Pouzdřany

Pouzdřany
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Břeclav
Area :	1360 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 56 '  N , 16 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 56 '8 "  N , 16 ° 37' 34"  E
Height:	177  m nm
Residents :	763 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	691 26
traffic
Street:	Vranovice - Strachotín
Railway connection:	Brno - Břeclav
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Miroslav Šmarda (as of 2018)
Address:	Hlavní 99 691 26 Pouzdřany
Municipality number:	584835
Website :	www.pouzdrany.cz

Pouzdřany (German Pausram ) is a municipality in South Moravia in the Czech Republic . It is located 13 kilometers west of Hustopeče ( Auspitz ) and belongs to the Okres Břeclav ( Lundenburg district ). The village is laid out as a street green village.

geography

Pouzdřany is on the left side of the Svratka ( Schwarzach ) in the Thaya-Schwarza valley basin . To the south are the Thaya reservoirs of Nové Mlýny ( Neumühl ).

Neighboring towns are Vranovice ( Branowitz ) and Uherčice ( Ungarschitz ) in the north, Starovice ( Groß Steurowitz ) and Popice ( Poppitz ) in the east, Strachotín ( traditional costume ) in the southeast, Pasohlávky ( Weißstätten ) in the southwest, Ivaň ( Eibis ) in the west and Přibice ( Pribitz ) in the northwest.

history

Until 1150 the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German colonists from Lower Austria. The layout of the village and the "ui" dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

Pausram was first mentioned in a document in 1244. The spelling of the place changed several times over the centuries. So one wrote in 1248 "Puzrams", 1291 "Paussramb" and 1399 "Pawsrams". Heinrich von Liechtenstein sold the place around 1291. But in 1384 Pausram returned to the Liechtenstein family. The place appears in the Liechtenstein land register in 1414 with a church, three mills and 93 farmhouses. The place was later sold again.

In 1550 the Anabaptists ( Hutterites ) settled in the village. A short time later, the place is considered Lutheran. In 1556 Pausram went to Emperor Maximilian II due to a lack of inheritance . A schoolmaster can be traced back to 1568. In 1588 the schoolmaster belonged to the Anabaptist denomination. In 1574 Friedrich von Zerotin-Seelowitz was enfeoffed with Pausram. Emperor Rudolf II granted Pausram market rights in 1581 and gave permission for three, later four, annual markets. In addition, the village held a weekly market every Saturday and was allowed to collect tolls. In 1593 Pausram also received vineyard regulations from Friedrich von Zerotin-Seelowitz.

After the suppression of the class uprising in Bohemia at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , all rebellious nobles are expropriated and their goods are sold to Catholic nobles. Cardinal Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein bought Pausram and united it with the rule of Nikolsburg. After the purchase, all non-Catholics were expelled from the country. The expelled Anabaptists left Moravia and mostly emigrated to Transylvania . In the Turkish war of 1663/1664 the place was looted and burned down by Turkish troops. 64 villagers were killed. In 1832 and 1848, cholera broke out in Pausram, killing 178 local residents. A fire in 1834 destroyed the town hall. In 1855 scarlet fever raged among the local children, 53 of whom did not survive the disease. During the German-Austrian War , cholera was brought into the town by Prussian soldiers. This time 40 Pausram died from the disease. In 1869 Pausram got a stop for the Lundenburg - Brno railway line laid in 1839. A volunteer fire brigade was established in 1889. Most of the inhabitants of the place lived from agriculture. There were also two mills in Pausram in addition to the usual small businesses. However, one mill burned down in 1917 and was not rebuilt.

Registries have been kept since 1630. Online search via the Brno State Archives. Land registers have been kept since 1687.

After the First World War and the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919, the place, whose residents were 97% German-speaking in 1910, became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia . Due to the filling of civil servants and settlers in the interwar period, there was an increased influx of people of Czech nationality. By the 1930 census year, the German population had fallen to 73%. In 1938 the Munich Agreement of 1938 determined the cession of the German-speaking Czechoslovakian peripheral areas to the German Reich. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Pausram became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 86 victims among the Pausramern, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Czech "squatters" soon came and took possession of the German houses. Some of the Pausramers fled to Austria. In October 1945 the German men were interned and women and children were brought into the interior of the country for forced labor. During this time, 10 civilians died as a result of the severe mistreatment. Between March 29 and October 3, 1946, 138 Pausramers were forcibly resettled to Germany . Six German and 22 Czech citizens stayed in the place.

In 1996 the displaced people replaced the damaged roof of the local church and renovated the Rosalien chapel and the war memorial.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal came from the market survey in 1581. A heavily bulged Renaissance shield shows two diagonally crossed oak branches, each with a leaf and an acorn.

Population development

census	Houses	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year			German	Czechs	other
1793	150	820
1836	174	1,029
1869	202	1,235
1880	224	1,236	1,229	2	5
1890	242	1,296	1,149	140	7th
1900	258	1,218	1,182	28	8th
1910	252	1,213	1,173	33	7th
1921	257	1,143	903	226	14th
1930	279	1,184	863	303	18th
1939		1,000
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: South Moravia from A – Z, Frodl, Blaschka
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Pouzdřany. Basic settlement units are Pouzdřany and U mlýna.

regional customs

The town's four annual markets took place on the Monday after Maria Lichtmeß (February 2nd), after the cantata (fourth Sunday after Easter), before Peter and Paul (June 30th) and before Egidius (September 1st).

Attractions

• Church of St. Nicholas and St. Wenceslas (1291, renovated in 1498), the statues of saints was completed by Ignaz Lengelacher in 1749.
• Town houses
• Lady Chapel
• War memorial (1924)
• 2 pillars of torture
• School (1865)
• Town Hall (1834)
• Chapel of St. Rosalie on the way to Popice
• Memorial to the American pilot Fred Clifgard who died in 1945, erected in 1991
• Stately castle

Personalities

• Wilhelm von Reinländer (born June 28, 1829 in Pausram, † January 28, 1910 in Portorose), General
• Viktor Strelsky (born August 30, 1882 in Pausram; † August 3, 1964 in Graz), local history researcher
• Karl Stanzl (* 1920), church music director. Merit Medal of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

swell

• Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, teachers' association Pohrlitz Verlag, Pausram p. 99
• Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Pausram p. 19
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Pausram: p. 30; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , Pausram, p. 179f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 213, 423, 424 (Pausram).
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , Pausram, p. 160f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006

literature

• Rudolf Wolkan : History book of the Hutterite Brothers , in collaboration with the Hutterite Brothers in America and Canada, Standoff Colony near Macleod ( Alberta ), Vienna 1923.
• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia. 1793, Pausram page 290
• Franz Politzky: Local history of Pausram. 1936
• Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Pausram p. 368
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Erich Mayer: Heimat Pausram. 2004
• Felix Ermacora : The Sudeten German questions , legal opinion, publisher: Langen Müller, 1992, ISBN 3-7844-2412-0

Web links

Commons : Pouzdřany  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Pausram in "Old Postcard Motifs of the South Moravian Communities"
• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/584835/Pouzdrany
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
6. ↑ Bernd Längin: Die Hutterer , 1986, p. 237.
7. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 29, 2011.
8. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
9. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, Book of the Dead p. 216
10. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 213 (Pausram).
11. ↑ Mikulov Archives: Odsun Nĕmců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna, 1946
12. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, p. 244, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , Pausram p. 213, 423, 424.
13. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities, 1992, Pausram page 174
14. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/584835/Obec-Pouzdrany