Kobylí
| Kobylí | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Břeclav | ||||
| Area : | 2104 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 56 ' N , 16 ° 53' E | ||||
| Height: | 205 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 2,065 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 691 10 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Velké Pavlovice - Terezín | ||||
| Railway connection: | Zaječí – Hodonín | ||||
| Next international airport : | Brno-Tuřany | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Pavel Kotík (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Augusty Šebestové 459 691 10 Kobylí |
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| Municipality number: | 584568 | ||||
| Website : | www.kobyli.cz | ||||
Kobylí (German Kobels , formerly Kobilly or Kobily ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located seven kilometers northeast of Velké Pavlovice and belongs to the Okres Břeclav .
geography
Kobylí is located in the southwest of the Kyjovská pahorkatina . The village, surrounded by vineyards, lies on the left side of the wide Trkmanka valley. To the north rises the Hotařský kopec (239 m), in the northeast the Kobylská skála (264 m), east the Kobylí vrch (334 m), in the south the Roviny (284 m), west the Kraví hora and Horní ochozy (328 m) and in the northwest of the Kuntinov (328 m) and the Ochozy (319 m). On the western edge of the village, the Zaječí – Hodonín railway runs along the Trkmanka , where the Kobylí na Moravě railway station is also located .
Neighboring towns are Morkůvky , Ostrůvek and Brumovice in the north, Terezín and Čejč in the northeast, Čejkovice in the southeast, Vrbice in the south, Bořetice in the southwest, Němčičky and Horní Bojanovice in the west and Boleradice in the northwest.
history
Archaeological finds prove a settlement in the area since the Stone Age , u. a. A tusk and bones of mammoths , ancient stone and bone tools, and graves and ceramics were found.
The first written mention of the village of Cobile took place in 1252 in a deed of gift Boček from Jaroslavice and Zbraslav to the monastery Žďár confirmed by Margrave Ottokar Přemysl . The first mention of the vineyards comes from the year 1255. Between 1259 and 1269 the brothers Matouš and Pávek de Cobals can be traced as the owners of a share of Cobals . A church was first mentioned in 1261. The patronage of the church and parish in Cobelche has been exercised by the Žďár monastery since 1269. In 1277 the parish was incorporated into the monastery . The monastery owned a vineyard in Kobylí and two more hubs of land and also had a special grangie. King John of Luxembourg gave the villages of Kobylí and Pavlovice to his Marshal Heinrich von Leipa in 1312 . In 1326 the Žďár monastery took over the patronage of the church in Kobylí. In 1335 the Cistercians moved their grapes from Kobylí to Trutmanice. In 1344 Perchtold von Leipa confirmed the ownership of the monastery in Kobylí. During the Hussite Wars , the lords of Leipa took over the church patronage and appointed utraquist pastors. Between 1436 and 1447 the monastery litigated the lords of Leipa and Brno citizens because of the presumption of the monastery tithe. The Kobyler Lake was first mentioned in writing in 1464 . In 1481 the abbot Linhart Pertold von Leipa sued the regional court for withholding his tithe from the fishing industry. The following year, Pertold paid off his debt. In 1483 the monastery filed a lawsuit against the Brno citizen Michael Kynygfeld and his son-in-law Stephan because of the wine tithing. In 1490, the dispute between Boček Kuna von Kunstadt and Wilhelm II von Pernstein over the flooding of lands between the Kobylské jezero and the Krumvířský rybník pond was settled. The following year, von Pernstein sued the Leipa lieutenant, Kuncz von Norb auf Plumlůvky, because of the tithe from the vineyards and fishing in the Plumlůvkský rybník pond. In 1492 Wilhelm II von Pernstein acquired Plumlůvky. The monastery transferred the desert court and the two associated Huben to Martin and Georg Kompert in 1494. In 1496 Wilhelm II of Pernstein left his tithe claims from Kobylí to his ward Heinrich von Leipa with the approval of the Saar abbot, who four years later married Wilhelm's daughter Bohunka, who brought him a dowry of 10,000 guilds. In 1505 Herman von Zástřizl acquired Plumlůvky. The village of Plumlůvky later became extinct. In 1512 Wilhelm von Pernstein ceded the Hodonín castle to his son-in-law, who became one of the most powerful lords in Moravia and his possessions stretched from the March near Hodonín to the Thaya near Trkmanice. In 1537, the Saar monastery exchanged church patronage with Johann von Leipa for a house in Brno . This installed a Protestant pastor in Kobylí. There is evidence of a water mill at Mlýnský potok since 1538. Around 1545 Anabaptist Hutterites settled in Kobylí and around 1550 the Bohemian brothers . Before 1550, Bishop Johannes Dubravius had donated the Plumlůvky Matěj Macák Freihof, after whose death the bishop sold the farm and all its accessories to Pertold von Leipa in 1550. On September 27, 1551, the Saar abbot Wenceslaus sold the desolate monastery courtyard in Kobylí to Bedřich Syřinský von Syřin. In the land register of 1571 111 properties are shown for Kobylí. In 1576 Jan Kroupa von Daňkovice owned the lower Freihof, the Plumlůvky farm with the desert village of the same name belonged in 1578 to Bernard Dubanský von Bařice. Between 1588 and 1622, the Anabaptists in Kobylí had their own school. In 1590 the village had about 100 inhabitants. In 1591 Hynek Slach von Hřivice can be verified as the owner of the Schönhof. In the same year Ulrich Veit von Rzavy confirmed the privilege for the Bohemian Brothers. 1593 put Johann von Leipa Jiřík Čechočovský as administrator of the rule Göding and the associated goods. The lords of Leipa held the property until 1594, when Johann von Leipa sold the property to Weikhart von Salm-Neuburg for 310,000 guilders . In 1600 he confirmed the contract with the administrator Jiřík Čechočovský. In the years 1605 and 1606 Hungarian insurgents invaded Kobylí and Pavlovice and burned u. a. the community house of the Anabaptists. In 1608 Weikhart von Salm-Neuburg signed the rule of Göding with all accessories to his wife Katharina Palffy von Erdöd. In 1614 Zdeněk Žampach von Potštejn bought the Göding estate from his sister-in-law Katharina for 350,000 guilders. In 1616, Cardinal Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein acquired all rights of the Žďár monastery with an imperial permit. This also included a farm in Kobylí and the wine and grain tithe from Kobylí, Pavlovice, Zaječí , Pouzdřany and other villages. Kobylí consisted of 109 residential buildings in 1620. In 1622 the Anabaptists were forced to leave the country and moved to Hungary. In the same year the owner of the Freihof, Mikuláš Čechočovský, was accused as one of 247 accused of inciting rebellion. His farm was bought by the Jesuits from Olomouc in 1628 , who had already acquired the confiscated Čejkovice estate. Zdeněk Žampach von Potštejn was raised to the rank of count in 1623 and the rule of Göding in 1628 to a county. On October 28, 1623 Kobylí was attacked by the troops of Gábor Bethlens and half the village including the church was set on fire. Around 400 of the residents were kidnapped or murdered. The parish remained Protestant until 1624. The last Anabaptist (Hutterite) can be traced back to Kobylí in 1628. In 1630, Cardinal Dietrichstein authorized the Jesuits to hold services in Kobylí. In 1630 Hungarian troops invaded again and devastated the village; they also set fire to the church and the rectory. At that time, the parish included the villages of Brumovice, Čejč, Vrbice and, for a time, Bořetice. The church was re-covered in 1638. After the cardinal's death, his heir and brother Maximilian von Dietrichstein sold the goods formerly belonging to the Žďár monastery to the Cistercians on September 29, 1638.
In 1639 the widow of Zdeněk Žampach von Potštejn, Anna Helena Jakardovský von Sudice inherited the county. As a result of a legal dispute, she pledged Kobylí together with Čejč , Brumovice , Krumvíř , Morkůvky and Plumlůvky for 28,000 guilders to her father Jan Jakardovský von Sudice. The oldest local seal of Horní Kobylí nad Jezerem dates from 1642. It shows a fish pierced by three arrows in the coat of arms. In 1642 Zdeněk's nephew Jindřich Burian Žampach von Potštejn became the owner of the county of Göding. When the Swedish troops under Lennart Torstensson invaded the village in 1643, the village was again devastated and the church burned down. With Jindřich Burian Žampach, who fell during the Swedish siege of Olomouc in 1644 , the Moravian branch of the Potštejn family died out and after a dispute over its inheritance, it fell to Jan Burian Žampach of Potštejn, a distant relative. In 1645 Torstensson's troops invaded Kobylí again. Jan Burian died in 1647 and his widow Anna Helena Jakardovský inherited the property. The following year she left Kobylí and Plumlůvky again to her father Jan Jakardovský von Sudice. After only about a fifth of the population were Catholic in 1651, re-Catholicization continued. In 1655, 73 inhabitants of Kobylí declared themselves to be Catholic and 63 as Protestants. In the hoof register of 1656, 93 of the 109 properties for Kobylí are listed as uncultivated. Jan Jakardovský put his wife Anna Maria Soběkurský von Soběkury and his daughter Anna Helena, who had been married to Friedrich von Oppersdorff , Baron von Dub von Freistein since 1649 , as heiresses. On May 22, 1661 Anna Helena Jakardovský appointed her husband Friedrich von Oppersdorff and the children as her heirs. In 1666, the Žďár monastery gave its tithe rights in Zaječí , Kobylí and Pavlovice to the Cistercian monastery Maria Saal in Altbrno. Von Oppersdorff bought in 1671 his mother-in-law Anna Maria Jakardovský's share in Kobilý and Čejč for 22,000 guilders and in 1676 acquired Pavlovice. In 1673, 29 of Kobylí's 109 estates were managed. In 1679 a new rectory was built. On April 5, 1691, Friedrich von Oppersdorff bought the wine and corn tithe from Zaječí, Kobylí and Pavlovice for 3000 guilders from the Maria Saal monastery and thus became the sole owner. He sold the Göding estate with all accessories on September 29, 1692 for 720,000 guilders to Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein . A castle, a wine press house and three ponds were listed in Kobilý. In 1706 the management of the registers in Kobilý began. In 1712 Johann Adam's daughters Maria Elisabeth and Maria Antonia inherited the rule. The latter bought her sister's share on December 20, 1712 for 400,000 guilders. On December 29, 1749, Maria Antonia set the children from her first marriage to Márk Czobor de Czoborszentmihály, Count Josef Czobor and Maria Antonia, widowed Princess Cordony, as heirs of the Göding rule. At that time the village consisted of 93 properties. In 1751 Count Josef Czobor became the sole owner of the estate. On July 10, 1762, he sold it to Emperor Franz I for one million and 5500 Rhenish guilders . In 1763 Kobylí had 601 inhabitants. In the course of the raabization , the lower Freihof was parceled out in 1782 and 32 settlements were established. The new settlement Dvorec received its own judge. In 1783 Emperor Joseph II bought the Čejkovice estate and the Jesuit farm in Kobylí from the student fund. He then moved the manorial administrative seat from Kobylí to Čejkovice. Brumovice was parish in 1784 and received its own pastor. In 1791, 948 people lived in the 211 houses of Kobylí. From 1797 to 1798 Joseph II had a new rectory built. In 1804 the village consisted of 251 houses and had 1135 inhabitants. Of these, 1,092 were Catholics, 36 Protestants and seven Jews. Land registers were created in 1808. In the years 1830 and 1831 Kobylí was hit by cholera outbreaks, in which numerous residents died. At the same time, the two years of drought brought great hardship for the residents. The lake was drained and then drained. In 1834 there were 1314 people in the 257 of the village. In the upper village a school building was built in 1835 near the church. In 1836 the kk goods administration Pavlovice had a wooden bridge built over the island in the marsh of the lake to establish a direct connection between Kobylí and Brumovice. In 1838 the Ludwigshof (Ostrůvek) was built on the former island.
Kobylí had 1,341 inhabitants in 1846 and consisted of 251 houses. At that time the place was called Kobily , Kobyly or Kobili . In 1846 and 1847 Kobylí became a center of the Czech national movement. Patriots from South Moravia met in František Bezděk's press house. Until the middle of the 19th century, the village always remained submissive to Göding.
After the abolition of patrimonial Kobyly formed from 1850 a community in the district authority Auspitz . The population was 1392. On June 30, 1865, 15 houses burned down at the upper end of the village. In June 1866, Prussian troops brought cholera in , six of them died in Kobylí. Another large fire broke out on October 14, 1866 and destroyed all 14 chalets on Barácích Street . Exactly one year later, another 15 houses burned down. At the lower end of the village and in the settlement of Dvorec , a fire destroyed six houses on June 28, 1868. In 1869, 1560 people lived in the village's 338 houses. In Dvorec and Barácích , 54 houses burned down on July 1, 1875. The road from Pavlovice via Bořetice and Kobylí to Terezín was built between 1875 and 1877 . At the end of 1880 there were 1915 inhabitants in Kobylí, with the exception of nine Germans all of them belonged to the Czech ethnic group. Denominationally, there were Catholics, 32 Jews and 17 Protestants in 1866. In 1890 there were 1697 people in the 376 houses, including 35 Jews and 23 Germans. In 1896, the Saitz – Czeicz – Göding local railway began building the line from Zaječí via Kobylí and Čejč to Hodonín . Traffic began on May 16, 1897. In 1899 the village had 1689 inhabitants and in 1900 there were 1801. Between 1900 and 1903, 83 inhabitants immigrated to America, mostly to Texas . In 1908 a fire brigade was founded. In 1910 the population had grown to 1855. In the same year construction of the road to Vrbice began . After the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918, the imperial estates were nationalized. In 1921, 1930 and 1938 the community had 2208 inhabitants each. In 1938 the Auspitz / Hustopeče district was dissolved as a result of the Munich Agreement . Kobylí remained with Czechoslovakia and was assigned to the Okres Židlochovice. The two Jewish Weigl families with eleven people were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto at the end of March 1942 . The same happened the following year with that in mixed marriages surviving family Bernátek and their six children. Between 1942 and 1945 Kobels belonged to the political district of Göding and came back to the rebuilt Okres Hustopeče after the end of the war. In 1945 and 1946, 75 families moved to the border areas , most of them to Zaječí and Dolní Dunajovice , others to Dolní Věstonice and Pavlov . 1946 Kobylí had 2282 inhabitants, 1948 there were 2200 and in 1950 2174. After the abolition of the Okres Hustopeče, the municipality was assigned to the Okres Břeclav in 1960. In 1961, 2,388 people lived in the 618 houses in the village. In 1964 the Kobylský creek and the Svodnice brook were regulated. In 1970 a 60 hectare apricot garden was created. In 1972 Kobylí had 2300 inhabitants. In 1979 the number of residents had risen to 2,326. In 1991 there were 647 houses and 2103 inhabitants in Kobylí. Kobylí won the 2006 Village of the Year competition in Jihomoravský kraj .
Local division
No districts are designated for the municipality of Kobylí. The village of Ostrůvek ( Ludwigshof ) belongs to Kobylí .
Attractions
- Church of St. George, only the Gothic presbytery from the end of the 15th century is preserved from the original church, which can be traced back to 1269. After the church was burned down by the Swedes in 1643, Anna Maria Jakardovský von Sudice had it rebuilt in 1670. The St. Stanislaus and St. Gregory bells were cast in 1690 and 1714, respectively. The building was renovated between 2000 and 2001.
- Museum of local history, it was opened in 1997 by the Club of History Friends Kobylí and has been owned by the municipality since 2001.
- Chapel of the Mother of God on Mount Carmel, built in 1702
- baroque chapel of St. Nikolaus, at the lower end of the village, built around 1750
- historic wine press houses and wine cellars
- Kraví hora with a 14 m high wooden lookout tower
Sons and daughters of the church
- Augusta Šebestová (1852–1933), folklorist and author
