National Socialism in the Scheibbs district

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This article serves to summarize the information and sources available from the time of National Socialism in the Scheibbs district (Lower Austria). From 1938 to 1945 the district of Scheibbs was part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau in the Ostmark (from 1942 Alpine and Danube Reichsgaue) in the Greater German Reich .

Development of National Socialism

Before the rise of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party) , the Greater German People's Party , the German Gymnastics Association and the Südmark School Association were key gathering points for later National Socialists. There were branches of the Südmark school association in Gaming, Gresten, Puchenstuben and Steinakirchen. The German Gymnastics Club was active in Gaming, Gresten, Scheibbs, Purgstall, Oberndorf, Lunz am See and Wieselburg. The Greater German People's Party was able to collect votes in elections, especially in Gaming, Göstling, Gresten, Scheibbs, Steinakirchen and Wieselburg. From 1930/31 the first local NSDAP groups were founded in Scheibbs, Purgstall, Gresten, Göstling and Gaming. According to an estimate by the gendarmerie, the number of members of the NSDAP was estimated at 529 in 1933. There were local groups in Scheibbs, St. Anton, Neustift, Wieselburg, Purgstall, Gaming, Göstling, Gresten, Lunz, Puchenstuben, Randegg, Oberndorf, Langau and Steinakirchen.

Election results from 1927 to 1932

The following table shows the rise of the NSDAP in the context of democratic elections from 1927 to 1932:

Political party NRW 1927 NRW 1930 LTW 1932
Christian Social Party 70.95% 56.42% 59.26%
Social Democratic Workers' Party of German Austria (SDAPDÖ) 27.41% 25.64% 23.55%
Greater German People's Party - 7.09% 3.37%
Landbund 0.30% - -
Home block - 6.73% -
NSDAP 0.52% 3.40% 11.04%
KPÖ - 0.02% 0.92%

In 1932 the NSDAP tripled its share of the vote in the entire district and gained 11.01% of the votes cast. In Purgstall , Scheibbs and Steinakirchen , the NSDAP achieved the largest share of the vote (31.18%, 27.48% and 23.75%).

Illegality 1933 to 1938

In the period between the “ parliamentary elimination ” and the “ Anschluss ”, when the NSDAP was banned in Austria between 1933 and 1938, the National Socialists launched a series of propaganda activities and disruptive actions. On June 11, 1933, a mast of the power line in Rogatsboden was blown up. 22 people were arrested, 18 of whom were convicted. As part of the July Agreement , 22 people (6 from Steinakirchen, 4 from Scheibbs, 4 from Gaming, 3 from Lunz, 2 from Wieselburg and one each from St. Anton, Oberndorf and Purgstall) returned from detention camps (Stein, Kaisersteinbruch , Wöllersdorf ) . Furthermore, five administrative offenders were released for criminal offenses under the Prohibition Act.

Anschluss and referendum in 1938

In communities with mayors not closely related to National Socialism, community administrators were appointed immediately after the Anschluss , who were later formally appointed mayors (Wieselburg: Anton Fahrner, Gaming: Leander Grabner, Lunz am See: Rudolf Crammer, Purgstall: Josef Fabris, Steinakirchen: Anton Aigner , Scheibbsbach: Ferdinand Jagetsberger). In the referendum of April 10, 1938 (“Do you agree to the reunification of Austria with the German Reich on March 13, 1938, and do you vote for the list of our Führer Adolf Hitler?”), 20 “no” votes were received in the Scheibbs district cast (and 21 invalid votes), 10 of them in gaming (and another 5 invalid votes).

The connection was welcomed in several comments in the Erlaftal-Bote.

“We turn our gaze away from the gloomy images of the past, we look with unswerving firmness and clarity into the bright tomorrow of a secure German future and know we are united with our nationwide German people in the steely determination to achieve an overcoming (sic! ) Sieg Heil!"

- FR : Erlaftal-Bote, edition 12/1938 , 1938

“The swastika flag is blowing from the tower. The new time rises into the day. O happiness, oh bliss! [..] Dear God, how I thank you for letting me experience this most beautiful day of my life. Found home! Hail Hitler!"

- Gutlederer : Erlaftal-Bote, edition 12/1938 , 1938

National Socialists

Significantly active people from the Scheibbs district during National Socialism.

District management

The Scheibbs district management in the Niederdonau Gau, located at Hauptstrasse 22 in Scheibbs, included:

  • District leader : Otto Rößler (1938–1940), Hans Schrenk (1940–1945)
  • Head of organization: Rud. Albrecht (Scheibbs)
  • Managing Director: Ernst Fuchs (Scheibbs)
  • Further functionaries of the district leadership: Heinrich Leditznik (representative for race policy, Scheibbs), lawyer Jelinek (head of the local government department, Scheibbs), Paul Grabner (technical advisor, Wieselburg), Franz Mittner (district representative for war victims, Steinakirchen), Otto Reich (district farmer leader , Steinakirchen), Friederike Filzwieser (woman leader, gaming), Karl Grubmayer (district representative for NSV, Scheibbs), Robert Groß (head of the legal office, Scheibbs), Alois Tüchler (head of the office for educators, Gresten), Hans Schrenk (district treasurer until 1940 , Gaming), Josef Glax (District Treasurer from 1940), Josef Heinisch (District Speaker), Othmar Leopold (District Speaker, District Propaganda Leader), Josef Lifka (Training Manager, Scheibbs), W. Löwenstein (Propaganda, Scheibbs), Alfred Ritter (Press Office Manager, Scheibbs) , C. Lindemayer (Personnel, Scheibbs), Karl Grabner (Head of the Office for Civil Servants, Scheibbs), Julius Wurzer (Head of the District Office Administration DAF, Purgstall), Fra nz Schwarz (Head of the Office for Crafts and Trade, Scheibbs), Siegried Leys (Head of the Office for Public Health, Oberndorf).

District councils

As district councilors from 1940: Heinrich Jelinek (district chairman for local politics, Scheibbs), Leopold Schoder (Scheibbs), Julius Wurzer (district chairman DAF, Purgstall), Josef Rettl (gaming), Konrad Etzelsbichler (Robitzboden), Anton Fahrner (mayor of Wieselburg) .

District administrators

District captain Ernst Ritter von Obentraut (until April 1938), Wilhelm Kummert (1938–1940) and Hermann Denk (1940–1945) were appointed as district administrators.

Blood order bearer

Proposal list No. IV of March 16, 1939

No. Surname place
Franz Schweighofer Lunz am See

Proposal list No. VII of May 30, 1939

No. Surname place
Alois Fritz Wieselburg / N.-D.
Anton Hawelka Wieselburg / N.-D.
Franz Muckenhuber Gaming / N.-D.
Anton Schellenbacher Purgstall / N.-D.
Hans Schrenk Gaming / N.-D.
Hans Siebenhandl Purgstall / N.-D.
Wieland Josef Gaming / N.-D.

Proposal list No. VIII of June 27, 1939

No. Surname place
Hans Parzizek Steinakirchen / N.-D.
August Schillinger Oberndorf ad Melk / N.-D.
2050 Florian Simetzberger Steinakirchen / N.-D.

Proposal list No. XIV of December 7, 1939

No. Surname place
Josef Neuböck Purgstall / N.-D.

More National Socialists

  • Ernst Burian: Head of the HJ military training camp in Lunz am See
  • Hermann Senkowsky (1897–1965): born in Scheibbs, Austrian customs officer and SS leader
  • Emmo Langer (1891–1949): born in Purgstall, Austrian politician (NSDAP), member of the Lower Austrian state parliament, district leader for the district above the Vienna Woods from 1930, 24th mayor of St. Pölten (1938–1945)

denazification

From mid-May 1945, former members of the NSDAP were registered and high-ranking officials were arrested in June 1945. 58 people were detained, 23 people were under police supervision.

Convictions

Several convictions of National Socialists were reported in the press:

  • Leopold Winterer (Steinakirchen): Death sentence according to §1 KVG ( War Crimes Act (KVG) ) for triple murder (carried out on May 10, 1946)
  • Johann Schrenk (Scheibbs): sentenced to 15 years in prison for various offenses under the KVG and VG ( Prohibition Act ) and murder
  • Ernst Burian (Lunz): sentenced to life imprisonment for complicity in multiple assassinations and numerous war crimes
  • Johann Parzizek (Steinakirchen): sentenced to 1 year in prison for high treason (involvement in the demolition of telephone lines in 1934, already sentenced to 5 years in prison in 1934)
  • Johann Hartmann (Steinakirchen): sentenced to 3.5 years in prison for crimes under the VG
  • Walter Leitner (Scheibbs): sentenced to 8 months in prison for mistreating a Jew in Hagendorf concentration camp
  • Eduard Lebhard (St. Georgen / Leys): sentenced to 20 years in prison for the murder of 2 Russian prisoners of war on April 16, 1945
  • Michael Lautermüller (St. Georgen / Leys): sentenced to 20 months in prison for denunciation
  • Wilhelm Löwenstein (Scheibbs): sentenced to 1 year imprisonment for § 11 (10) VG
  • Emilie Pöckl (Gresten): sentenced to 7 years in prison for violating human dignity (§ 11 VG)

Victims of National Socialism

Persecution of Jews

As early as June 1938, four Jewish men, all of them business people, from the Scheibbs district were arrested as part of the first wave of arrests.

In November 1938 , 23 Jews and their wives and children from the Scheibbs district were arrested.

At least 85 members of the IKG Ybbs / Amstetten fell victim to the Shoah .

Deprivation of property

The property transfer office expropriated the property of at least 49 Jewish people from the Scheibbs district . The expropriated assets included the Mahler paper company from Wieselburg and the Glesinger family's Alpenhotel Gösing , among many other companies and private assets .

End-stage crime

In the Scheibbs district, documented end- phase crimes took place in the following locations :

  • Göstling : 76 Jewish forced laborers were murdered by members of the SS on April 13, 1945. Ernst Burian, head of the HJ military training camp in Lunz am See, was sentenced to life imprisonment for this crime.
  • Randegg : murder of 100 Jewish forced laborers by members of the SS and the Hitler Youth on April 15, 1945
  • Gresten : 16 Hungarian-Jewish slave laborers were murdered by the Waffen SS in a moat on April 19, 1945

More victims

  • Anton Burger (* 1910): Anton Burger (chaplain in Steinakirchen 1938–1939) was arrested on April 25, 1939 and sentenced to ten months in prison due to the treachery law. He was subsequently interned in the Dachau concentration camp (February 8, 1941 - April 26, 1945).
  • Rudolf Obendorfer: Rudolf Obendorfer was shot dead on May 8, 1945 by an unknown Wehrmacht sergeant on the orders of HJ area leader Josef Kracker-Semler in the basement of the HJ military training camp in Lunz am See.
  • At the end of April 1945, a prisoner Wehrmacht member transferred from Lilienfeld was sentenced to death by a court martial in Scheibbs chaired by the district leader. The death sentence was carried out on the same day on the outskirts of Scheibbs by members of the Waffen SS.
  • The bodies of five men and two women were discovered in a mass grave opened in 1948 on the outskirts of Scheibbs. It was probably about executions by the Hitler Youth and the SD with the participation of the district leadership.

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the political district of Scheibbs 1930-1945 (= local history of the district Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988.
  • Franz Wiesenhofer: Ousted, not forgotten - Contemporary witness reports on the Scheibbs district 1926–1955 (Volume 1) . Purgstall 2013.
  • Franz Wiesenhofer: Ousted, Not Forgotten - Contemporary Witness Reports on the Scheibbs District 1926–1955 (Volume 2) . Purgstall 2015.
  • Johannes Kammerstätter: Portable Fatherland . Wieselburg 2012.
  • Heinz Arnberger, Christa Mitterrutzner: Resistance and persecution in Lower Austria 1934–1945 . Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1988.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 27 ff .
  2. ↑ Johannes Kammerstätter: Portable Fatherland . tape 1 . Wieselburg 2012, p. 62 .
  3. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 36 .
  4. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 59 .
  5. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 59 .
  6. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 15 .
  7. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 82 f .
  8. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 69 ff .
  9. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 72 f .
  10. ^ Report from the communities . In: Erlauftalbote (ETB) . No. 12/1938 , March 20, 1938.
  11. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 118 .
  12. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 110 .
  13. ^ News from the NSDAP . In: Erlauftalbote (ETB) . No. 26/1938 , June 26, 1938.
  14. ^ Wilhelm Löwenstein, Hermann Pröll: Chronicle Scheibbs . Scheibbs 1989, p. 281, 296 f .
  15. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 314 .
  16. ↑ Hubert Prokes: 1945 - "Zero Hour" . In: Ötscherland profile. Supplement to the Erlaftal messenger . Scheibbs 1975, p. 4th ff .
  17. ↑ Hellmut Butterweck : National Socialists before the People's Court Vienna: Austria's struggle for justice 1945-1955 in the contemporary perception . Vienna 2016.
  18. ↑ Johannes Kammerstätter: Portable Fatherland . tape 1 . Wieselburg 2012, p. 144 .
  19. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 235 .
  20. ↑ Johannes Kammerstätter: Portable Fatherland . tape 3 . Wieselburg 2012, p. 308 ff .
  21. ↑ Johannes Kammerstätter: Portable Fatherland . tape 3 . Wieselburg 2012, p. 336 ff .
  22. ↑ Johannes Kammerstätter: Portable Fatherland . tape 1 . Wieselburg 2012, p. 382 ff .
  23. ^ Eleonore Lappin-Eppel: Hungarian-Jewish forced laborers in Austria 1944/45: Labor deployment - death marches - consequences . 2010.
  24. ^ Clergy in Dachau concentration camp, name B clergy in Dachau concentration camp, accessed on November 11, 2016.
  25. ↑ Dr. Heinz Arnberger, Dr. Christa Mitterrutzner: Resistance and Persecution in Lower Austria 1934–1945 . tape 3 . Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1988, p. 218 ff .
  26. ↑ Dr. Heinz Arnberger, Dr. Christa Mitterrutzner: Resistance and Persecution in Lower Austria 1934–1945 . tape 2 . Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1988, p. 564 ff .
  27. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 295 f .
  28. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (= local history of the district of Scheibbs 8) . Scheibbs 1988, p. 298 f .

Coordinates: 48 ° 0 '  N , 15 ° 10'  E