Smiřický from Smiřice

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Coat of arms of those von Schmiritz

The Smiřický of Smiřice (Czech: Singular Smiřický ze Smiřic ; plural: Smiřičtí ze Smiřic even Smirziczky of Smirzicz ; German history: from Schmiritz ) was a Bohemian Uradelsgeschlecht that after the Veste Smirzicz in Hradec Kralove called and 1415 with John of Smirzicz (whose son of the same name was Royal Bohemian field captain and envoy to the Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire) in Regensburg and was beheaded in Prague on September 6, 1453) and Hynek Wladyk Smirziczky von Smirzicz appears first and probably with the Vladiken Hynek Smirziczky von Smirzicz the uninterrupted trunk line begins.

In 1475 they became imperial panners and imperial barons . Heinrich Freiherr Smirziczky von Smrzicz received the confirmation as baron in Bohemia on October 10, 1475 and took 32nd place in the oldest Bohemian lordship order from 1501. Jaroslaw Freiherr Smirziczky von Smirzicz was accepted into the Bohemian lordship (Bohemia) for the entire family of Prague in 1554. In the tribe of the namesake they died out with Heinrich Georg, who died on April 7, 1630 at Hruby Skala Castle.

coat of arms

Divided diagonally by silver and black, on the crowned helmet with black and silver covers a flight of black eagles on the right and silver on the left.

Family history overview

The Smiřice Fortress was in their possession from 1406 to 1449. In the 15th and 16th centuries they acquired extensive possessions, mainly in central and north-eastern Bohemia. In the middle of the 16th century they were divided into the main lines Hrubá Skála and Náchod and were among the richest noble families in Bohemia at the time. Their real estate largely consisted of allodial goods that could be freely inherited or sold, and the family fideikommiss Schwarzkosteletz and Uhříněves , which belonged to the oldest family member of the Smiřický, imperial barons and since 1554 in the Bohemian gentry (Bohemia) .

They introduced agricultural improvements on their estates in hereditary subjection , through which they achieved considerable economic success. In addition to field, cattle, forest and pond farming, salt trade was also carried out. Among the manors were also factories (brick factories, mills, cloth fulling, flat crushing houses, wine-growing, etc.) and breweries.

Personalities

  • Vaclav ( Wenceslas ), the first owner of Smiřice. In 1415 he signed the protest letter from Bohemian nobles to the Council of Constance .
  • Heinrich Frhr. Smirzisky von Smirzicz (dd 1475), on Lissa and Liblitz, died in 1487 and married to Katharina Freiin von Kolowrat, died in 1529, from whose marriage there were 11 children.
  • Jan Smiřický was a Hussite captain and captain of the Bunzlau district. He owned the Raudnitz , Bezděz , Houska and Helfenburk estates . In the last years of his life he was a staunch Catholic. Therefore, in 1453 he was charged with treason and sentenced to death. His grandson
  • Zikmund (Sigmund) Smiřický (1468–1548), son of Jindřich (Heinrich) Smiřický , was in the service of the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus . Between 1515 and 1524 he acquired Skály , Návarov , Hořice , Poličany , Miletín and Škvorec . In 1544 he bought the Nachod estate from Johann von Pernstein, with the Vízmburk estate attached . Of his eight sons, only three lived to see adulthood:
    • Jaroslav Smiřický (1513 - November 18, 1597), knighted by Emperor Charles V , imperial cupbearer, then royal Bohemian assessor and court marshal . He was heir to the basic rule Škvorec, Koloděj and Klučov . In 1549 he enlarged the family property to include the manors Schwarzkosteletz and Uhřiněves. In 1566 he became the guardian of the children of his brother Albrecht Smiřický, who died in 1566, on Hostin, Miletin and Skowrzecz and his wife Hedwig Freiin von Hasenburg (1553–1592). Jaroslav was married to Katharina Freiin von Hasenburg, died 1604, daughter of Johann Zagicz Frhr. von Hasenburg auf Budin and Libochowitz, Obersterblandmundschenk in the Kingdom of Bohemia and Princess Margarethe von Münsterberg from the house of Kunstadt and Podiebrad. He resided in Schwarzkosteletz, where he had the Gothic castle rebuilt into a Renaissance castle and a family crypt laid out. He was childless and in 1594 founded a family fideikommiss for the manors Schwarzkosteletz and Uhřiněves (Landtafelintimation in Volume 128, lit. E 2 and 11), whereby the property passed into the possession of the oldest family member in the event of inheritance.
    • Albrecht Smiřický (1528–1566), inherited hostess, Miletín, Skowrzecz, Poličany and Náchod. The Nachoder Smiřický line comes from him. In 1560 he sold Miletín and acquired the Škvorec manor from his brother Jaroslav. He was married to Hedwig Freiin von Hasenburg ( Hedvika z Házmburku * 1533; † March 28, 1592, remarried to Georg Popel von Lobkowitz), had five children, of whom only Václav (Wenzel), who died in 1593, reached adulthood, married and had offspring; as well as the three daughters Margarethe, Katharina and Anna. The daughter Markéta ( Margareta 1557–1593) married Wilhelm von Waldstein and became the mother of Wallenstein . Albrecht died on December 8, 1566 and was buried in the family vault of the Nachoder parish church of St. Laurentius.
    • Jindřich (Heinrich) Smiřický inherited Skály, Navarov, Semily and Hořice, which he expanded to include Trosky , Milovice and Úlibice.
  • Václav Smiřický (1563–1593) from the Nachoder line was probably the first of the family to study abroad. He was in the service of Archduke Charles II. After his return to Bohemia, he married Dorothea von Sternberg . Their children were:
    • Albrecht Václav Smiřický (1590–1614) became a half-orphan at the age of 3. His uncle Zikmund Smiřický (1558–1608) from the Skaler line was appointed his guardian. This let him study at the universities of Heidelberg, Geneva and Paris. After a long trip abroad (Holland, England, Belgium, France, Italy, Germany) he returned to Bohemia in 1610. To round off his possessions, he acquired the goods Rýzmburk and Třebešov . After the death of Jaroslav Smiřický in 1611 he became the oldest member of the Smiřický family, so that in addition to the inheritance or possessions, the family entails passed to him. However, he died three years later.
    • Katharina ( Kateřina ) was married to Rudolf von Stubenberg in Neustadt .
  • Zikmund Smiřický (* 1558; † 27 May 1608 in Prague) from the Skaler line was the brother of Václav Smiřický and from 1593 the guardian of his children. After the childless brother Albrecht Vladislav Smiřický na Hořicich died in 1602, Zikmund was one of the wealthiest landlords in Bohemia as the successor to Fideikommiss. Imperial cupbearer. Together with Václav Budovec z Budova he studied at the Lutheran University of Wittenberg . Zikmunds (Siegmund, Sigismund) was with Hedwig Freiin von Hasenburg († March 31, 1610), daughter of Georg Zakicz Frhr. married by Hasenberg to Mscheno. They had five children: the daughters Elisabeth Katharina († Jitschin February 1, 1625), Margarethe Salomena († in exile in the Netherlands) and the three sons:
    • Jaroslav Smiřický (* 1588; † Groß-Skal February 16, 1611) attended grammar school in Görlitz and then studied at the University of Basel , where he was one of the outstanding students. Several of his writings have survived. His disputation “De consiliariis florilegium politicum” from the winter semester 1605/1606 refers to the government of Rudolf II. After further studies at the Calvinist University of Heidelberg , he went on an educational trip through France, the Netherlands and Germany. On a trip to Italy in the spring of 1608, he received news of the death of his father, whose inheritance he took over in June of that year. In 1610 he married Anna Elisabeth (Alžběta) Zápsky von Zapp at Průhonice Castle (in Průhonice near Prague), daughter of the Siegmund Knight Zapsky von Zapp (on Augezdecz) and Margarethe von Sliwitz (Schliewitz), but died a year later and Anna Elisabeth married Johann Frhr as a widow in the second marriage. from Donin (Burggraf zu Dohna), to Groß-Walten (Velky Valtinov) in Northern Bohemia .
    • Jindřich (Heinrich Georg) Smiřický (1592-1630) was excluded from the line of succession and from the Fideikommiss succession because he was mentally weak. On April 7, 1630 he died as the last bearer of the Smirziczky von Smirzicz name in Groß-Skal (Hruba Skala).
    • Albrecht Jan Smiřický von Smiřice also Albert Johann (1594–1618), auf Nachod, Kostelecz and Aurzinieves, Bohemian state director, engaged to Amalie Elisabeth von Hanau-Münzenberg (1602–1651), was the oldest after the death of Albrecht Václav Smiřický in 1614 and only male family memberunderinheritance law, which is why all Smiřický possessions and the seniority passed to him. He was one of the most important representatives of the family and was a pretender to the Bohemian royal crown. Significantly involved in the second lintel in Prague , he was posthumously sentenced to death in 1621.

Decline after the Battle of White Mountain

After Albrecht Jan's death, the property passed to his sisters Elisabeth ( Alžběta ) and Margareta ( Markéta ), married Slavata von Chlum and Koschumberg . During the negotiations with the imperial commission about the inheritance, Elisabeth blew up the Jičín castle on February 1, 1620 and was killed herself. To the approx. 50 killed also belonged to her brother-in-law Slawata. As a result of this accident, the now widowed 23-year-old Markéta became sole heir.

Because of the political activities of the late Albrecht Jan and because Markéta was a staunch Protestant and supporter of the Winter King Frederick of the Palatinate , the Smiřicky property was confiscated by Emperor Ferdinand II (HRR) after the Battle of the White Mountains . Markéta, who had fled abroad with the Winter King via Nachod and Breslau , died in exile in the Netherlands. Guardian of the mentally weak Jindřich (Heinrich Georg) Smiřický (1592-1630), Albrecht von Waldstein was called Wallenstein , whose mother was a born Smiřický from the Nachoder line. After the death of his ward, he incorporated most of the Smiřický estates into his hand and his Duchy of Friedland .

Possessions

The goods confiscated between 1621 and 1623 included:

literature

  • Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 .
  • Lydia Baštecká, Ivana Ebelová (eds.): Náchod. Nakladatelství Lidové Noviny, Prague 2004, ISBN 80-7106-674-5 .
  • Golo Mann : Wallenstein. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1971, ISBN 3-10-047903-3 .
  • Václav Pěšak: Panství rodu smiřických v letech 1609–1618. Ministerstva Vnitra, Prague 1940. ( Sborník Archivu Ministerstva Vnitra Republiky Ceskoslovenské 13, ZDB -ID 1087998-5 )
  • Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian noble families. Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2 , pp. 289–293, Smirzinczky von Smirzicz (Smirschitz, Schmirsitz, Smirticz, etc.), with further references to Czech-language literature.
  • Hans-Ulrich Engel: Castles and palaces in Bohemia. According to old templates. 2nd Edition. Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 3-8035-8013-7 , Smiritz p. 64/65, illustration p. 189; Nachod p. 39-41, illustration p. 169; Schwarz-Kosteletz p. 82, illustration p. 305.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see novel by Procházka : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2 , pp. 289-293, there: Smirziczky von Smirzicz family line (Smirschitz, Schmirsitz, Smirticz, etc.) with further references.
  2. ↑ Publications
  3. ↑ Joachim Bahlcke : Regionalism and State Integration in Controversy. The lands of the Bohemian crown in the first century of the Habsburg rule (1526–1619.) (Writings of the Federal Institute for East German Culture and History, 3). Oldenbourg, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-486-56046-8 , p. 292f.

Web links

Commons : Smiřický von Smiřice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files