Velké Němčice
| Velké Němčice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Břeclav | ||||
| Area : | 2198 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 0 ′ N , 16 ° 40 ′ E | ||||
| Height: | 180 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,772 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 691 63 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Hustopeče - Židlochovice | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | Městys | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | František Smetana (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Městečko 85 691 63 Velké Němčice |
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| Municipality number: | 585009 | ||||
| Website : | www.velkenemcice.cz | ||||
Velké Němčice (German Groß Niemtschitz ) is a minority town in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers northwest of Hustopeče and belongs to the Okres Břeclav .
geography
Velké Němčice is located on the left side of the Svratka on a terrace between the river and the Křepický brook. The town is located at the foot of the hills of Boleradická vrchovina in the northeast of the Thaya-Schwarza valley . In the east rise the Křepická stará hora ( Framberg , 322 m) and the Punty ( Punkenberg , 283 m) and to the southeast the Růžová ( Rosenberg , 283 m). The D 2 motorway runs one kilometer to the east . To the north is the Výhon Nature Park. To the south lies the Bradač marshland.
Neighboring towns are Nosislav , Boudky and Zeleňák in the north, Moutnice and Nový Dvůr in the northeast, Křepice in the east, Kurdějov and Nová Ves in the southeast, Starovice and Uherčice in the south, Vranovice in the southwest and Přísnotice in the northwest.
history
The first written mention of Velké Němčice came in 1228 as the property of the Velehrad Monastery . The Cistercians maintained a grangie and ran viticulture and cattle breeding. In addition, the monks had fish ponds built on the Svratka. In 1334 Margrave Karl Velké Němčice confirmed the jurisdiction over the neck. In the 14th century, the Velké Němčice monastery pledged to Milota von Tworkau . He had the monastery courtyard converted into a fortress. The first news about a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary comes from 1392. The Lords of Tworkau sold the Velké Němčice estate in 1492 to Wilhelm II of Pernstein . Velké Němčice reached its heyday during the 16th century. When the Pernsteiners sold the now desolate festivals to Sigmund Held von Kement in 1549, Velké Němčice was called a town. In the same year Ferdinand I. granted Velké Němčice the privilege to hold two annual markets and one weekly market at Held's request. At that time there was a Protestant parish in Velké Němčice. Held had the massive water festival on the Svratka remodeled into a splendid, representative building. On October 8, 1562, Emperor Ferdinand I elevated the fortress to a chateau and Velké Němčice to the town with the right to build town fortifications and seal it with red wax. Held was unable to realize his plans to expand Velké Němčice into a town and mansion, he died in 1564. After that, the owners changed frequently. Among them were the Lords of Boskowitz and the Counts of Thurn.
In 1605, Velké Němčice was completely reduced to rubble by the Hungarian rebels under Stephan Bocskai . Velké Němčice at that time consisted of 87 farms. Two fifths of the agricultural area was used for viticulture . The oldest local seal with the inscription SIGILLVM OPPIDVLI MEGALO NIEMCINSIS dates from the first half of the 17th century . On January 4, 1621, the town was again burned down by Gábor Bethlen's Hungarian troops after Bethlen's army had overrun the imperial between Hustopeče and Velké Němčice. After the battle of the White Mountain , the goods of the rebel Johann Jakob von Thurn were confiscated. The first school in Velké Němčice is documented in 1622. In 1623 Bethlen's troops again devastated the town, the castle and the church.
The allodial property Velké Němčice, valued at 90,000 guilders, was bought by Stephan Schmidt von Freyhofen in 1626. He immediately sold the associated village of Popice to Cardinal Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein , who incorporated it into his rule in Nikolsburg . In 1627 Schmidt sold the town of Velké Němčice to the administrator of the Dietrichstein property, Simon Kratzer von Schönsberg. During the re-Catholicization in 1627 the parish went out and the pastor of Nosislav took over the spiritual duties . Kratzer sold the castle and town in 1642 for 47,000 guilders to Johann von Montrochier. Since 1642, teaching was again in private homes. At the end of the Thirty Years War, Velké Němčice was harassed by the Swedes in March 1645 after Torstensson occupied the Seelowitz Castle . On May 25, 1652 a Catholic pastor was reinstated in Velké Němčice. The Meierhöfe Baudeck, Grünbaum and Neudorf were also part of the parish. Franziska Countess von Fürstenberg, who had inherited the estate from her mother Ursula von Egkher, left the inheritance to her brother Johann Ernst von Montrochier on November 28, 1661. In 1663, Tatar and Cuman departments of the rebellious Transylvanian prince Franz I. Rákóczi invaded Velké Němčice. In the hoof register of 1667, 47 desert and 44 farmed properties are shown for Velké Němčice, another 13 were newly settled and were still within the deadline. On July 25, 1667, Johann Ernst von Montrochier exchanged the allodial property Velké Němčice with Johann Friedrich von Trauttmansdorff for a cash payment of 60,000 guilders for the Větrný Jeníkov property . He had the village of Neudorf / Nová Ves built southeast of the small town, which consisted of five properties and was initially also called Friedrichsdorf / Ves Fridrichova after him. Trauttmansdorff sold Velké Němčice as early as 1668 for 55,000 guilders to Donat Johann Heißler von Heitersheim , who passed the estate on to Friedrich Emmerich Schipko von Schihoffen the following year with a surcharge of one hundred ducats. In 1673 a third of the farms were still desolate. The number of inhabitants at that time is estimated at 400. In 1733 the Brotherhood of St. John of Nepomuk, which was banned by Joseph II.
In 1736 Friedrich Emmerich's son Johann Wilhelm Schipko von Schihoffen appointed his wife Anna Barbara Roden von Hirschenau as a universal heir. She managed the Allodialgut Velké Němčice and the Freihof Boudek in the ruin. In 1753 she had to cede her possessions to Count Philipp Serényi. After his death, Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz bought his possessions for 109,000 guilders and 1,000 ducats. He died in 1765 without male descendants and the inheritance fell to his nephew Karl von Haugwitz . On March 20, 1774, his widow Josepha von Trachenberg sold the allodial property Velké Němčice including four Meierhöfen and three sheep farms for 163,070 guilders to Prince Karl von Dietrichstein , who attached it to his rule Seelowitz . In 1791 the town consisted of 176 houses and had 865 inhabitants. In 1819, Karl's son Franz Joseph, together with the Seelowitz reign, also sold the Groß Niemtschitz estate to Albert Kasimir von Sachsen-Teschen , the purchase price for Groß Niemtschitz being 250,000 guilders. In 1831, 31 residents died in an epidemic of vomiting. In 1834, 1,144 people lived in the 205 houses of the market town.
After the abolition of patrimonial Velké Němčice / Groß Niemtschitz formed from 1850 a market town in the district authority Auspitz and judicial district Seelowitz. At that time 1381 people lived in the place. Between 1855 and 1867 the place belonged to the Seelowitz district and after its abolition again to the Auspitz district. In 1880 the market had 1568 inhabitants and in 1890 there were 1578. Since the end of the 19th century, Groß Niemtschitz tried in vain to get a connection to the northern railway network . During this time the road connections Brno - Židlochovice, Velkě Němčice - Hustopeče and Šitbořice - Křepice - Vranovice were established. The school was also destroyed in the major fire of 1900. In 1910, 1561 people lived in Groß Niemtschitz. After the district town of Auspitz and the southern neighboring towns had been added to the German Reich in 1938 as a result of the Munich Agreement , Velké Němčice was on the German border. The market town of Velké Němčice was then assigned to the Political District of Brno and the judicial district of Židlochovice until 1949 . In 1949 the Okres Hustopeče was restored. After its abolition in 1960, Velké Němčice belongs to the Okres Břeclav . Since November 2006 Velké Němčice has again the status of a minor town.
Local division
No districts are shown for Městys Velké Němčice. The settlements Boudky ( Baudeck ) and Nová Ves ( Neudorf ) belong to Velké Němčice . Basic settlement units are Boudky and Velké Němčice.
Attractions
- Velké Němčice Castle, built for Sigmund Held von Kement from 1550 onwards, was redesigned in the middle of the 17th century under Johann von Montrochier. After joining the Seelowitz rulership, the castle served as a farmyard. In 1918 it was confiscated as the property of the House of Habsburg and became a state property. The palace park was destroyed between 1945 and 1946 and the municipal office, a cinema, a restaurant and a kindergarten were later built on its premises. The sculptures from the chateau park are now at the entrance to the church in Židlochovice. From 1948 the building served as a school. Today the plant is owned by various traders.
- Church of St. Wenceslas and Vitus, the building originally consecrated to the Virgin Mary, received its present appearance from 1652 when it was rebuilt under Johann von Montrochier after its destruction in 1605. The tower was given its current shape during the renovation in 1873.
- Kaštílek Castle Chapel, on the hill behind the castle, which was built in the 18th century, is in a ruinous state
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
- Pieta statue
- Plácky nature reserve, wetland with salt-loving vegetation, south of the village on Bradač
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/585009/Velke-Nemcice
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/585009/Obec-Velke-Nemcice