Pavlov u Dolních Věstonic

Pavlov
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Břeclav
Area :	1303 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 52 '  N , 16 ° 40'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 52 '28 "  N , 16 ° 40' 16"  E
Height:	245  m nm
Residents :	585 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	692 01
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Dolní Věstonice - Milovice
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Zdeněk Duhajský (as of 2018)
Address:	Na Návsi 88 692 01 Pavlov
Municipality number:	584771
Website :	www.obec-pavlov.cz

Pavlov (German Pollau , formerly Paulow ) is a municipality in the South Moravia region in the Czech Republic . It is located 20 kilometers northwest of Břeclav ( Lundenburg ) and belongs to the Okres Břeclav ( Lundenburg district ).

geography

Pavlov / Pollau with castle ruins Děvičky ( Maidenburg ) and Děvín ( Maidenberg )

Pavlov is located in the north of the Pollau Mountains , which form the northernmost foothills of the Waschberg zone , on the Thaya reservoir Nové Mlýny ( Neumühl ). The Děvín (549 m) ( Maidenberg ) rises to the southwest . To the west are the ruins of Děvičky Castle ( Maidenburg ). The village is laid out as a longitudinal triangular tangler village.

Evidently, as early as 1675, the Pollau people drove their cattle to the Millowitzer Hutweide, which stretched on both sides of the Runzengraben (moat) to the former Leluschteich. There the statue of St. Leonhard stood shielding in the field (thick moata). At that time, this area belonged to the municipality of Millowitz.

Neighboring towns are Popice ( Poppitz ) in the north, Šakvice in the northeast, Zaječí ( Saitz ) and Nové Mlýny ( Neumühl ) in the east, Milovice ( Millowitz ) in the southeast, Klentnice ( Klentnitz ) and Perná ( Bergen ) in the southwest, Spalená Hospada and Horní Věstonice ( Ober Wisternitz ) in the west and Dolní Věstonice ( Unter Wisternitz ) and Strachotín ( costume ) in the northwest.

history

Several of the most important sites of the Upper Palaeolithic in Central Europe can be found in the municipality . B. Pavlov I . Archaeological excavations have been carried out since 1952. The extensive finds led to the archaeological cultural name Pavlovien , a regional variant of Gravettien . Remnants of the Cro-Magnon man were found here. In addition, 7 completely found wolf skeletons proved an early taming and a first breeding of dogs.

The village was first mentioned in a document in 1334 and belonged to the Nikolsburg rule until 1848 . The current spelling of the place has been in use since 1504. The place was previously written as "Pavlove" (1334) or "Polaw" (1436). During the Hussite Wars at the beginning of the 15th century, the place and the church were captured, looted and sacked by the Hussites . Only with the victory over the radical Hussites (Taborites) in 1434 did peace return to Moravia and Pollau could be rebuilt.

Wayside shrine near Pavlov with a view of the Děvičky ruins

In 1543, the Anabaptists settled in the town in the form of the Hutterite Brothers , which meant that they were evangelical for the next few decades. Due to the importance of viticulture in the village, Pollau was given mining law in 1589. After the victory of the imperial troops in the Battle of White Mountain at the beginning of the Thirty Years War , the Counter Reformation began in Moravia. As a result, the Reformation Anabaptists were expelled from the country in 1622. Most of them moved on to Transylvania . Pollau was plundered until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and finally almost completely cremated. In 1713 a major fire destroyed part of the village. During the Revolutionary Wars , the place was occupied by French troops in 1805 and 1809, which caused high costs to the place. In 1833 another major fire raged in Pollau. A public aqueduct was laid in 1844. During the German War , the place was briefly occupied by Prussian soldiers. In 1876 a volunteer fire brigade was founded in Pollau. Most of the inhabitants lived from agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries, occupying a special position. In addition to the usual small business, there was a lime kiln (until 1885), a quarry and a field brick kiln (until 1925).

Registries have been kept since 1579. Online search via the Brno State Archives. Land registers have been kept since 1785.

After the break-up of Austria-Hungary , the South Moravian town of Pollau, 99.7% of which was inhabited by German South Moravians in 1910 , became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic. With the Munich Agreement , Pollau became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1, 1938 .

After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Pollau, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Many German South Moravians fled to Austria before the excesses caused by militant Czechs. Others were driven across the border . There were 16 civilian deaths.

Coat of arms and seal

Pollau has had a local seal since 1575 . Its appearance changed over the centuries, but it always included a Renaissance sign depicting a fish with two grapes.

Population development

census	Houses	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year			German	Czechs	other
1793	182	940
1836	190	935
1869	197	981
1880	205	1,112	1.110	2	0
1890	224	1,123	1,123	0	0
1900	232	1,117	1,117	0	0
1910	247	1.105	1.102	3	0
1921	250	1,116	1.107	5	4th
1930	260	1,089	1,075	11	3
1939		987
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: Frodl, Blaschka: South Moravia from A – Z. 2006
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984

Attractions

• Church of St. Barbara, formerly a chapel (1658), renovated and rebuilt in 1740
• War memorial (1921)
• Elementary school (1740, new building 1862)
• Chapel with statue of Our Lady (1866, removed after 1945)
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
• Statue of St. Florian (1713)

Customs, legends

• At Pollau there is a rock formation called "the three petrified virgins". According to a legend, a Mongolian princess and two maids stayed at the Maidenburg. The lord of the castle killed all three and threw them out the window to get to their treasures. The next morning the three women were petrified and stood as a memorial in front of the castle. As a result, the Mongol Khan and his hordes are said to have invaded the country to seek revenge.

Personalities

• Christian Schneider (* 1742), priest and missionary.
• Josef Maca (* 1921), editor of the Pollauer Heimatbuch, recipient of the Prof. Josef Freising Prize.

swell

• Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district. Approved teaching aid, teachers' association Pohrlitz Verlag, 1935, Pollau p. 94f.
• Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Pollau: p. 378.
• Johann Zabel: Church guide for South Moravia. 1940, Pollau: p. 36.
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , Pollau: p. 31.
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , Pollau, pp. 186f.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 210, 229, 408, 417, 422-428, 432, 573 (Pollau).
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006, Pausram, p. 169f

literature

• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia. 1793, Polau p. 303.
• Rudolf Wolkan : History book of the Hutterite Brothers , in collaboration with the Hutterite Brothers in America and Canada, Standoff Colony near Macleod ( Alberta ), Vienna 1923.
• Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, Verlag Lehrerverein Pohrlitz, Pollau p. 94
• Richard Folk: Local history of Pollau. 1951.
• Josef Maca: Pollauer Heimatbuch. Self-published, 1994.
• Mountain regulations for the village of Pollau. 1589.
• Hans Freising: A Middle Bronze Age hoard from Pollau, Nikolsburg district. 1965.
• Bohuslav Klíma: The Neolithic mammoth hunter settlements in Unterwisternitz and Pollau in South Moravia. 1991.

Web links

Commons : Pavlov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/584771/Pavlov
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. ISBN 3-927498-09-2 .
4. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of South Moravian Dialects 1981-1998
5. ^ Josef Maca: Pollauer Heimatbuch. Selbstverlag, 1994, p. 309.
6. ^ E. Trinkaus, JA Svoboda, P. Wojtal, M. Nývltová Fišáková, J. Wilczyński: Human remains from the Moravian gravettian: morphology and taphonomy of Additional elements from Dolní Věstonice II and Pavlov I. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 20, 2010 , Pp. 645-669
7. ^ Günter Smolla: Neolithic cultural phenomena: Studies on the question of their formation. P. 88.
8. ↑ P. Wojtal, J. Wilczynski, Z. Bocheński, J. Svoboda: T he scene of spectacular feasts: animal remains from Pavlov I south-east, the Czech Republic. Quaternary International, 252, 2012, pp. 122–141 DOI: 10.1016 / j.quaint.2011.06.033
9. ^ Richard Folk: Local history of Pollau. P. 5.
10. ^ Karl Wittek: The Anabaptists in South Moravia
11. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine encyclopedia of viticulture in South Moravia. Self-published, supported by the cultural department of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government.
12. ↑ Bernd Längin: The Hutterites. 1986, p. 237.
13. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 9, 2011.
14. ^ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ. 2006.
15. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216.
16. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities, 1992. Pollau p. 181.