Oppersdorff (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Oppersdorff

Oppersdorff , also Oppersdorf or Opersdorf , is the name of an old, originally Silesian noble family . The family, some of which still exist today, belongs to the nobility in Upper Silesia and later also acquired property and reputation in Lower Silesia , the County of Glatz , in Bohemia , Moravia and Lower Austria .

history

origin

According to a tradition of the family, the Oppersdorffers are said to be descended from the old Counts of Thierstein (also Tierstein ), which died out in 1519 . According to this legend, two descendants, Count Ulrich and Marquardt , turned to the Austrian lands. Of their descendants, Rupertus is said to have fought with the greatest bravery on the side of King Rudolf I in the Battle of Marchfeld in 1278 . As a wage, he received a fiefdom from Ebersdorff Castle in Lower Austria . By shifting the sound , Ebersdorff later became Oppersdorf. This version, which the genealogist Philipp Jakob Spener refused to approve as early as 1680 , can still be found in genealogical works and aristocratic lexicons that appeared at the beginning of the 19th century.

After genealogical manual of the aristocracy , the origin of the family but rather by the Meissen those Uradelsgeschlecht roll derived. The sex appears for the first time with Thidericus miles dictus roll in a document dated May 19, 1272. The name Rolle still appears in 1445 (date of death) on the tombstone of Hans Rolle von Ulprichsdorf (* 1388) and in 1449 or 1467 on his son Heinrich (* 1442; † 1513). The Oppersdorffers appeared in Silesia with Rullo , also Henko Rullonis , in 1321 and 1325 for the first time. He was the nobleman of Albrecht the Younger , Duke of Opole . The uninterrupted line of trunks begins with Henricus de Oprechtsdorf , who is mentioned in documents from 1363. The parent company of the same name Oppersdorf is not far from Neisse and belonged to the Principality of Neisse . Today the village is part of the municipality Nysa ( Neisse ) in the powiat Nyski in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland .

Spread and personalities

Hans Rolle von Uprichsdorf (* 1388; † 1445) married Anna Posadowsky von Postelwitz. With the marriage, the Haidau estate near Striegau came into family ownership , which Anna had inherited through her mother Helene von Dyhrn . Her grandson Friedrich von Oppersdorff (* 1471; † 1544), son of Heinrich von Upprichtsdorf (* 1442; † 1513) and his wife Margarete Broschnitz von Praus († after 1513), was captain of Brieg - Ohlau and also became the Black Rider called. He married Barbara Strzela von Othmuth (* 1495, † 1567) in 1512.

Johann (Hans, Jan), Wilhelm I and Georg I, three sons from the marriage, received the Lower Austrian lordship in 1552 and the hereditary-Austrian baron two years later. Johann, who distinguished himself in the Turkish wars, received the Bohemian lordships of Aicha and Friedstein zu Lehen, with the title "Freiherr von Aich und Friedstein" for his services . He redesigned the monastery in Bohemian Aicha and the late Gothic Rabenstein Castle into a representative Renaissance castle. (Bohemian Aicha came to the Smiřický von Smiřice family in 1591 and Wallenstein's possession in 1622. ) In 1557 Johann became governor of the Bohemian hereditary duchy of Opole . In 1562 he was able to acquire the rule of Oberglogau from Emperor Ferdinand I and in 1563 the rule of Cosel in the Duchy of Opole as pledged possessions. In Cosel, too, he converted the castle into a palace and built a new parish church. (The rule of Cosel was sold to a Baron Kochtizky in 1617). The Majorat Oberglogau remained in the possession of the von Oppersdorff until 1945. Their Catholic line also carried out the Counter Reformation in Oberglogau during the Thirty Years' War.

Hans died in 1584 without leaving any descendants. The property went to his brother Georg I. He already owned Neukirch in Polish (which later came to the Count Gashin) and together with his two brothers he had also acquired the over-indebted dominions of Czastolowitz and Tynischt in Bohemia in 1577 . Georg I. Freiherr von Oppersdorff (* 1516; † 1577) was governor of the Principality of Neisse and married Hedwig von Kalckreuth († 1580) around 1542 . The couple left their sons Friedrich II and Georg II.

Son Friedrich Freiherr von Oppersdorff (* 1547; † 1615), imperial councilor, builder of Castle Czastolowitz and lord in Polish Neukirch and Tynischt, received in 1601 Bohemian recognition of the baron class. He was married three times. First marriage since 1573 with Katharina von Pückler († 1575), in second marriage in 1579 with Magdalene Burggräfin von Dohna († 1603) and in third marriage from 1606 with Katharina Freiin Popel von Lobkowitz († 1614). His successor and heir was Johann Otto Freiherr von Oppersdorff (* 1584; † 1647), his son from his second marriage. Johann Otto's grandson Johann Eusebius Rudolf Graf von Oppersdorff (* 1670), son of the imperial councilor and treasurer Johann Wenzel Ignaz Freiherr von Oppersdorff (* 1637 - † 1676) and his wife Anna Elenore Freiin von Kolowrat -Krakowský (* 1635 - † 1692) , has held the title of count since around 1700 . Johann Eusebius was co- lord of Czastalowitz , which he sold together with the Tynischt Castle (burnt out in 1615) in 1682/84 to the Counts of Czernin, who sold both properties to the Counts of Sternberg in 1695 (the latter were expropriated in 1945 and after 1990, among others, Czastalowitz was returned .) Also belonged to Johann Eusebius Milhositz, Czernotitz and Benkowitz. He was an imperial chamberlain, colonel and chief staff officer. From his marriage to Helene Elenore Freiin von Krawar and Tworkau (* 1664; † 1741) in 1690 , son Johann Franz Wenzel Graf von Oppersdorff (* 1694; † 1772) emerged.

Oberglogau Castle , Upper Silesia

Johann Franz Wenzel descendant from his first marriage in 1722 closed with Anna Maria Elenore Countess of Clary -Sparbersbach (* 1682, † 1757), Johann Wenzel Franz Graf von Oppersdorff (* 1724), was kk Council and treasurer. He died in 1785 as a majorate on Oberglogau , which he inherited in 1781 from the expired Moravian line of his family. It was followed by Franz Philipp (* 1750; † 1831) and on this Franz von Oppersdorff (1778-1818), a friend of Ludwig van Beethoven , who stayed in the Oberglogau Palace in 1806 and dedicated his 4th symphony to the count.

His son Eduard Georg Maria Graf von Oppersdorff (* 1800; † 1889), lord of the Majorate of Oberglogau, was appointed to the gentlemen's curia of the United State Parliament in 1847 and was a hereditary member of the Prussian manor house since 1854 . The hereditary seat in the Prussian mansion was linked to the property of the Fideikommiss Oberglogau, which was donated on February 30, 1642 and after the expiry of the Silesian line in 1714 and the Moravian line in 1781 fell to the Bohemian line. From 1871 to 1873 Eduard Georg Maria was also a member of the Reichstag as district deputy of the Neustadt district in Upper Silesia . In 1829 he married Countess Caroline Sedlnitzky von Choltitz (* 1811; † 1839) and in 1843 Countess Julie Henckel von Donnersmarck (* 1819; † 1858).

His eldest son, Count Hans von Oppersdorff (* 1832, † 1877), was a royal Prussian chamberlain, state elder, district deputy of the district of Leobschütz , member of the Reichstag of the North German Confederation and Knight of Honor of the Order of Malta . His son Hans Georg emerged from his marriage to Elisabeth de Talleyrand-Périgord (* 1844; 1880), closed in Günthersdorf in 1863. Hans' younger brother Karl Eduard Franz (* 1834; † 1865) left a son Johannes (1858–1943) and he had seven daughters from two marriages, so that his branch expired.

Hans Georg Graf von Oppersdorff (* 1866; † 1948) took over the Oberglogau estate with 6500 hectares from his grandfather Eduard in 1889. Until 1891 he was also majorate of the former Sedlnitzky'schen Geppersdorf (sold in 1892) and until 1924 of Oberaltwaltersdorf in the former County of Glatz . He was a hereditary member of the Prussian mansion and from 1907 to 1918 a member of the Reichstag. As such, he was a highly controversial center politician. He was also vice-president of the German Katholikentag in Neisse in 1899 and from 1904 a member of the Central Committee of German Catholics. He married Dorothea Princess Radziwiłł (* 1871, † 1947) in Rome in 1895 , the daughter of the Imperial Russian Chamberlain and Hofjägermeister Matthias Prinz Radziwiłł. They had eleven children, six sons and five daughters. In 1930 he handed over the majority to his eldest son and moved to France, where he died in Lourdes.

The eldest son Wilhelm Karl Hans (* 1896; † 1989) became Majorate Lord after his father Hans Georg resigned in 1930 and became Lord of the Oberglogau region in 1935 after the Majorate was dissolved. He married Princess Marie Louise von Isenburg . His eldest son Franz Eduard Johannes (* 1919) married Maria Theresia Princess von Thurn und Taxis (* 1925) in 1955 , both of them had two sons and two daughters.

Braunfels Castle , Hesse

Hans Georg's second son, Hans Georg Eduard Graf von Oppersdorff (* 1920; † 2003), married Princess Maria Gabrielle zu Solms-Braunfels (* 1918; † 2003) in 1950 and inherited Prince Georg Friedrich zu Solms-Braunfels after the death of his father-in-law ( * 1890; † 1970), the last male representative of this line, part of the possessions, including the Braunfels Castle . After a name change by the Hessian Minister of the Interior on May 2, 1969, he and his descendants bear the name Graf or Countess von Oppersdorff-Solms-Braunfels . In addition, Count Hans-Georg and his wife Princess Maria Gabrielle, like their parents, were honorary citizens of the city of Braunfels .

The third son, Josef Ferdinand (* 1922 - † 2008) married Maria-Assunta Countess and Mistress von Schönburg-Glauchau (* 1935), daughter of Carl Graf and Herr von Schönburg-Glauchau (* 1899 - † 1945) and his wife in 1958 Maria Anna Countess von Baworów -Baworowska (* 1902, † 1988), both had two sons and three daughters. The youngest brother Friedrich Karl Eduard (* 1925, † 1985) married Elisabeth Princess of Hesse (* 1940), daughter of Philip of Hesse and his wife Mafalda of Savoy , royal princess of Italy in 1962 . Her two uncles Franz Anton Ignatius (1900 - 1975) and Konstantin Anton Coelestin (1902 - 1970), the brothers of Wilhelm Karl Hans, were adopted by Ladislaus Georg Prince Radziwiłł in 1944 and called themselves Prince Radziwiłł . The adoption was confirmed by an official court in Bad Mergentheim on September 21, 1945 . Both died without leaving any offspring.

Status surveys

The brothers Johann (Hans), on Aich and Friedstein in Böhmen, the later imperial field marshal , Georg, later in Polish-Neukirch, imperial field captain and later governor of Neisse, and Wilhelm von Oppersdorff, on Koppen and later chief mint master of Bohemia, received in 1552 acceptance into the Lower Austrian gentry. On June 21, 1554, in Vienna, the three brothers were raised to the herbländisch-Austrian baron class with von Aich and Friedstein and an improvement in the coat of arms .

Bohemian line

The extinct baronial house of the younger, evangelical line of the counts' house Oppersdorff is genealogically significant because of its relatives with Bohemian noble families of the 16th and 17th centuries. Elevation of status as a Bohemian gentleman with "Freiherr von Aich und Friedstein" (born June 24, 1554 in Vienna) for the three brothers Hans (Johann, Jan) (Imperial Field Marshal and Royal Bohemian Supreme Captain of Silesia, ancestor of the count's house) on Aicha ( Cesky Dub] in Northern Bohemia; Georg (governor of the Principality of Neisse) and Wilhelm von Oppersdorff, who founded the Bohemian evangelical line, which is believed to have died out in the male line ( Roman von Procházka : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian noble families, Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, lineage Oppersdorff (Freiherrliches Haus Herzmanmiestecz) pages 215 to 217, with further references and notes), ISBN 3-7686-5002-2 )

  • Wilhelm (the elder) von Oppersdorf, Freiherr (dd1554) v. Aich and Friedstein (z Dubu az Frydsteina), on Herzmanmiestecz and Koroticz, pledges of Slawienczicz. Royal Bohemian captain in Brandeis and court chamber councilor, 1579–1587 Oberstmünzmeister in the Kingdom of Bohemia, (born June 11, 1519 in Heidau in the Principality of Brieg, † September 4, 1588 in Landeck, buried in Herzmanmiestecz); married in Brieg on April 29, 1551 with Ursula von Hake (Kozel (Silesia) September 1556)
  • Wilhelm (the younger), Frhr. von Oppersdorff zu Aich and Friedstein, on Kozel, Herzmanmiestecz and Slawiencziecz, married in first marriage in Kuttenberg on November 2, 1576 with Katharina Freiin von Kolowrat-Nowohradsky († 1583); in 2nd marriage in Herzmanmiestecz January 12, 1586 with Susanna Countess von Hardegg on Glatz and in Marchlande, on Rochowitz, died after 1626. From this 2nd marriage come seven children, five daughters and two sons: Bernhard Wilhelm (the elder) , Baron von Oppersdorf, on Hermanicz and Rochowicz, (* 1594 in Kozel, † 1666 in Schandau, sentenced to death during the re-Catholicization in Bohemia); married in Wartenberg in Bohemia on February 3, 1615 with Susanne Freiin Berka von Dub and Leipa († 1635 in Königstein in Saxony). With her son Friedrich Wilhelm, on Groß-Jannowitz in the Principality of Jauer (* Berlin 1627), the baronial house of Oppersdorf went out in 1678 in the male line. 2. Bernhard Wilhelm (the younger) (* around 1628, † after 1660), artillery officer from the Electoral Saxony. The son Johann Friedrich Freiherr von Oppersdorf, on Markwartitz and Hermanitz in the Königgrätzer Kreis in Bohemia (* December 21, 1575 in Kozel, † 1623), ostracized with confiscation in 1623; married in Wartenberg in 1615 with Katharina Elisabeth Barbara Freiin Berka von Dub and Leipa. Her descendants are said to have settled in East Prussia.
  • Johann Rudolf Graf von Oppersdorff, Freiherr von Aich und Friedstein, ( Aicha (Cesky Dub) in Northern Bohemia), later Imperial Chamberlain, Colonel and Commander of Otranto , received the Moravian Inkolat in the lordship on August 4, 1718 . Joseph Wenzel Graf von Oppersdorff, Freiherr von Aich and Friedstein, on Jetrichowitz and Schnedowitz, later Majoratsherr on Oberglogau, and Ferdinand Graf von Oppersdorff, Freiherr von Aich and Friedstein, kk captain in a dragoon regiment , received this award on September 30th, 1745 . April 1765. The title of count (raised to the rank of imperial count on June 22, 1622 as imperial count of Oppersdorf Freiherr von Aich and Friedstein) was recognized in an imperial decree of October 3, 1746 to the tribunal in Moravia and to the office in Silesia . Further genealogical connections in: The arms of the Bohemian nobility. Siebmachers´s big coat of arms book, volume 30, Oppersdorff page 154, coat of arms 70 and 71 Neustadt an der Aisch 1979, ISBN 3-87947-030-8 .

Silesian-Moravian Line

The brothers Georg von Oppersdorff Freiherr von Aich and Friedstein, on Oberglogau, governor of Opole and Ratibor , and Friedrich von Oppersdorff, Freiherr von Aich and Friedstein, on Czastalowitz, received Bohemian recognition of the baron class in Prague on February 12, 1601 .
Georg's son of the same name, Georg Freiherr von Oppersdorff zu Aich and Friedstein, imperial councilor, treasurer and governor of Glogau , was raised to the rank of imperial count in Vienna on June 22, 1626 with the salutation high and well-born and an improved coat of arms. His brothers Friedrich Freiherr von Oppersdorff zu Aich and Friedstein, in Polish-Neukirch, governor of Oppeln and Ratibor, and Wenzel Freiherr von Oppersdorff zu Aich and Friedstein, on Groß-Herrlitz, kk council, treasurer and governor of Troppau and Jägerndorf , received on April 30, 1635 in Vienna the imperial count status as of Polish-Neukirch with a coat of arms improvement.

Friedrich's sons, Friedrich Graf von Oppersdorff, Freiherr von Aich and Friedstein, on Busau and Göding, and Ferdinand Graf von Oppersdorff, Freiherr von Aich and Friedstein, on Schonowitz, as well as their cousin Wenzel Graf von Oppersdorff, Freiherr von Aich and Friedstein, on Großherrlitz , Imperial Councilor and Lieutenant Colonel , received on November 6, 1651 in Vienna a Bohemian confirmation of their count status. On March 26, 1652 in Vienna, Georg's sons, Franz Graf von Oppersdorff, Baron von Aich and Friedstein, Majorate Lord on Oberglogau, and Matthias Graf von Oppersdorff, Baron von Aich and Friedstein, on Ratibor, also received a Bohemian confirmation of their count status.

The aforementioned brothers Friedrich and Ferdinand Count von Oppersdorff, barons of Aich and Friedstein, Friedrich as provincial chamberlain of Moravia and Ferdinand, auf Brzezie, Silberkopf, Pogrzebin and Rybaik, as chief judge of Ratibor, received a Bohemian award on August 19, 1670 in Vienna Predicate high and well-born.

Heinrich Ferdinand Graf von Oppersdorff, Baron von Aich and Friedstein, Majorate Lord on Oberglogau, on Drzewehositz and Domazelitz , received the Moravian Inkolat on September 2, 1763 and his son Joseph Graf von Oppersdorff, Baron of Aich and Friedstein on January 30, 1768 .

coat of arms

Family coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a (fire-breathing) silver griffin head in red , which was later shown crowned in gold. The shield figure on the helmet with the red and silver helmet covers .

According to Siebmacher , the shield image shows a griffin head, at least not an eagle's head, according to old seals . "[...] The heads in the coat of arms of the Counts of Oppersdorf and von Pückler are, according to old seals, also griffin (not eagle) heads, as well as that in the coat of arms of the city of Stettin ." According to Otto Hupp , the figure is in the shield and in the crest a dragon's head.

Count's coat of arms

The Count's coat of arms, awarded in 1626 as Count von Oppersdorff, Baron von Aich and Friedstein, Lord of Oberglogau , is split, divided twice (6 fields) and with a red heart shield, inside a silver bar, the whole thing topped with a black eagle, 1 and 4 inwardly the family coat of arms, the griffin crowned in gold, 2 and 3 in gold an armored sword arm, 5 in red a diagonally set gold-framed vine knife, 6 in gold a vine of blue grapes lying obliquely to the left (city of Oberglogau ). 3 helmets: on the right with red and silver covers the head of the griffin with neck, on the middle one with red and silver covers on the right and red and gold covers on the left in front of an open red flight covered with a silver beam, on the left a red turban with red and gold covers Armored arm growing with a silver bead, which holds up a turkey flag covered with a golden crescent moon on a silver-red rod.
The motto is: Si deus pro nobis, quis contra nos.

The later born bear the same coat of arms without fields 5 and 6.

  • Family coat of arms of Oppersdorff after Siebmacher , 1605

  • Coat of arms graphic by Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1904

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Oppersdorff

Name bearer

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b New General German Adels Lexicon Volume 3, pp. 97–99.
  2. ↑ a b Otto Hupp : Munich Calendar 1904. P. 30.
  3. ^ New Prussian nobility lexicon . Volume 3, Gebrüder Reichenbach, Leipzig 1837, pp. 483-485.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume III, Volume 61 of the complete series, pp. 134-136.
  5. ↑ Saxon Main State Archives Dresden, No. 793
  6. ↑ State Archives Wroclaw, Leubus No. 206
  7. ↑ State Archives Wroclaw, Neisse Cross Pen No. 83
  8. ↑ a b c d e Genealogical handbook of the nobility , Count's houses. Volume IV, Volume 28 of the complete series, pp. 339-347.
  9. ↑ Governor Opole
  10. ↑ www.braunfels.de: The honorary citizens of the city of Braunfels
  11. ^ Johann Siebmacher : Book of Arms. Griffin (panel XXII. Figs. 15-21)

literature

Web links