Johann IV of Pernstein

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Johann von Pernstein (also Johann von Pernstein auf Helfenstein ; Johann von Bernstein ; Hans von Pernstein ; Johann the Rich ; Czech Jan z Pernštejna ; Jan z Pernštejna a na Helfštejně ; Jan Bohatý ; born November 14, 1487 in Moravský Krumlov ; † 8. September 1548 in Židlochovice ) was from 1506 to 1516 and from 1520 to 1523 chief chamberlain and from 1515 to 1519 and from 1526 to 1530 governor of Moravia . From 1537 to 1548 he was pledge master of the County of Glatz and Count von Glatz .

Life

Johann von Pernstein came from the Moravian-Bohemian noble family Pernstein . His parents were Wilhelm II von Pernstein and Johanna von Liblitz ( Johanka z Liblic ). All that is known about Johann's childhood, which he presumably spent at the Pardubitz family castle , is that he spent some time in Breslau . In 1497 he and his younger brother Vojtěch von Pernstein (1490–1534) were knighted by the Bohemian King Vladislav II , who was on his way from Prague to Hungary, at Pardubice Castle . In 1506 he was appointed the Moravian Chamberlain and from 1515 he was Governor of Moravia several times. Before 1521 he used the title " von Tobitschau " ( z Tovačova ), where he lived with his family and had the castle rebuilt and fortified. After the death of his father in 1521, Johann's brother Vojtěch / Adalbert inherited the Bohemian possessions, while Johann received the Moravian lands. After that he used the title “von Helfenstein” until the end of his life , although later he mainly resided at the castle he built in Proßnitz . Shortly after the death of their father, both brothers converted to the Utraquists .

Johann fought in the Turkish Wars and in 1526 took part with Moravian troops in the battle of Mohács , which led to the death of King Ludwig II . After the death of his brother Adalbert / Vojtěch in 1534, Johann inherited his extensive Bohemian possessions, including the dominions of Náchod and Nové Město nad Metují . This made him one of the richest Bohemian magnates , from which his nickname "John the Rich" is derived.

Prostějov Castle, 1903

Johann, who had a keen sense for art, founded the first literary circle in Moravia in Trebitsch as early as 1516 . He promoted Renaissance architecture on his estates . From 1522 to 1530 he had a castle built in Proßnitz, where he mostly resided with his family. From 1536 to 1543 the parish church of St. Ursula was built in Chlumetz on his behalf . In 1538 he began building a castle in Wallachisch Meseritsch and had the Pardubice Castle rebuilt in the Renaissance style. The structurally neglected Pernstein Castle was expanded and representative redesigned during his rule. The coins minted in his Glatzer Münze 1540 to 1546 also correspond to the Renaissance style. He is depicted with a half-length portrait on her obverse to demonstrate his territorial rule on Glatzer.

With regard to the Bohemian state as well as in religious questions, Johann was of the opposite opinion of Ferdinand I. While Johann represented the interests of the estates, Ferdinand tried to limit their power.

Johann the Rich got into financial difficulties during his lifetime . In 1543 he had to sell the Riesenburg rule and a year later the Náchod and Lanšperk rule and parts of the Pottenstein rule with Lititz and Brandeis .

Johann died on September 8, 1548 in his South Moravian castle in Židlochovice . His body was buried in the Church of the Holy Cross in Doubravník , which he had rebuilt and which had been destroyed during the Hussite Wars , and his inheritance was divided among his sons. His third wife Magdalena von Ormosd survived him by eight years. The decline of his wealth continued after his death when his son Jaroslav also had to sell the Moravian possessions.

John's influence in Silesia

After the death of Duke Casimir II of Teschen in 1528, Johann von Pernstein took over the guardianship of Casimir's grandson Wenceslaus III. , whose father Wenceslaus II died in 1524, before the birth of Wenceslaus III. The corresponding contract was concluded during the lifetime of the grandfather Casimir II. At the same time, the engagement of Johann's daughter Marie von Pernstein, born in 1524, to Casimir's grandson Wenceslaus II was agreed. With an additional contract kept secret it was agreed that the Duchy of Teschen would inherit Johann von Pernstein or his descendants in the event that it should expire in the male line.

Johann as pledge master of the County of Glatz

In 1537 Johann acquired the county of Glatz, which belongs directly to Bohemia, from the Bohemian sovereign Ferdinand I for 83,464 guilders . At the same time he received the title of Count von Glatz as well as the minting privilege for the Glatzer coin. Since, in contrast to his Bohemian overlord Ferdinand I , he sympathized with the Reformation movement, he tolerated the spread of Lutheranism as well as the Schwenckfelder and Anabaptists in the Glatzer country. There he settled several disputes between the stands and, among other things, regulated the brewing rights. Although he supported the Bohemian Estates uprising in 1547, the Glatz Estates did not participate. As a result, the county was spared punitive actions by the Bohemian sovereign.

As early as 1546, two years before Johann von Pernstein's death, his sons negotiated with the Salzburg administrator Ernst von Bayern about the assignment of the County of Glatz to him. After the Bohemian estates accepted the Wittelsbacher Ernst as a Bohemian Landsassen , the county of Glatz was handed over to him on November 14, 1549. To disputes between the parties arose when John's son to him Vratislav the rule Hummel did not want to sell. Although this had been part of the county administratively since 1477, it was still considered a separate rule and was only acquired by Johann von Pernstein in 1541. Only after Ernst threatened to return the contract did the Pernsteiners give him the Hummel area with the towns of Reinerz and Lewin

family

Johann von Pernstein was married three times. In 1507 he married Anna von Postupitz ( Anna z Postupic ), who died in 1526. From this marriage came the children:

In his second marriage, Johann von Pernstein married Hedwig von Schellenberg ( Hedvika z Šelmberka ) in 1528 , who died in 1535. The children came from this marriage

In 1544 Johann von Pernstein married Magdalena, née Székely von Kövend Freiin von Friedau / Ormozd ( z Ormosdu ; † 1556), widow of the Hungarian magnate Alexius Thurzo von Bethlenfalva. This marriage remained childless.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joachim Bahlcke: Regionalism and State Integration in Controversy. The lands of the Bohemian Crown in the first century of Habsburg rule (1526–1619) . R. Oldebourg Verlag Munich 1994, p. 562.
  2. ^ Albin Heinrich: Attempt on the history of the Duchy of Teschen. Prochaska, Teschen 1818, possible transition of the Duchy of Teschen to the Pernsteiner
  3. ^ Gustav Adolf Benrath: Source book on the history of the Protestant Church in Silesia. Walter de Gruyter, 1992, Tolerance of Non-Catholics
  4. ↑ M. Teller: Bad Reinerz. Historically, topographically, natural history and medicine. H. Carl J. Satow, 1869, acquisition / sale of the Hummel estate
  5. ^ Karl August Müller: Vaterländische Bilder, in a history and description of the old castle festivals and knight castles of Prussia. Volume 1: The castle festivals and knight castles of Silesia (both parts), as well as the county of Glatz. Flemming, Glogau 1837, acquisition of the County of Glatz and the rule of Hummel
  6. ↑ [1]
personal data
SURNAME Pernstein, Johann von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pernstein on Helfenstein, Johann von; Bernstein, Johann von; Pernstein, Hans von; John the Rich; Pernštejna, Jan z (Czech); Pernštejna a na Helfštejně, Jan z (Czech); Bohatý, Jan (Czech)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian nobleman, governor of Moravia and pledgee of the County of Glatz
DATE OF BIRTH November 14, 1487
PLACE OF BIRTH Moravský Krumlov
DATE OF DEATH September 8, 1548
Place of death Židlochovice