Kurdějov

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Kurdějov
Kurdějov coat of arms
Kurdějov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Břeclav
Area : 926 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 57 '  N , 16 ° 46'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 57 '8 "  N , 16 ° 46' 4"  E
Height: 236  m nm
Residents : 421 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 693 01
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Hustopeče - Velké Hostěrádky
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Jaroslav Matýšek (as of 2018)
Address: Kurdějov 1
693 01 Hustopeče u Brna
Municipality number: 555282
Website : www.obec-kurdejov.cz
Fortified church of John the Baptist

Kurdějov (German Gurdau ) is a municipality in South Moravia in the Czech Republic . It is located three kilometers northeast of Hustopeče ( Auspitz ) and belongs to the Okres Břeclav ( Lundenburg district ). The place is laid out as a street green village.

geography

The village, surrounded by vineyards, extends in the Boleradická vrchovina, a southwestern branch of the Steinitz Forest ( Ždánický les ), in the basin of the Kurdějovský creek. To the north rises the Holý vrch (401 m), in the northeast the Přední kout (410 m), southeast the Slunečný vrch ( Sunnberg , 283 m), in the south the Zrcátko ( Wechselberg , 305 m), southwest the Hustopečský starý vrch ( Altenberg , 311 m) and northwest of the Kamenný vrch ( quarry mountain , 343 m).

The neighboring villages are in the northwest Nová Ves and Křepice , in the west Hustopeče ( Auspitz ), in the south Starovičky , in the southeast Horní Bojanovice , in the east Boleradice , in the northeast Diváky and in the north Nikolčice .

history

Gurdau fortified church (1936)

The Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with its special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, especially in the 12th / 13th centuries. Century took place. Gurdau was first mentioned in a document in 1286. This document speaks of a firmly built church of the Teutonic Order . This church was the only fortified church in South Moravia. In 1541 Anabaptists ( Hutterites ) came to the place. In the following years of the Reformation , part of the village became Lutheran. The Anabaptists were expelled from the town in 1618, but despite the subsequent re-Catholicization , some of the local residents remained Protestant until 1673. Most of the displaced Anabaptists moved on to Transylvania . In 1573 a heavy thunderstorm destroyed part of the harvest.

Shortly before the end of the Long Turkish War , the village was ravaged by Turkish soldiers. During the Thirty Years War Gurdau was sacked in 1625 by the troops of the Transylvanian Bethlen Gabor . They killed or abducted more than 400 people from Gurdau. In 1643 the village was sacked again by Swedish troops. Two years later the plague raged in Gurdau and killed most of the residents. The local parish was then dissolved. After the Thirty Years War , the reconstruction of the village began. But during the Turkish War of 1663/1664 , Turkish troops came to Gurdau and deported a large part of the population. The victory of the imperial under Raimondo Montecuccoli at the Battle of Mogersdorf in 1664 averted this danger for the next few decades. In 1692 Gurdau came to the family of Liechtenstein, the Gurdau later I Emperor Franz resell. As a result, the village remained under the administration of the Habsburgs until 1918 .

In 1705 Gurdau was visited by the Hungarian Kuruc . The parish registers of the place were conducted since the 1621st Online search via the Brno State Archives. Land register records have existed since 1590. After almost 140 years, the place becomes an independent parish again in 1785. Over the centuries, the spelling of the place changed several times. For example, in 1286 "Ciurdiow" was written, in 1483 "Gurde" and from 1655 "Gurdau". Later in 1718 and 1751 the place was spelled as "Kurdau". Most of the inhabitants of Gurdau lived from agriculture. Viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries, has a special place here. About 1/6 of all cultivation areas were used for wine growing.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. Gurdau, which in 1910 was 99.7% inhabited by German South Moravians , also fell to the Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , general measures such as the land reform in 1919 and the language regulation in 1926 reinforced the settlement of Czechs. as well as the emerging aspirations for autonomy of the Germans. They led to tensions within the country and further to the Munich Agreement , which regulated the transfer of the areas predominantly inhabited by Germans to Germany. Between 1938 and 1945 the place Gurdau belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 72 victims among the Gurdauers, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Before the onset of harassment and torture by militant Czechs and national militias, many of the German citizens fled across the border into Austria. They hoped to be able to return to their homeland soon after these riots. These post-war excesses resulted in three civilian deaths among the German South Moravians. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... as not unlawful. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Between May 20 and October 3, 1946, 178 German-Moravian Gurdauer were forcibly resettled to West Germany. According to Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, at no time were these transports carried out in a "proper and humane" manner. 36 people remained in the village, which was resettled. According to the Beneš decree 108, the entire property of the German residents as well as the public and church German property was confiscated and placed under state administration. There was no compensation from the Czech Republic.

With the exception of 136 families, all those who were in Austria were deported to Germany in accordance with the “transfer” goals mentioned in the Potsdam communiqués. Two people became resident in England.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal has been known since 1490. It shows a branch and a fish crossing each other. Later seals show the same content, just a little more artistic.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1793 700 - -
1836 954 - - -
1869 978 - - -
1880 1,060 1,029 30th 1
1890 1.010 980 23 7th
1900 993 986 7th 0
1910 945 937 2 6th
1921 916 881 19th 16
1930 965 917 23 25th
1939 929 - - -
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: South Moravia from A – Z. Frodl, Blaschka
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. sv.9. 1984

Attractions

  • Church of St. John the Baptist (1350, remodeled in 1718, renovated in 1919 and 1936) The original church was a fortified church from the Middle Ages and is surrounded by a strong, high wall with loopholes. The tower is 45 m high and free-standing.
  • All Saints Chapel (1213)
  • Kamenný vrch natural monument on the mountain of the same name
  • Statue of St. Anthony of Padua

Say from the place

There were a multitude of myths among German local residents:

  • After a long absence, a man from Gurdau arrived late at night at the Auspitz train station. In the moonlight he walked briskly towards Gurdau. When he saw the village from afar, he took a shortcut through the fields instead of the village road. Suddenly an elderly farmer appeared next to him. The man greeted him in a friendly way and asked: "Hello, Pregert Vetter, what are you doing on this way at midnight?" However, the addressee did not say a single word and so both went on in silence. When they reached the old cemetery, the old man suddenly disappeared. When the man told the story, everyone was very surprised because the old farmer he had gone with had died six months ago.
  • A young couple from the village married without their parents' consent. The daughter's mother did not want to deny her the dowry in the form of a field, but she gave her the worst reason she had. Good wine grew on this, but the cultivation of the soil took a lot of effort. Every time the young man struggled there, he scolded horribly: "This is a job for the devil, the devil should be damned, I must owe it to my mother-in-law, because she is up to the devil." When the young spouse cursed in the field, he heard a terribly droning voice that said: "Help haun, help haun, help cut!" When the man looked around for the voice, he was terrified. A being came up to him that looked like the person who was incarnate. In fear, the farmer dropped his hoe and ran over hill and dale back into the village. Since that day no curse has come from his lips.

literature

  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Gurdau: p.12; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 .
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , Gurdau p.86f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 214, 406, 421, 573 (Gurdau).
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , Gurdau s.86f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006.
  • Franz Joseph Schwoy: Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia. 1793, Gurdau page 127.
  • F. Katzourek: The former Gurdau church festival. 1924.
  • Gustav Gregor, Josef Maschke: History of the local community Gurdau. 1957.
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige.

Web links

Commons : Kurdějov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

supporting documents

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/555282/Kurdejov
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia, 1989, p. 9
  4. ↑ Katzourek: The former church festivals Gurdau , 1924
  5. ↑ Bernd G. Längin : Die Hutterer, 1968, p. 237
  6. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia , 1836, p. 279
  7. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 25, 2011.
  8. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  9. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
  10. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216
  11. ^ A b Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  12. ↑ Mikulov Archives: Odsun Nĕmců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna , 1946
  13. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
  14. ↑ Ludislava Šuláková, translated by Wilhelm Jun: The problem of the deportation of Germans in the files of the Municipal People's Committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Nikolsburg: Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001 p. 45f, ISSN  0562-5262
  15. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  16. ↑ Emilia Hrabovec: Expulsion and Deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945–1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
  17. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 214 (Gurdau).
  18. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Bl. IV, p.241
  19. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Gurdau p.17
  20. ↑ South Moravian Yearbook, 1989, pp. 131f