Upper Logau

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Upper
Logau Głogówek
Coat of arms of Gmina Głogówek
Oberglogau Głogówek (Poland)
Upper Logau Głogówek
Upper
Logau Głogówek
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Prudnicki
Gmina : Upper Logau
Area : 22.06  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 22 ′  N , 17 ° 52 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 22 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 52 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 5573 (December 31, 2016)
Postal code : 48-250
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : OPR
Economy and Transport
Street : Bytom - Prudnik
Rail route : Kędzierzyn-Koźle-Nysa
Next international airport : Katowice Airport



Oberglogau (Polish Głogówek [ gwɔ'guvɛk ], earlier also: Klein Glogau or Kraut Glogau , Silesian : Klee Gloge or Kraut Glôge , Czech: Malý Hlohov ; also Horní Hlohov ) is a town in the powiat Prudnicki of the Polish Voivodeship of the same name and seat of the Opole Voivodeship Urban and rural community with around 13,400 inhabitants. Oberglogau has been officially bilingual (Polish and German) since 2009.

Geographical location

Oberglogau ( Ob.-Glogau ) south of Opole and east of Neisse on a map from 1905

The city is located in the Upper Silesia region on the Hotzenplotz at 203 m above sea level. NHN , about 35 kilometers south of Opole and 10 kilometers from the Czech border.

history

Panorama of Oberglogau

middle Ages

The old castle gate with the prison tower built in 1595

Place name . The name of the village is said to be based on the Polish name głóg for hawthorn .

It is a modern legend that the first mention of a settlement in the area of ​​today's Głogówek dates back to 1076. The “ Russian sources” cited here a lot refer to Glogau , the later capital of the Duchy of Glogau , which was established in 1251 . This was mentioned in a document as early as 1010 as "urbs Glogua" and was demonstrably a castellany. A mention of Glogaus in Russian sources can also be traced back to the year 1076. At that time, Boleslaus of Poland was in conflict with Wratislaus of Bohemia , whom he attacked with Russian auxiliary troops in his Lausitz and Meißen brands . Of course, the Groß-Glogau castellany could have been a base on this campaign, but not Oberglogau in Upper Silesia.

In the Silesian sources there is a first documented reference to Oberglogau in the years 1212/14, when the place "Glogov" is mentioned among the ten villages of the Leubus monastery in the district of Yaroslav. That the document speaks of villages that will in future be called “terminis Glogov et Ierozlauie, que nunc Cazemiria dicitur, usque ad fluvios Stradunam et Ozoblog, ubi in Odoram hii duo amnes fluunt” (German: “from the borders of Oberglogau and Jaroslaws, which is now Casimir is called up to the rivers Straduna and Hotzenplotz (Osobłoga), where they flow into the Oder "), confirms the high importance of the place (Upper) Glogau and a connection with the area between Hotzenplotz and Straduna. At that time, however, there will only have been a castle and a market (suburbium) .

Lithograph by Oberglogau from the beginning of the 19th century

The German city was probably created in the year 1225. The city charter is to Oberglogau / Głogówek that the Duchy of Opole was one, received in the year 1275th According to the Silesian Document Book, however, the corresponding document is a forgery. The 12 councilors named in the document are far too many for this time, even Breslau only had 5 councilors at that time! Nevertheless, the foundation will have taken place around this time. The town's documents clearly show, however, that in the Middle Ages it was a German law foundation with German settlers.

In 1327 the city came together with the Duchy of Opole as a fief to the Crown of Bohemia . In 1373 the town charter was renewed, this time according to Magdeburg law . In 1379, Duke Heinrich von Falkenberg established a collegiate foundation for the parish church of St. Bartholomew. Only a little later, Duke Wladislaus II of Opole built a Pauline monastery near the city as a daughter monastery of Czestochowa .

In 1425, Duke Bolko IV transferred Oberglogau to his son of the same name, Bolko V , who called himself Lord of Klein Glogau and Prudnik . When a Hussite army stormed Oberglogau on March 13, 1428, Bolko managed to protect it from further attacks. Then he went over to the Hussites as the only Silesian prince . After his death in 1460, this rule was again connected to the Duchy of Opole.

16th and 17th centuries

Castle of the Counts of Oppersdorff

In 1562 Hans von Oppersdorff received Oberglogau as a pledge from Emperor Ferdinand I. Until 1935 (1945?) The Majorat Oberglogau was owned by the barons, from 1700 Counts of Oppersdorff. The Catholic aristocratic family also carried out the Counter Reformation in Oberglogau during the Thirty Years' War . In 1582 a major fire destroyed large parts of the city. During the reign of George III. von Oppersdorff (1617–1651) a counter-Reformation-inspired "sanctuary", consisting of the Franciscan church with Loretto chapel, a replica of St. Grave in Jerusalem etc., erected. The Swedes brought further severe destruction in the Thirty Years' War in 1643. From October 17, 1655 to December 18, 1655, the Polish King Jan Casimir and his wife Maria Ludwiga sought refuge in the castle of Oberglogau.

18th century

With the First Silesian War , Oberglogau came under Prussian rule in 1742 . In 1765 a great fire raged in the place.

19th century

Wilhelminian style houses from the end of the 19th century

Another important person came to Oberglogau in 1806: Ludwig van Beethoven stayed at the Oberglogau Castle and dedicated his 4th symphony to Count Franz von Oppersdorff .

In 1858, 3937 people lived in the city, which was connected to the Prussian railway network in 1876 . The Oberglogauer Zeitung was published in 1889 .

In 1895 there were 5,706 inhabitants, of whom 299 were military personnel, some of whom spoke Polish (the so-called Water Polish dialect 568 people), German (2,670 people) or both languages ​​(2,468 people).

20th century

At the beginning of the 20th century, Oberglogau had one Protestant and four Catholic churches, a synagogue , a Catholic school teacher seminar, a preparation institute and a sugar factory. a brick factory and was the seat of a district court .

After the First World War , on March 20, 1921, a referendum was supposed to decide whether Upper Silesia would remain a state. Only the western part of the Neustadt OS district with Oberglogau belonged to the Upper Silesian voting area. The owner of the Fideikommiss Oberglogau, Hans Georg Graf von Oppersdorff , spoke out in favor of an assignment to Poland, since Upper Silesia “is better protected in Catholic Poland than in Protestant, unbelieving Northern Germany.” Nevertheless, 4995 votes (95.9 %) to remain with Germany, and 215 votes were in favor of joining Poland. In Oberglogau Castle it was 100 to 11 votes. With the entire district area, Oberglogau remained in the Weimar Republic . In 1936 there were 7,742 people in Oberglogau.

Towards the end of the Second World War , Oberglogau was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 . Around 40% of the small town was destroyed in the war. After the end of the war, Oberglogau was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union , which introduced the name Głogówek . The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line , where they had belonged to the Polish minority. In contrast to other cities in Silesia, not all German natives in Oberglogau were expelled by the local Polish administrative authority , so that a German minority was able to survive in the city and the municipality.

In the 2002 census in Poland, 24.83% of the community population identified themselves as Germans and 1.45% as Silesians . The municipality has been officially bilingual since 2009, on December 1, 2009 it introduced bilingual place names except for the four districts of Kazimierz (Kasimir), Racławice Śląskie (German Rasselwitz), Szonów (Schönau) and Tomice (Thomnitz) . In these places, Polish post-war resettlers and settlers from other parts of Poland make up the majority who did not want bilingual place-name signs in 2009.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year population Remarks
1783 1685 without the garrison, exclusively Catholics
1816 1666 without castle district with village and two water mills (100 inhabitants)
1825 2506 59 Protestants, 96 Jews
1840 3630 180 Evangelicals, 3317 Catholics, 133 Jews
1855 3831
1861 4188 thereof 237 Evangelicals, 3780 Catholics, 171 Jews;
1867 4498 on December 3rd
1871 4661 with the garrison (a squadron of hussars No. 6), including 250 Evangelicals and 170 Jews (100 Poles ); According to other information, 4660 inhabitants (on December 1), of which 239 were Protestants, 4262 Catholics, one other Christian, 158 Jews
1900 5625 mostly Catholics
1910 7136 on December 1st, excluding castle and manor district Oberglogau (188 inhabitants)
1933 7356
1939 7594
Nationalities in Oberglogau
Population of the municipality of Oberglogau by nationality according to the last Polish census in 2002
nationality number Share
in percent
Polish 10,451 69.1
German 3,757 24.8
Silesian 219 1.4
no information 679 4.4

Attractions

Town hall in Oberglogau
  • Today's town hall was built in 1608 on the same site as a town hall mentioned in 1359. In 1774 the town hall received the decorations on the outer walls that can still be seen today. The hexagonal tower is also part of the town hall. Its spire was damaged in the Second World War, but was reconstructed true to the original in the mid-1950s. The last renovation of the building took place in 2002. At the southern corners there are the statues of St. Florian and St. John Nepomuk. A bas-relief depicting Justitia and Saturn can be seen on the northern facade. Both come from the Moravian sculptor Johann Schubert. Today the city hall houses the employment office, the registry office and the city office.
  • Oberglogau Castle
    The Oberglogau Castle was from 1562 to 1945 in the possession of the Barons, from 1700 Imperial Count of Oppersdorff . It was in 16./17. Built in the 13th century on the foundations of the 13th century castle. This was demolished in the middle of the 16th century. Today's building complex was built in two main phases: The so-called upper castle with flanking towers was built in the Renaissance style in 1561–1571 under Johann von Oppersdorff. In 1606 the construction of the lower castle began on the east side . The castle chapel, which has been preserved to this day, was built between 1645 and 1668, probably with the help of the stonemasons Jakob Schwabe and Salomon Steinhafer, and the interior was painted around 1780 with frescoes by Franz Anton Sebastini. In 2005 the building was sold to a private investor. The building continued to fall into disrepair and so it was transferred back to the municipality in 2013 after a court order. Today the castle houses the regional museum. Also worth seeing are the baroque style castle gate and the castle park.
  • Bartholomäuskirche
    The St. Bartholomew Church was mentioned for the first time in the 14th century. The Gothic style church was a collegiate monastery until 1810. The interior of the church was designed by the baroque painter     Franz Anton Sebastini from Kojetín .
  • The Franciscan Church and its monastery complex dates from the 17th and 18th centuries.
  • The Marian column was erected in 1617 on the northern side of the ring.
  • The Hospital Church of St. Nikolaus was donated by the von Oppersdorff family in 1773. It was built in the baroque style.
  • In 1705 the wooden cemetery church of the Holy Cross was built.
  • Water art from the 16th century

In the neighborhood:

  • Franciscan Church

  • Franciscan monastery

  • St. Nicholas Church

  • Cemetery with the church of the Holy Cross

  • Former synagogue

traffic

Regional trains of the Przewozy Regionalne from Kędzierzyn-Koźle to Nysa or to Brzeg stop at the Oberglogau station . Furthermore, during the day, buses from PKS w Głubczycach Sp. Z oo run every hour to Opole .

local community

The town and country municipality of Oberglogau covers an area of ​​170 km². The population is 13,258 (as of June 30, 2019).

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

People connected to the city

Monument to Ludwig van Beethoven in Oberglogau
  • Nikolaus von Cosel (~ 1390 – after 1423), theologian and Franciscan minorite.
    He is considered to be the earliest German writer in Upper Silesia.
  • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), German composer.
    He lived in the castle of Oberglogau in 1806 and gave the Count of Oppersdorff the 4th Symphony in B flat major, Op. 60.
  • The grandfather of the American actress Uma Thurman , Friedrich Karl Johannes von Schlebrügge, was born on November 21, 1886 in Oberglogau and emigrated to Sweden in the 1930s.
  • The great-grandmother of John Kerry , 2013-2017 68 foreign ministers of the United States , Mathilde Frankel, was born in Oberglogau on 14 August 1845th

See also

literature

  • Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 1059-1069 .
  • Günter Hauptstock: Contributions to the history of the city of Oberglogau. Volume I-III. Self-published by G. Hauptstock.
  • Jaroslaw Kluskiewicz, Barbara Grzegorczyk: Głogówek (Oberglogau O / S) on old postcards. 2008. (German / Polish)
  • Ralph Wrobel: The Wiese-Pauliner Monastery near Oberglogau in the "Regestra Perceptarum et Expensarum ..." from 1711 . In: Archives for Silesian Church History , Vol. 70 (2012), pp. 159–181.

Web links

Commons : Głogówek  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, pp. 45-46, point 2 .
  2. ^ Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 1063 .
  3. ^ Gotthold Rhode : Brief history of Poland. Darmstadt 1965, pp. 24-25.
  4. ↑ Schlesische Regesten , No. 154 or Schlesisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 1, No. 143.
  5. ↑ 700 years of Oberglogau in Upper Silesia. Short messages in the Vossische Zeitung , June 30, 1925, morning edition, p. 9.
  6. ↑ Schlesische Regesten or Schlesisches Urkundenbuch.
  7. ↑ Cf. Chronology of the Historical Commission for the Neustadt / Oberschlesien district ( Memento of the original from April 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hkknos.de
  8. ↑ Upper Silesia travel guide. Retrieved February 27, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Quoted from: Gunnar Anger:  Oppersdorff, Hans Georg Graf von. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 21, Bautz, Nordhausen 2003, ISBN 3-88309-110-3 , Sp. 1095-1112.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  10. ↑ See results of the referendum ( memento of the original from November 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. down. on February 6, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oberschlesien-ka.de
  11. ↑ Cf. dat.prosilesia.net ( Memento from March 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ See nto.pl
  13. ↑ Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, pp. 94-95 .
  14. ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 2, G – Ko , Halle 1821, p. 41 .
  15. ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, p. 929 .
  16. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 824 .
  17. ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 1040, paragraph 25
  18. ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 382–383, item 1 .
  19. ^ Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, pp. 182-183, item 14 .
  20. ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  21. ↑ a b M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
  22. ↑ Cf. Polish Statistical Office ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stat.gov.pl
  23. ^ D. Emmerling (2011): Town halls of the cities of the Opolskie Voivodeship. Silesian publishing house. P. 25
  24. ↑ Upper Silesia travel guide. Retrieved February 27, 2018 .
  25. ↑ Upper Silesia travel guide. Retrieved February 27, 2018 .
  26. ↑ http://www.glogowek.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=71
  27. ^ D. Emmerling (2011): Town halls of the cities of the Opolskie Voivodeship. Silesian publishing house. P. 25
  28. ↑ http://www.glogowek.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=71