Nové Mlýny

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Nové Mlýny
Nové Mlýny does not have a coat of arms
Nové Mlýny (Czech Republic)
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Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Břeclav
Municipality : Přítluky
Area : 373 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 51 '  N , 16 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 51 '29 "  N , 16 ° 43' 55"  E
Height: 168  m nm
Residents : 151 (March 1, 2001)
Postal code : 692 01
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Zaječí - Milovice

Nové Mlýny (German Neumühl ) is a district of the municipality Přítluky in the Czech Republic . It is located 16 kilometers northwest of Břeclav (Lundenburg) and belongs to the Okres Břeclav . The place is laid out as a street green village.

geography

The Nové Mlýny Rundling is located on the left bank of the Thaya below the dam of the Nové Mlýny dam . To the northeast rises the Přítlucká hora ("Prittling"; 292 m) and to the south the Milovická pahorkatina . In the southwest are the Pollau Mountains .

Neighboring towns are Šakvice in the north, Zaječí in the northeast, Přítluky in the east, Bulhary in the south, Milovice in the west and Pavlov in the northwest.

history

Barge crossing over the Thaya

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1019 to 1027 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). Until 1150 the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The layout of the village and the ui dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The first documentary mention of the village took place in 1368. According to Urbar 1414, the already deserted Nikoltschitz was repopulated. In 1558, Hutterite Anabaptists leased an empty mill from the Eisgrub lordship ( Liechtenstein ) and founded a Bruderhof . The brotherhood was given permission to brew beer and to trade freely with Hungarians. Under Peter Walpot , mayor of the Hutterite Brothers from 1565 to 1578, Neumühl developed - alongside Nikolsburg - into the administrative, economic and intellectual center of the Hutterites. So they established an early industrial economy with over 34 different professional groups. These produced not only for the brotherhood, but also for non-Anabaptists. The Hutterites also began to be active in missionary work. So soon around 30,000 people belonged to the brotherhood.

In 1576, Charles the Elder of Žerotín (Karel starší ze Žerotína) plundered the place. In 1596 the village was badly haunted by Poles, in 1605 by Hungarians and Tatars, and in 1619 by the imperial and estates. After the victory of the imperial troops in the battle of the White Mountain at the beginning of the Thirty Years War , the Hutterites were expelled from the country in 1622. Most of them moved on to Transylvania . Neumühl was then repopulated by the local farmers and remained under the rule of Eisgrub until 1848 and thus under the administration of the Liechtenstein family . Registries have been kept since 1657. Land registers have been kept since 1771. A single-class elementary school has existed since 1791.

After the abolition of patrimonial Neumühl formed a community in the Auspitz district from 1850 . A cable ferry ran across the Thaya to Millowitz . Most of the population lived from agriculture, with viticulture, which is otherwise important in South Moravia, playing a subordinate role.

In 1918 Neumühl, whose residents were more than 97% German-speaking in 1910, fell to the newly founded Czechoslovakia , and in 1938 to the German Reich due to the Munich Agreement . After the end of the Second World War, the local German residents were expelled .

In 1960 Nové Mlýny was incorporated into Přítluky . In 1975 the construction of the Thayatalsperre began. The system consisting of three reservoirs in the confluence of the Svratka and Jihlava rivers was completed in 1988 and has a water surface of 3,226 hectares. In 2001 the village consisted of 41 houses in which 151 people lived.

Coat of arms and seal

The community seal was from 1749. It showed a mill wheel with the inscription "SIGIL NVIE.MILL 1.7.4.9."

Population development

year Houses Total
population 		Ethnicity of the inhabitants
German Czechs other
1793 46 251
1836 50 313
1869 55 275
1880 56 279 273 6th 0
1890 59 280 268 12 0
1900 59 267 267 0 0
1910 59 249 241 8th 0
1921 56 247 220 26th 1
1930 59 250 183 63 3
1939 219
1991 0
2001 151
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: South Moravia from A – Z, Frodl, Blaschka
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv. 9th 1984

1936 ferry accident

Memorial to the ferry disaster
Nové Mlýny today

On May 26, 1936, at 8 a.m. in Neumühl, a serious ferry accident occurred in which 31 children from Rakwitz drowned in the Thaya. It is also known as the Rakwitz tragedy (Rakvická tragedie) .

The 106 Rakwitz students were on their way to a school trip to the Pollau mountains . The convoy of eight horse-drawn vehicles crossed the Thaya near Neumühl. After the first two crossings, the ferry was overloaded the third time and came under the water level in the middle of the river. It ran full and went under in seconds. Of the 52 students on the ferry, 31 drowned. To commemorate the accident, President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk had a memorial stone erected in Neumühl.

Attractions

  • Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk, built in 1776
  • Memorial to the Rakwitzer tragedy in the Thaya .

swell

  • Anton Kreuzer: History of South Moravia. Volume 3: Alfred Schickel , Gerald Frodl: History of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2001, pp. 210, 425, 431, 573, 577.
  • Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Nikolsburg district from A to Z. Population, corridors, extensions, monuments, facilities, trade and change, club life, history, customs and famous people, collected and processed based on the records of the district supervisors and supplemented by statistical data. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006, p. 136.

literature

  • Josef Beck (ed.): The history books of the Anabaptists in Austria-Hungary, regarding their fates in Switzerland, Salzburg, Upper and Lower Austria, Moravia, Tyrol, Bohemia, South Germany, Hungary, Transylvania and South Russia in the period from 1526 to 1785 (=  Fontes rerum Austriacarum. Section 2: Diplomataria et acta. Vol. 43, ISSN  0071-688X ). Gerold, Vienna 1883 (reprint. De Graaf, Nieuwkoop 1967).
  • Gregor Wolny : The Anabaptists in Moravia, Vienna 1850
  • Loserth Johann. The communism of the Moravian Anabaptists in the 16th and 17th centuries: contributions to their history, doctrine and constitution. Carl Gerold's son, 1894
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann (Ed.): South Moravian Legends. Heimatwerk publishing house, Munich 1969.
  • Vlastimíl Vlèek: Planning of the Neumühl dam in the March catchment area. 1970.
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland. Folk songs and dances from South Moravia. 2nd Edition. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1984.

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/736325/Nove-Mlyny
  2. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
  3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
  4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  6. ↑ Astrid von Schlachta : Hutterite Confession and Tradition (1578-1619). Established life between order and ambivalence (=  publications by the Institute for European History Mainz. Department for Occidental Religious History. Vol. 198) von Zabern, Mainz 2003, ISBN 3-8053-3271-8 , p. 24.
  7. ↑ Gerd Ströhmann: Education rituals of the Hutterite Anabaptist community. Community education in the context of different times and cultures (=  historical-comparative studies on international educational dialogue. Vol. 2). Lit, Münster 1999, ISBN 3-8258-3978-8 , p. 35 (also: Hildesheim, Univ., Diss., 1997).
  8. ↑ Bernd G. Längin : The Hutterites. Prisoner d. Past, pilgrims of the present, prophets of the future. Rasch and Röhring, Hamburg a. a. 1986, ISBN 3-89136-061-4 , p. 237.
  9. ↑ Online search via the Brno National Archives. Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives in Brno (cz., Dt.). Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  10. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května, 1946th
  11. ↑ Ludislava Šuláková, translated by Wilhelm Jun: The problem of the deportation of Germans in the files of the Municipal People's Committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Nikolsburg: Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001 p. 45f, ISSN  0562-5262
  12. ^ Auspitzer district. Brno 1924, p. 99.
  13. ↑ http://www.czso.cz/csu/2009edicniplan.nsf/t/010028D080/$File/13810901.pdf