Podivín

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Podivín
Podivín coat of arms
Podivín (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Břeclav
Area : 1775 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 50 '  N , 16 ° 51'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 49 '32 "  N , 16 ° 50' 54"  E
Height: 164  m nm
Residents : 3,011 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 691 45
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: D2 Brno - Břeclav
Railway connection: Brno - Břeclav
structure
Status: city
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Stanislav Machovský (as of 2018)
Address: Masarykovo nám. 180/20
691 45 Podivín
Municipality number: 584797
Website : www.podivin.cz

Podivín (German Kostel , also Podiwin ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers north of Břeclav and belongs to the Okres Břeclav .

geography

Podivín is on the left side of the Trkmanka above its confluence with the Thaya . To the south are the romantic ruins of the Hansenburg Castle and to the south-west are the Lednice minaret . The lines of the Brno - Břeclav railway line , the 425 highway and the D 2 / E 65 motorway run parallel to the eastern periphery . Podivín has a train station and a motorway exit.

Neighboring towns are Trkmanice in the north, Velké Bílovice in the northeast, Moravský Žižkov in the east, Ladná in the southeast, Lednice and Nejdek in the southwest, Bulhary in the west and Přítluky and Rakvice in the northwest.

history

Archaeological finds prove a settlement since the Stone Age. For the years 1062 and 1121 there are several mentions of a castle Castrum Poduin in the Chronica Boemorum . According to Cosmas of Prague , the builder of the castle was a wealthy Jew named Podiva. At the same time there was a manorial court ( curtus ) and the fortified settlement of Sekyrcostel , which have now risen up in the city. Historical and numismatic sources suggest that the place was an important long-distance trading post on the transit route to Hungary . There was also a mint and one of the early churches in Moravia. From 1062 the Prague and Olomouc dioceses fought for decades over the property and income from long-distance trade and coins. In 1144, the Olomouc bishop Heinrich Zdik had the right to mint coins in Poduin from Conrad III. grant, in 1178 the collegiate monastery in Vyšehrad received the right to the exceptionally high annual payment of 4,000 denarii from customs. It was not until 1221 that the dispute was finally decided in favor of the Prague diocese.

A city elevation is mentioned for the year 1222, while other sources give the time between 1228 and 1248. In a document of Wenceslas II from 1297 Podivín or Kostel was designated as a city; a city seal has been handed down since that time. The owners changed many times until the 16th century. In 1422 the Roman-German King Sigismund enfeoffed the Counts of Liechtenstein with Podivín. However, from 1422 to 1434 the city was in the hands of the Hussites . The castle became extinct around 1500. In 1533 the Bohemian Brothers founded a congregation, five years later a congregation of the Hutterites was formed .

After Johann von Žerotín became the owner of Podiwin in 1559, Podiwin became part of the Lundenburg domain . In 1605 troops from Transylvania invaded Moravia under Prince Bocskaj and plundered Kostel several times. In 1618 there were 140 Jews in Podiwin / Kostel, in 1690 there were 70. After the battle of the White Mountain , at the beginning of the Thirty Years War , Ladislav Velen von Zerotein lost his property. The Liechtenstein family received the rule of Lundenburg. During the Thirty Years War the place was looted several times in 1619 and 1621.

After the abolition of patrimonial Podivín formed from 1850 a municipality in the district of Hodonín . At that time, 2195 people lived in the city. From 1880 the Jewish village formed its own community. In 1900 Podiwin had 2750 inhabitants, at the same time there were 506 Jews in Judendorf (Židovská Obec). In 1919 the Jewish village was incorporated. In addition to the Jewish minority, there was also a German minority in Kostel until 1945. Both population groups each made up a tenth of the population. The Jewish community was destroyed during the German occupation. After the Second World War, Podivín came to the Okres Břeclav .

City structure

No districts are shown for the city of Podivín.

Attractions

Podivín Church
  • Church of St. Peter and Paul, the parish church that has been documented since 1222, is located at the highest point in the city. It received its present form during the renovation between 1791 and 1794.
  • underground chapel Cyrilka, the chapel consecrated to St. Cyril and Methodius in 1858 was built at a spring where the two apostles are said to have performed religious acts
  • Jewish cemetery with approx. 1000 gravestones (see also former synagogue )
  • Janův Hrad ( Hansenburg )
  • Lednice minaret

literature

  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. (1990)
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. (1992)
  • Blaschka, Fordl: South Moravians from A to Z. (2006)

Web links

Commons : Podivín  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.uir.cz/obec/584797/Podivin
  2. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. Vratislav Vaníček: . Vratislav II (I). První český král . Vyšehrad 2004, ISBN 80-7021-655-7 , pp. 65-66.