Dobré Pole

Dobré Pole
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Břeclav
Area :	697 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 50 '  N , 16 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 49 '51 "  N , 16 ° 32' 43"  E
Height:	186  m nm
Residents :	462 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	691 81
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Mikulov - Drnholec
Railway connection:	Břeclav – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Vít Černý (as of 2018)
Address:	Dobré Pole 1 691 81 Březí
Municipality number:	584410
Website :	www.dobrepole.cz

Dobré Pole (German Guttenfeld , Croatian Dobro Polje ) is a municipality with 462 inhabitants (January 1, 2019) in Okres Břeclav ( Lundenburg district ) in the South Moravia region , Czech Republic .

geography

It is located in the wine-growing region 8 km northwest of Mikulov ( Nikolsburg ) in South Moravia on the Břeclav - Znojmo ( Lundenburg-Znaim ) railway line . The Austrian border runs 1 km south. The place is laid out as a broad street village.

The neighboring towns are in the east Březí u Mikulova ( Bratelsbrunn ) and in the west Novosedly na Moravě ( Neusiedl am Sand ).

history

The place belonging to the Dürnholz rule was first mentioned in a Liechtenstein document in 1335 under the name "Guetenvelde". Other forms of the name were "Guetenveld" (1414) and "Gutenvelt" (1455). In 1578 Hartmann von Liechtenstein sold Dürnholz to Christoph von Teuffenbach with the associated villages, including Guttenfeld. He settled the now deserted place in 1583 with Croats who had fled their homeland before the Turks. As an independent ethnic group, they could remain until 1947/48. The registers have been kept since 1686 and land registers since 1784.

The Croatian population group retained their identity and customs for centuries. Although they used German colloquial language, Croatian was still spoken and the children were taught. The German part of the population spoke the Bavarian-Austrian ui dialect with their special Bavarian passwords , which came from southern Germany and Austria.

In the 19th century there were major fires in the village in 1868, 1874 and 1882. For this reason, almost all buildings were covered with bricks. As a lesson from these fires, a volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1884. The school building, which was built in 1809, was extended and renovated in 1881. Guttenfeld also got a stop on the Lundenburg - Znojmo route through the expansion of the railway network in Austria-Hungary in 1890 . Most of the population lived from agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries, occupying a special position. The phylloxera plague around 1900, however, destroyed a large part of the vineyards, so that until 1945 it was cultivated almost exclusively for personal use. In addition to a flourishing small business, there was also a Raiffeisenkassa and a milk cooperative in Guttenfeld.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary was Czechoslovakia , which claimed for itself those German-speaking areas of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . At the beginning of 1919 the place was occupied by Czech troops. The Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919 declared these disputed territories and thus Guttenfeld, of which almost 81% of the German population and 14% of the Croatian population in 1910, were part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . As a result, there was an increased influx of workers and civil servants who belong to the Czech language. The German school was closed, whereupon the children started school in Bratelsbrunn. A Czech minority school was set up for this purpose in 1919. In 1930 the municipality was drained. Measures such as land reform and the language ordinance, which were supposed to help settle Czechs in the German communities, exacerbated these tensions. When the autonomy demanded by the German speakers was not negotiated and armed conflicts threatened, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas, which was regulated in the Munich Agreement , to Germany. Thus Guttenfeld became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1, 1938 .

During the Second World War , the place suffered 41 victims. After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), the request of the ČSR government Beneš was met by the victorious powers and the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919), again assigned to Czechoslovakia . In the following months the houses of the German inhabitants of the Czech "caretakers" have been repossessed and 35 families across the border to Austria sold . The ensuing harassment and torture by Czech militias resulted in four civilian deaths. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ... or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... not illegal. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned in it, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German population parts” who remained in Czechoslovakia was explicitly required. Between March 15 and October 3, 1946, 74 people were forcibly resettled to West Germany . Of the Croatian families settled in 1583, 78 remained in the village. At the beginning of the communist era (from 1948) they were portrayed as being too friendly to Germany and largely forcibly relocated to northern Moravia. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the assets of the Protestant church were liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the Catholic Church was expropriated in the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

In accordance with the original transfer modalities of the Potsdam Communique, in January 1946 the Red Army demanded the deportation of all ethnic Germans from Austria to West Germany. Three residents from Guttenfeld emigrated to Australia, two to the USA and one to Canada.

The Croatian population was declared unreliable by the Czech government and deported to the interior of the country in 1947/48 . The place was then repopulated with Slovak immigrants.

Coat of arms and seal

Guttenfeld has had a community seal since the middle of the 17th century. The seal picture shows a heart with three flowers sprouting out between lanceolate leaves. The heart is also surrounded by three small crosses.

Population development

census	Houses	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year			German	Czechs	Croatians
1793	62	306
1836	97	599
1869	117	635
1880	112	657	215	0	438
1890	134	678	637	38	3
1900	138	697	566	28	103
1910	142	700	573	26th	101
1921	144	696	311	136	249
1930	160	699	156	216	327
1939		595
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: Frodl, Blaschka: South Moravia from A – Z. 2006
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984

Attractions

• Parish Church of St. Cäcilia (1653, renovated 1852)
• School building (1809)
• Rectory (1790)

Sons and daughters of the place

• Walter Hülse (1887–1958), German medic and from 1945 to 1946 Vice President of the Province of Saxony

literature

• Franz Josef Schwoy : Topography of the Markgrafthum Moravia. 1793, Guttenfeld page 130
• Liechtenstein Archive Vienna / Vaduz
• Guttenfeld municipal archive (land register from 1784)
• Johann Zabel: Church guide for South Moravia. 1940, Guttenfeld page 17
• Walter Snowfuss: The Croats and their History , Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag in Leipzig, 1942
• Anton Kreuzer: The Croatian Settlements in South Moravia. 1968
• Wilhelm Kuretz: Guttenfeld, book of honor of the fallen of both world wars.
• Gerald Frodl: History of the market town of Dürnholz and the former territory. Vol. 1-2, 1970
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. 1992, Guttenfeld page 85f
• Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Nikolsburg district from A – Z. 2006, Guttenfeld page 95f
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .

Web links

• Guttenfeld in "Old Postcard Motifs from the South Moravian Communities"
• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/584410/Dobre-Pole
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Gerald Frodl: History of the market town Dürnholz and the former dominion area , p. 140
4. ↑ F. Hero: The German-speaking area of ​​Moravia and Silesia , 1888, p. 5
5. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
6. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, s. 262
7. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
8. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
9. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
10. ↑ Mikulov Archives: Odsun Němcå - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna, 1946
11. ↑ William Jun / Ludislava Šuláková: The problem of Abschubs the Germans in the files of the national committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Mikulov. Verlag Maurer, Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001, p. 45, ISSN  0562-5262
12. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
13. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 234 (Guttenfeld). S.
14. ↑ Nikolaus Wilhelm-Stempin: The settlement area of ​​the Burgenland Croats: In Austria, Hungary, Moravia and Slovakia p. 39
15. ↑ The land tables of the Margraviate of Moravia, Volume III, p. 74