Březí u Mikulova

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Březí
Březí coat of arms
Březí u Mikulova (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Břeclav
Area : 1309 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 49 '  N , 16 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 49 '6 "  N , 16 ° 34' 3"  E
Height: 191  m nm
Residents : 1,646 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 691 81
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Mikulov - Drnholec
Railway connection: Břeclav – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Petr Sýkora (as of 2018)
Address: Hlavní 113
691 81 Březí u Mikulova
Municipality number: 584371
Website : www.brezi.cz
Place view

Březí (German: Bratelsbrunn ) is a municipality in the Okres Břeclav in the Czech Republic . It is located 6 km northwest of Mikulov ( Nikolsburg ) in the South Moravia region . The border with Austria runs one kilometer south of the village. The place is laid out as a Breitstrasse village.

geography

The neighboring towns are in the east Mikulov ( Nikolsburg ), in the northeast Bavory ( Pardorf ), in the north Dolní Dunajovice ( Untertannowitz ) and in the west Dobré Pole ( Guttenfeld ).

history

Bratelsbrunn was first mentioned in 1249 and was owned by Heinrich I of Liechtenstein . From 1348 the place was owned by the Rosa Coeli monastery . However, the monastery was dissolved in 1526 and so Bratelsbrunn became the property of the Bohemian-Hungarian king and later emperor Ferdinand I. Over the centuries, the spelling of the place changed several times. So one wrote 1309 "Bretensprvn", 1332 "Pritresprvnn", 1352 "Pretsprvn", 1398 "Wratisprvn", 1492 "Praitensprvn", 1576 "Preittesprvnn" and finally from 1751 "Bratelsbrun".

After the village was deserted at the beginning of the 16th century, Bratelsbrunn was repopulated under Franz von Thurn-Valsasina in the years 1576–1585. The Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with special Bavarian passwords , which was spoken until the fateful year 1945, indicates that these new settlers came from Austria and southern Germany. In 1618 the place was bought by the Teufenbach family. During the Thirty Years War , the place was heavily devastated by the imperial and the Transylvanians under Gábor Bethlen . Bratelsbrunn was also plundered by the French in 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars . In the years 1831 and 1850, cholera claimed a total of 128 victims in Bratelsbrunn. In 1858 a major fire destroyed 34 houses.

The first school lessons took place in 1696, and the first church consecration in 1696. It has had its own parish since 1740. In 1880 Bratelsbrunn received a stop on the new railway line from Lundenburg to Znojmo . The main occupations were viticulture and agriculture . The existing sulphurous mineral spring was used in the bath house. In 1880 the place received a stop on the Lundenburg-Znaim train connection. In the same year a volunteer fire brigade was founded in Bergen. Most of the population lived from agriculture, with viticulture, which is otherwise important in South Moravia, only played a subordinate role. In addition to the usual small business, there was also a mill, a dairy and a sawmill. In addition, many women made gloves, hairnets and mother-of-pearl buttons at home .

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . A war memorial commemorates the victims of this war. Březí / Bratelsbrunn became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia . On December 12, 1918, Czech troops entered the town. During the interwar period , new settlers and newly appointed civil servants increased the influx of people of Czech nationality. This was reinforced by the land reform from 1924, in which mostly Czech settlers were given the existing grounds. Due to a lack of raw materials, the until then important industry of mother-of-pearl turning died in the village. Březí was electrified in 1926. After the Munich Agreement , the place fell to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 . Due to the now free sales markets in Vienna, there was an economic upswing. Two people died in an air raid on October 11, 1944 on the station premises.

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 92 victims among the local residents, the community came back to Czechoslovakia. Many German residents fled from the onset of harassment by militias across the nearby border to Austria. Others were driven across the border . There were eleven civilian deaths. Between March and July 1946, 602 Bratelsbrunners were forced to move to West Germany. According to Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, these transports were not carried out in a “proper and humane” manner. Seven people remained in the village.

The Bratelsbrunners located in Austria were, with the exception of 166 people, deported to Germany in accordance with the goals set out in the Potsdam Agreement . 1 person was resident in Switzerland and 1 in the former GDR. A memorial in the center of Wildendürnbach in Lower Austria commemorates the expulsion of the Bratelsbrunners.

The place resulted in 1740 from the year parish registers . Online search via the Brno State Archives. Land registers have been kept since 1797.

Coat of arms and seal

Since 1650 the place has had both a seal and a coat of arms. In both there was a round walled fountain with a towering rod, between a bucket and a star on each side.

Population development

census Houses Residents Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year All in all German Czechs Other
1793 191 1,086
1836 265 1,569
1869 281 1,605
1880 283 1,702 1,695 0 7th
1890 307 1,769 1,758 9 2
1900 337 1,888 1,859 20th 9
1910 349 1.931 1,922 1 8th
1921 356 1,726 1,636 24 66
1930 408 1,757 1,563 150 44
1939 1,663

Attractions

  • Parish Church of St. John (rebuilt in 1858 in neo-Romanesque style)
  • Trinity column St. Florian
  • Emperor Josef II Monument (1910)
  • Town Hall (1845)
  • Post Office (1882)

Personalities

  • Friedrich Wymetal (born July 18, 1877 in Brno, † August 9, 1935 in Bratelsbrunn) bird and butterfly researcher
  • Hans Greger (born January 29, 1881 in Bratelsbrunn, † September 11, 1964 in Vienna), hotelier and politician, member of the Burgenland state parliament

swell

  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia , Bratelsbrunn, p. 3, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Bratelsbrunn, S. 37f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 233 (Bratelsbrunn).
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , (2008), Bratelsbrunn, p. 49f
  • Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, Bratelsbrunn: page 72

literature

  • Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia. 1793, Bratelsbrunn: page 72
  • Czechoslovak Statistics, Vol. 98, Volume VI. Series 7, issue / I; Statistical yearbook 1938
  • Anton Kreuzer: The medieval Bratelsbrunn. 1985
  • Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Bratesbrunn p. 14
  • Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 .
  • Karl Heinz Bauer: Regest of the documents of the municipality Bratelsbrunn 1576-1753. 1969
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Franz Peyer: memorial book of the local community Bratelsbrunn for the years 1836-1895. 1991

Web links

Commons : Březí u Mikulova  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/584371/Brezi
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  4. ^ University of Giessen (Ed.): Sudetendeutschesverzeichnis Vol. 1, 1988, Oldenbourg Verlag, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
  5. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  6. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: Der Kreis Nikolsburg from A to Z , 2006, p. 51
  7. ^ A b Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 233 (Bratelsbrunn).
  8. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216.
  9. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května, 1946th
  10. ↑ Ludislava Šuláková, translated by Wilhelm Jun: The problem of the deportation of Germans in the files of the Municipal People's Committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Nikolsburg: Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001 p. 45f, ISSN  0562-5262
  11. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
  12. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  13. ↑ Emilia Hrabovec: Expulsion and Deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
  14. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 20, 2011.
  15. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities, 1992, Bratelsbrunn page 37.
  16. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv. 9th 1984