Starovice

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Starovice
Starovice coat of arms
Starovice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Břeclav
Area : 819 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 57 '  N , 16 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 57 '4 "  N , 16 ° 42' 16"  E
Height: 198  m nm
Residents : 916 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 693 01
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Hustopeče - Uherčice
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Antonín Kadlec (as of 2018)
Address: Starovice 180
693 01 Hustopeče u Brna
Municipality number: 584894
Website : www.starovice.cz

Starovice (German Groß Steurowitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located three kilometers northwest of Hustopeče and belongs to the Okres Břeclav (Lundenburg district) in the South Moravia region . The place is laid out as a Linsen-Längangerdorf .

geography

The neighboring villages are in the south Hustopeče ( Auspitz ), in the north Velké Němčice and in the west Uherčice .

history

The Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as it was especially in the 12th / 13th centuries. Century took place. Groß-Steurowitz was first mentioned in a document in 1321. The name changes from "Styrowicz" (1323) and "Gros Starwicz" (1570) to "Gros Steirwiz" and from 1673 to "Groß Steyrowitz" or "Groß-Steurowitz".

Around 1570 the village was fortified with earth walls and palisades. Emperor Rudolf II pledged Groß-Steurowitz to Carl von Liechtenstein . During the Reformation , some of the residents became Lutheran. In 1605 the village was devastated by the Heiducken of the Transylvanian Stephan Bocskai . After a legal dispute that was settled in 1617, Prince Carl von Liechtenstein left the place to the Saar monastery. During the Thirty Years' War the village was sacked by Swedish troops in 1643. In 1663 the Turks attacked the village, killing 34 and abducting 100 people. Groß-Steurowitz was also not spared from epidemics, so the plague raged in the village in 1645 and 1679.

The place resulted in 1621 from the year parish registers . Online search via the Brno State Archives. Land registers have been kept since 1594.

In 1865 the town hall was destroyed in a major fire. In the German-Austrian War in 1866, Prussian soldiers dragged cholera to Groß-Steurowitz. This claimed the lives of 100 residents of the place. A volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1880. Most of the population lived from agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries, being of particular importance. About 1/3 of all cultivation areas (alluvial land and loess soil) were used for viticulture. The phylloxera plague around 1864 destroyed large parts of the wine cultures and the losses could only be compensated for around 1900. Furthermore, the hunt in the municipality brought up to 2,000 hares, 200 pheasants and 1,000 partridges in good years. In addition to the usual small business, there was also a brick factory in Groß Steurowitz.

After the First World War and the Peace Treaty of Saint Germain in 1919, the place, which in 1910 was 99% inhabited by German South Moravians , became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . As a result of the filling of civil servants and settlers, there was an increased influx of people of Czech nationality in the interwar period. In 1926 the place got a water pipe system and two years later Groß Steurowitz was electrified. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

During the Second World War the place suffered 69 victims. After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Groß-Steurowitz, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Before the “wild” expulsions in 1945 , many Germans fled across the border to Austria. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not specifically comment on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII on August 2, 1945 , despite the intervention of the Western powers . However, they explicitly called for an orderly and humane transfer of the parts of the German population who remained in Czechoslovakia . Between May 20 and July 22, 1946, 221 German residents of the place were "officially" deported . According to Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, these transports were never properly and humane. The 1950 census identified 64 people of German origin. The place was repopulated. 9 civilians were killed in the post-war excesses. The Beneš decree 115/1946 protected against a legal review of the events. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

In spite of the transfer destination Germany as stated in the Potsdam Declaration , many of the Steurowitzers in Austria were able to remain in Vienna, Lower Austria and Wels.

Coat of arms and seal

The seal from 1646 shows a cartridge shield. A vine knife and an artfully designed rooted vine with two grapes are depicted on the shield.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1793 850 0 0 0
1836 1,080 0 0 0
1869 1,139 0 0 0
1880 1,194 1,167 33 0
1890 1,260 1,255 5 0
1900 1,235 1,185 50 0
1910 1,180 1,164 13 3
1921 1.109 1,064 24 21st
1930 1.102 1,077 23 2
1939 1,066 - - -
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: Frodl, Blaschka: South Moravia from A – Z. 2006
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984

Attractions

  • Parish Church of St. Georg (new building 1885) in front of it St. Nikolaus (1392), west tower built in 1791
  • Church of St. Antonius (1724), was demolished under Joseph II in order to build a chapel.
  • Chapel of John of Nepomuk
  • Chapel of St. Anna
  • Chapel of Mark
  • Marian column (1747)
  • School (1801)

Personalities

  • Hans Dolanski (1889–1966), writer
  • Hermann Kletzander (* 1928), winner of the Josef Freising Prize

Literature and Sources

  • Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. 1941, Groß-Steurowitz p. 235.
  • Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Groß-Steurowitz p. 16
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Publisher: C. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 1990, Groß Steurowitz p. 11, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 .
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, Groß Steurowitz p. 77f, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 215 (Gross Steurowitz).
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , Groß Steurowitz s.89f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006
  • Gustav Gregor: History of Groß-Steurowitz. 1971
  • Sophie Wagner: The community of Groß-Steurowitz in South Moravia. 1991
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Hermann Kletzander: The Groß-Steurowitzer dialect. 2001
  • Hermann Kletzander: The Groß-Steurowitzer Musikkapelle 2001
  • Hermann Kletzander: Gross-Steurowitz and the Steurowitzers 2002

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/584894/Starovice
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  4. ↑ a b Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities, 1992, Groß Steurowitz, page 77
  5. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  6. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 262
  7. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unmanaged peace: St. Germain and the consequences, 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  8. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  9. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  10. ↑ Milan Churaň: Potsdam and Czechoslovakia. 2007, ISBN 978-3-9810491-7-6 .
  11. ↑ Mikulov Archives: Odsun Nĕmců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna, 1946
  12. ↑ a b Ludislava Šuláková, translated by Wilhelm Jun: The problem of the deportation of Germans in the files of the Municipal People's Committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Nikolsburg: Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001 p. 45f, ISSN  0562-5262
  13. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
  14. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 215 (Gross Steurowitz).
  15. ↑ Brunnhilde Scheuringer: 30 years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and displaced persons in Austria, publisher: Braumüller, 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9
  16. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia , 1990, p.11