Reichsgau Niederdonau

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Ostmark 1941: Reichsgaue, rural and urban districts

The Reichsgau Niederdonau ( Ahnengau des Fuehrer in the NS language usage ) was one of seven Reichsgau of the German Reich in 1938 annexed Austria and consisted of parts of Lower Austria , Burgenland as well as southeastern parts of Bohemia and southern parts of Moravia , which due to the Munich Agreement 1938 of of Czechoslovakia had been assigned. The Reichsgau Niederdonau existed from 1938 to 1945. From 1939 to 1942 the seven Reichsgaue in the former Austria were referred to as Ostmark , from 1942 as Alpen- und Donau-Reichsgaue in order to remove any reference to the former Austria .

history

The Party Gaue system was introduced by the NSDAP in 1925 and adapted in 1941 to organize the party's administration. In 1927 it was also taken over by the Austrian National Socialists (in Lower Austria under Josef Leopold ). After the National Socialists came to power in the German Reich, the Gaue gradually replaced the previous states such as the Free State of Prussia as administrative units from 1933 . After the annexation of Austria in 1938, it was divided into seven Reichsgaue on May 1, 1939 .

A Gauleiter stood at the head of every Reichsgau . These became particularly powerful after the outbreak of World War II when they also became Reich Defense Commissioners . The Gauleiter was responsible for propaganda, surveillance, the forced laborers and, from September 1944, for the newly established Volkssturm . The Gauleitung had its seat first in Krems an der Donau , then from 1938 in Vienna IX in the building of the Gymnasium Wasagasse , which had previously been attended by a particularly large number of Jewish students. The planned expansion of Krems failed due to the war.

On October 15, 1938, 97 municipalities were separated from Lower Austria and combined with Vienna to form the second largest German city ( Greater Vienna ). The districts of Eisenstadt , Neusiedl am See , Mattersburg and Oberpullendorf of the disbanded Burgenland came to Lower Austria for this purpose. On January 9, 1939, Lower Austria was enlarged by seven South Moravian districts, which had previously belonged to the Czechoslovak Republic, plus Gmünd (Lower Austria) and Theben ( Devín near Pressburg).

In 1937, Dr. iur. Roman Jäger is an illegal Gauleiter in Lower Austria . In the so-called Gau Niederdonau in 1938 and the Reichsgau Niederdonau formed on May 1, 1939 , Hugo Jury acted throughout the entire period as Gauleiter and in personal union as Reich Governor from 1940, and from 1942 also as Reich Defense Commissioner . His deputy as Gauleiter was Karl Gerland , and as Reich Governor, District President Erich Gruber .

From April 1939 six district councilors were appointed as advisors to the district leader: Alois Forst (district leader of the DAF ), Franz Rehling (district manager NSV ), Ludwig Uhl (district leader Lilienfeld), Ferdinand Ulz (district leader Wiener Neustadt) and Walter Wolf (district manager for agricultural policy) .

Administrative units

At the end of 1938, the Niederdonau Gau was divided into 21 districts, 633 local groups, 2119 cells and 8085 blocks.

In 1939, after several changes, the Gau finally consisted of the following circles:

City districts

  1. City district Krems (also Gau capital)
  2. City district of Sankt Pölten
  3. City District Wiener Neustadt

Counties

  1. Amstetten district
  2. Baden district
  3. District of Bruck an der Leitha
  4. Eisenstadt district
  5. District of Gänserndorf
  6. District of Gmünd
  7. Hollabrunn district
  8. District of Horn
  9. Korneuburg district
  10. District of Krems
  11. Lilienfeld district
  12. District of Melk
  13. District Mistelbach an der Zaya
  14. District of Neubistritz
  15. Neunkirchen district in Niederdonau
  16. Nikolsburg district
  17. District of Oberpullendorf
  18. District of Sankt Pölten
  19. Scheibbs district
  20. Tulln district
  21. District of Waidhofen an der Thaya
  22. District of Wiener Neustadt
  23. Znojmo district
  24. District of Zwettl

Public officials

The following people belonged to the Gauleitung:

  • Gauleiter: Hugo Jury
  • Deputy Gauleiter: Karl Gerland
  • Gaustabsamtsleiter: Otto Ifland
  • District organization manager: Karl Hofmann
  • Treasurer: Karl Mackensen
  • District inspector: Heinz Kubelke
  • Gaupropagandaamt: Hans Goger
  • Gaupersonalamt: Theodor Holezius
  • Regional training office: Dr. Roman hunter
  • Gaupresseamt: Hans Schopper
  • Managing director of the party liaison office for Bohemia and Moravia at the Reich Protector: Gauamtsleiter Gustav Adolf Schulte-Schomburg
  • District judge: Florian Musil
  • Regional economic consultant: Doz. Robert Schmied
  • DAF district attorney: Alois Forst
  • Chief editor of the Gau daily newspaper: Roderich Müller-Guttenbrunn
  • Public Health Office: Dr. Richard Eisenmenger, i. V. Dr. Leopold Tangl
  • Office for Educators: Otto Winkler, i. V. Leopold Lindbichler
  • Office for Technology: i. V. Ing. Josef Sturm
  • Public Welfare Office: Franz Rehling
  • Office for civil servants: Richard Jury, i. V. Edmund Beranek
  • Local Politics Office: Dr. Sepp Mayer
  • Office for Agricultural Policy: Walter Wolf
  • Legal office: Dr. Leopold Gawanda, i. V. Dr. Paul Lux
  • Racial Policy Office: i. V. Dr. Anton Fehringer
  • Gaugrenzlandamt: Helmut Triska, i. V. Franz Burri
  • Office for NSKOV .: i. V. Viktor Neumüller
  • National Socialist Women: Anni Vietoris
  • Leader of the Hitler Youth area Niederdonau: Kurt Sommerfeld, Alfred Schopper, Josef Krackler-Semmler
  • Leaders of the BDM-Upper Danube: Hildegard Naber-Binder, Hilde Ernsthofer, Ruth Maier

concentration camp

Ten concentration camps were located in this Reichsgau, all of them sub-camps of the Mauthausen concentration camp :

euthanasia

In the institutions in Gugging , Mauer-Öhling and Ybbs , euthanasia and forced sterilization measures were carried out during the National Socialist regime.

literature

  • Stefan Eminger (Ed.): Lower Austria. From the First World War to the present . Innsbruck 2013 (with Ernst Langthaler).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Nazi district. German Historical Museum . Retrieved January 4, 2017.
  2. ^ The "Anschluss" of Austria in 1938. German Historical Museum . Retrieved January 4, 2017
  3. ^ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: Niederdonau: Lower Austria in the Third Reich 1938-1945 . In: Stefan Eminger, Ernst Langthaler (Hrsg.): Lower Austria in the 20th century. tape 1 : politics. Böhlau, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-78197-4 , p. 82 f .
  4. ^ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: Niederdonau: Lower Austria in the Third Reich 1938-1945 . In: Stefan Eminger, Ernst Langthaler (Hrsg.): Lower Austria in the 20th century. tape 1 : politics. Böhlau, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-78197-4 , p. 82 .
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Reichsgau Niederdonau. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ Gauorganisationsamt of the NSDAP and authority of the Reichsstatthalters in Vienna (ed.): Ostmark Jahrbuch 1941 . Carl Ueberreuter Verlag, Vienna 1941.
  7. ↑ Michael Buddrus: Total education for total war: Hitler Youth and National Socialist youth policy . Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-096795-1 .
  8. ^ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: Niederdonau: Lower Austria in the Third Reich 1938-1945 . In: Stefan Eminger, Ernst Langthaler (Hrsg.): Lower Austria in the 20th century. tape 1 : politics. Böhlau, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-78197-4 , p. 92 ff .

Web links

Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '  N , 15 ° 38'  E