Gau food
The Gau Essen was an administrative unit of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP).
History and structure
The Gau existed from October 1, 1928 (still as a district directly subordinate to the Reichsleitung) and August 1, 1930 (as a Gau) until 1945. The Gau with the Gau capital Essen had about 1.9 million inhabitants. The Gauleitung was located in the Thomaehaus at Friedrichstrasse 1. It was the Glückaufhaus that the National Socialists renamed after Gottfried Thomae, a National Socialist killed in clashes with communists in 1928. Both the Ruhr area , where the labor movement had been strong until 1933 , and the rural Lower Rhine with its Catholic orientation were difficult regions for the NSDAP.
The Gau Essen was separated from the previous Groß-Gau Ruhr-Elberfeld in 1928 and the previous Essen District Leader Terboven was appointed Gauleiter by Adolf Hitler . On July 1, 1932, the parties were Kleve , funds and Moers from Gau Dusseldorf from Gau food assigned to the structure of the Reichstag constituencies to meet. These belonged to the Düsseldorf-West constituency with the number 23, which included the Lower Rhine and almost the entire western Ruhr area . The administrative district of Düsseldorf was divided into two constituencies.
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Gauleiter was Josef Terboven (1928–1945) throughout . From 1940 to 1945 he also held the office of Reich Commissioner for Norway . His deputies were
- Fritz Schleßmann (1928 to December 31, 1930),
- Propaganda Manager Hans Weidemann (1932 to March 1933),
- Heinrich Unger (1933? To February 10, 1939),
- Fritz Schleßmann (November 1939 to 1945).
Schleßmann represented Terboven when he was in Norway. With the seizure of power in 1933, Hermann von Lüninck was appointed senior president of the Prussian province of Rhineland . Terboven replaced him on February 5, 1935 and thus became the superior of the district president in Düsseldorf. Thus the levels of state and party merged in the Gau.
Gau economic advisors were the Essen manufacturer Paul Wilhelm Georg Hoffmann , the Gauobmann of the German Labor Front Fritz Johlitz and the Moers district administrator and NSV district manager Ernst Bollmann . Heinrich Niem was the adjutant of the district leader and district inspector . Otto Wagener built up the party newspaper Nationalzeitung from 1929 on. In the Reichstag sat among others the Klever district administrator Friedrich Neven . A Gauführerschule existed in Mülheim-Menden since 1934 .
Circles
- Kleve
- Rees
- Dinslaken
- Funds
- Oberhausen
- Moers
- Duisburg
- Mülheim an der Ruhr
See also
literature
- Jürgen John, Horst Möller, Thomas Schaarschmidt (eds.): The NS-Gaue. Regional middle authorities in the centralized “leader state” . Oldenbourg, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58086-0 ( Google Books ).
Web links
- Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. The Gau Essen. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- Overview of the Gaue
- Rhenish history LVR
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ralph Trost: A completely destroyed city. National Socialism, War and End of War in Xanten . Studies on the history and culture of Northwest Europe, Volume 11, Waxmann Verlag, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-8309-1413-X , p. 66f ( Google Books )
- ↑ picture postcard