Luisa Maria Gonzaga
Luisa Maria Gonzaga (born August 18, 1611 in Paris , France , † May 10, 1667 in Warsaw , Poland ) was a princess from the Italian noble family of Gonzaga . Through her marriage to two Polish kings, Władysław IV. Wasa and John II. Casimir , she was Queen of Poland , Grand Duchess of Lithuania , and Titular Queen of Sweden . She was the daughter of Duke Carlo I Gonzaga and his wife Catherine de Lorraine-Guise (* 1585 - † March 18, 1618).
Life
Luisa, who spent her childhood with her mother, was to marry Gaston, Duke of Orléans in 1627 , but the French king was against the marriage and had her locked up first in Vincennes Castle and later in a monastery . She received the first proposal to marry the Polish King Władysław IV. Wasa in 1634, but Władysław then married the Austrian Archduchess Cäcilia Renata von Habsburg .
In 1640 she first met Władysław's brother, John Casimir II. In the same year she founded a literary salon in Paris. After Cäcilia Renata died in 1644, Luisa married Władysław Wasa on November 5, 1645 by procurationem , the groom being represented by his brother Johann. In order for the wedding to take place at all, the bride had to change her name from Maria to Ludowika, as the name Maria was reserved for the Virgin Mary in Poland at that time . The real wedding finally took place on March 10, 1646 in Warsaw.
Two years later, on May 20, 1648, Luisa Maria Gonzaga became a widow. The deceased's brother, John II Casimir, was then elected the next King of Poland and married her on May 30, 1649. Luisa Maria Gonzaga died on May 10, 1667 in Warsaw and was buried in the Wawel Cathedral in Krakow . Her sarcophagus is there in the crypt under the Vasa Chapel .
effect
Luisa Maria Gonzaga was an active and energetic woman with ambitious plans in business and politics. The Polish nobles took offense at the fact that she interfered in politics as queen and, for example, advocated the protection of the Arians in Opole and Ratibor , but she still played an important role, for example in repelling the Swedish invasion. In 1652 she founded the first Polish newspaper, Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny .
She invited two Parisian orders of sisters to establish branches in Poland and founded the Warsaw monasteries of the two orders: in 1654 the monastery of the Visiting Sisters and in 1652 (arrival of the sisters) and 1659 (move into the monastery) the motherhouse of the Sisters of Mercy .
Individual evidence
- ^ Siegfried Wollgast: Morphology of Silesian Religiosity in the Early Modern Age: Socinianism and Anabaptism. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 22, 2003, pp. 419-448, here: pp. 426 f.
- ↑ according to Janusz Durko, album Warszawski / Warsaw album. The image of the city according to the collections in the Historical Museum of the capital Warsaw , German-Polish edition, Agencja Reklamowo-Wydawnicza A. Grzegorczyk, ISBN 83-86902-73-6 , Warsaw 2000, p. 66
Web links
| predecessor | Office | Successor |
|---|---|---|
| Cäcilia Renata of Austria | Queen of Poland 1645–1667 |
Eleanor of Austria |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gonzaga, Luisa Maria |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Gonzaga de Nevers, Ludwika Maria; Gonzaga, Ludovica Maria; Ludwika Maria |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Queen of Poland |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 18, 1611 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 10, 1667 |
| Place of death | Warsaw |