Sedlec u Mikulova

Sedlec
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Břeclav
Area :	2078 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 47 '  N , 16 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 46 '54 "  N , 16 ° 41' 59"  E
Height:	187  m nm
Residents :	869 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	691 21
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Valtice - Mikulov
Railway connection:	Břeclav – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Marian Pánek (as of 2018)
Address:	Sedlec 92 69121 Sedlec u Mikulova
Municipality number:	584878
Website :	www.sedlecumikulova.cz

Sedlec (German Voitelsbrunn ) is a municipality in Jihomoravský kraj , Okres Břeclav in the Czech Republic . The place is laid out as a Linsenangerdorf .

geography

Sedlec is located to the left of the Včelínek / Niklasgraben creek east of the town of Mikulov ( Nikolsburg ) near the border with Austria at the foot of the Milovická pahorkatina . The closest border crossing on the Austrian side is Drasenhofen . In the north rise the Altenberg (253 m nm) and the Vlčí lesík ( wolf forest , 304 m nm) with the Vysoký roh ( Hohe Eck , 308 m nm), to the northeast the Blandourek ( Bründelberg , 252 m nm) and in the northwest the Mušlov ( Muschelberg , 240 m nm). To the north are the Mušlovský horní rybník and Mušlovský dolní rybník fish ponds at the Mušlovský potok .

The neighboring towns are in Milovice ( Millowitz ) in the north, Bulhary ( Pulgram ) and Nejdek ( Neudek ) in the northeast, Lednice ( Eisgrub ) and Hlohovec ( Bischofswarth ) in the east, Valtice ( Feldsberg ) in the southeast, Úvaly ( Garschönthal ) in the south, Steinebrunn and Drasenhofen in the southwest and Mušlov and Mikulov ( Nikolsburg ) in the northwest.

history

In 1298, when the Falkenstein reign was founded, the village was first mentioned under the name "Foydesprvn" when it was acquired by Seifried the orphan. In 1305 it was named "Woisprunie", in 1332 "Foydasprunn", since 1408 "Voytesprunn" and since the 17th century the name Voitelsbrunn. The word ending “prunie” or “prunn” indicates that the town was founded around 1000 to 1100. Likewise, the layout of the place and the "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with their special Bavarian passwords , which were spoken in 1945, point to a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were especially in the 12th / 13th centuries . Century took place. They brought new agricultural cultivation methods and agricultural implements made of iron with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The place was part of the Nikolsburg rule between 1332 and 1560. Between 1545 and 1591, according to other sources until 1623, there were Reformation Anabaptists in the village who built a parish hall and three brother farms. 1560 can be found in the directory arable (Real Estate) only German inhabitants. The re-catholicization of the place to fight the new faiths took place in the second half of the 16th century under Adam von Dietrichstein .

Registries have been kept since 1608. The land registers have been kept since 1710.

During the Thirty Years' War , the place was heavily devastated by the armies of Bethlen Gábor . The last Anabaptists were also expelled from the country in 1622, after which they moved on to Transylvania . From 1671 there are school lessons. The schoolhouse is also a tavern, town hall and pastor's apartment. Around 1680 the existing sulfur spring was acquired by the Dietrichsteiners, expanded in 1770 and turned into a princely bath house.

In 1833 a major fire destroyed 32 houses. During the German-Austrian War , in 1866, Cholera was introduced into the village by Prussian soldiers, which claimed 60 deaths. With the expansion of the railway, the place is connected to the railway network in 1872. A volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1892. Most of the residents of Voitelsbrunn lived from agriculture (144 farms). Viticulture, which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, played a special role in the village and was sold in large quantities. Due to the phylloxera plague in 1864, however, the area under cultivation decreased drastically and by 1945 the area under vines had decreased by 80%. In addition to the small business, there was also a dairy and a mill in the village. The Steindammteich was fished every two years and brought in about 2,500 quintals of carp.

After the end of the First World War , the multi-ethnic state of Austria-Hungary fell apart . 36 men were killed in the fighting. Czech troops marched into Voitelsbrunn on December 15, 1918. At that time, 99% of the local population was of German origin. Despite a signature campaign for the connection to German Austria, the place was awarded to Czechoslovakia by the Treaty of St. Germain in September 1919 . In 1920 the municipality was expanded to include corridors to the right of the Niklasgraben with the Haidhof, which had previously belonged to the Lower Austrian municipality of Steinebrunn . In the interwar period , there was an increased influx of residents of Czech nationality. They were mainly used as border guards, railroad workers and postal workers. In 1924 they built residential units, two farms and a Czech kindergarten and school. The place was electrified in 1927. In the same year a telephone was installed in the place. Within the municipality, the construction of three bunker lines for the Czechoslovak Wall began in 1936 . The growing desire for autonomy of the Germans led to tensions within the country and subsequently to the Munich Agreement , which regulated the cession of the Sudeten German territories to Germany. On October 8, 1938, German troops moved into Voitelsbrunn. Subsequently, the place belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 .

The Second World War claimed 64 victims among the local residents. When the Red Army took the place on April 21, 1945, five civilians were killed. After the end of the Second World War, the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement in 1938, including Voitelsbrunn, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . Many of the German residents fled from the harassment by militant Czechs or were wildly driven across the border into Austria . Other civilians died as a result of post-war excesses. Between March and October 1946, the last 154 German South Moravians were forcibly resettled to West Germany .

With the renovation of the still existing grave crosses, the main cemetery cross (1994) and a martyr in front of the church (2006), the former local residents of Voitelsbrunn commemorated their ancestors and fallen people.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Sedlec. Basic settlement units are Sedlec and Sedlec-Kolonie. The one-layer Ovčárna ( Haidhof ) also belongs to Sedlec .

Coat of arms and seal

A seal has been known since 1583. It shows a renaissance sign with a plow iron. Later seals also show a vine with two grapes each to the left and right of the plow iron.

Population development

census	Houses	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year			German	Czechs	other
1793	131	660
1836	153	857
1869	178	893
1880	188	969	955	6th	8th
1890	200	1,000	955	45
1900	217	1,035	989	42	4th
1910	240	1,035	1,023	7th	5
1921	246	1,146	933	159	54
1930	282	1,151	895	221	35
1939		1,078
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: South Moravia from A – Z, Frodl, Blaschka
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984

regional customs

Rich customs as well as numerous fairy tales and legends enriched the lives of the German locals who were expelled in 1945/46:

• Parish fair on the Sunday after St. Vitus (June 15), from the 1880s on the first Sunday after the Assumption of Mary (August 15).

Attractions

Historic Buildings:

• Sulfur bath (17th century), renovation (1780)
• Parish church St. Vitus / Veit, originally a fortified church (around 1300), renovated in 1923
• the Meierhof and various press houses
• Moravian landlord's castle with cellar and grain pit
• Town Hall (1910)
• War memorial (1923)
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk (1657)

Sons and daughters of the place

• Josef Frodl (born March 16, 1899, † October 7, 1965 in Munich), educator, local researcher
• Otto Holzer (born June 21, 1903, † June 18, 1987 in Wiesloch-Baiertal), local researcher

Literature and Sources

• Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district. Approved teaching aid, teachers' association Pohrlitz Verlag, Voitelsbrunn 1935, page 40.
• Gregor Wolny : The Anabaptists in Moravia. Vienna 1850.
• Anton Kreuzer: History of South Moravia. Volume I.
• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia. Voitelsbrunn 1793, page 429.
• Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Voitelsbrunn 1941, p. 472.
• Mikulov archive: Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna. 1946.
• Otto Holzer: Local history of Voitelsbrunn. 1951.
• Otto Holzer: Dear Voitelsbrunn 1981.
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Franz Schuster: Memories of our home community Voitelsbrunn.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 219, 221, 223, 409, 411, 414, 417, 422, 425, 427, 428, 524, 573, 577 (Voitelsbrunn).
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , Voitelsbrunn p. 18
• Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
• Peter Glotz : The displacement , Ullstein, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-550-07574-X
• Mikulov archive: Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna 1946
• Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: Nikolsburg district from A – Z. 2006, Voitelsbrunn page 201f
• Otto Holzer: Dear Voitelsbrunn , Verlag Hans Memminger, Freiberg / N., 1981.

Web links

• Voitelsbrunn in "Old postcard motifs of the South Moravian communities"
• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/584878/Sedlec
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia, 1989, p. 9
4. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
5. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 19, 2011.
6. ↑ Bernd Längin: Die Hutterer , 1986, p. 237
7. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 263
8. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: Der Kreis Nikolsburg from A to Z, 2006, p. 201f
9. ↑ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace. St. Germain and the Consequences, Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich 1989
10. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
11. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, Book of the Dead p. 216
12. ↑ Mikulov Archives: Odsun Nĕmců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna, 1946.
13. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 222
14. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/584878/Obec-Sedlec
15. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , 1992, Zemské desky Brno IV / 78; Statní oblastní archiv, Brno D7 / 418B, G125 / 1230; Liechtenstein Archive Vienna / Vaduz