kreis. P. 433.
6. ^ Austrian military magazine, Vol. 1-2. P. 66.
7. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 10, 2011.
8. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989. Amalthea Verlag, Vienna / Munich 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
9. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z. p. 200.
10. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938. Munich 1967.
11. ^ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it. Munich 1988.
12. ↑ ^{a b} Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216.
13. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
14. ↑ Mikulov Archives: Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna. 1946.
15. ↑ Emilia Hrabovec: Expulsion and Deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945–1947. Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna 1995 and 1996. (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe)
16. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , pp. 242, 254.
17. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae. Volume IV, p. 121.
18. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Sv.9. Ostrava 1984.