Třebíč

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Třebíč
Třebíč coat of arms
Třebíč (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Historical part of the country : Moravia
Region : Kraj Vysočina
District : Třebíč
Area : 5760 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 13 '  N , 15 ° 53'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 13 '12 "  N , 15 ° 52' 40"  E
Height: 405  m nm
Residents : 35,691 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 674 01
traffic
Railway connection: Střelice – Okříšky
structure
Status: city
Districts: 17th
administration
Mayor : Pavel Janata (as of 2014)
Address: Masarykovo náměstí 116/6
674 01 Třebíč
Municipality number: 590266
Website : www.trebic.cz
View from above the Jewish quarter
St. Prokop's Basilica and Jewish Quarter on the right bank of the Jihlava
Karlsplatz
Street in the Jewish Quarter
the rear synagogue
Jewish Cemetery

Třebíč (German Trebitsch ) is the district town of the Okres Třebíč in the Czech Republic . It lies on both sides of the Jihlava at an altitude of 405 m above sea level. M. in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands . Over the past centuries the city has grown into an economic, political, administrative and cultural center in Southwest Moravia.

history

The first written records come from the year 1101, when the Moravian princes Ulrich von Brünn (Czech Oldřich Brněnský ) and Litold von Znaim (Czech Litold Znojemský ) had a Benedictine monastery built here . Due to the generosity of the rulers, the Třebíč Monastery was one of the wealthiest in the Přemyslid Empire and was therefore also the center of ecclesiastical administration.

Towards the end of the 13th century a church was built in Romanesque - Gothic style and was first dedicated to the Virgin Mary and later to St. Procopius . This basilica also survived the decline of the monastery and is now considered one of the most valuable structures of this century. The settlement around the monastery was finally granted town charter in 1277 . In 1335, Emperor Charles IV and King John of Luxembourg approved the construction of a city wall. The remains from the 14th century are still preserved today.

The Jewish quarter in Třebíč was first mentioned in 1338. During the Hussite Wars , the city was held by the Hussites in 1424-26 and 1430-35 and partially destroyed. On May 14, 1468 Třebíč was conquered by the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus and almost completely destroyed in the fighting with the troops of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady . Later, too, the city burned down several times, and so today one can hardly find any references to Gothic buildings and only a few to Renaissance buildings . Exceptions are several cellar vaults as well as two completely preserved late Gothic houses on Karlsplatz and the church of St. Martin from the 13th century.

Before the Battle of White Mountain , Třebíč belonged to the supporters of the Brotherhood (jednota bratrská). The city ​​survived the Thirty Years War - until the expropriation in 1945 it was owned by the Waldstein family - without major damage and successfully defended itself against re-Catholicization for a long time. Only later did the Catholics build the Capuchin monastery on Jejkov, today a district of Trebitsch, as a sign of victory .

There were big changes in the 19th century. The trade of weavers and drapers was followed by the manufacture of shoes and leather processing. In the second half of the 19th century, the Czech-speaking residents also won the battle for political power in the city against the richer and more influential German-Bohemian minority. In 1850 Třebíč became the seat of the newly established district authorities , making the town an administrative center. The seat of the district authority continued as the center of an okres in Czechoslovakia after the First World War.

Today, the economic focus continues to be on the traditional sectors of shoe manufacturing, mechanical engineering and wood processing, as well as the construction of nuclear power plants and equipment.

Demographics

Population development
year Residents Remarks
1839 06,731 with "3842 consistently Catholic and predominantly Moravian-speaking residents" in the suburbs
1857 06,084
1900 12,265 including the "Israelite Church"; together with the suburb of the lower monastery 13,590 "mostly Czech residents"

Attractions

Community structure

Třebíč includes the boroughs Borovina, Budíkovice, Horka-Domky, Horní Vílémovice, Jejkov, Nové Dvory, Nové Město, Pocoucov, Podklášteří, Ptáčov, Račerovice, Řípov, Slavice, Sokolit Tý and Zýnístí, Stařečka.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

(The following personalities were born in Třebíč. They are listed chronologically by year of birth. It does not take into account whether or not they later had their sphere of activity in Třebíč.)

Worked in place

(The listing is alphabetical.)

  • Jakub Deml (1878–1961), Czech priest, poet and writer, died here
  • Bedřich Václavek (1897–1943), Czech literary critic and theorist, spent his youth in the village and in 1915 took his Abitur here
  • Vítězslav Nezval (1900–1958), Czech poet, writer and translator, attended the local grammar school

Honorary citizen

Town twinning

Sports

Web links

Commons : Třebíč  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Trebitz in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical sites . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 621.
  3. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia . Volume 6: Iglauer Kreis and Moravian Enclavures . Brno 1842, p. 561.
  4. ^ Carl Kořistka : The Margraviate of Moravia and the Duchy of Silesia in their geographical relationships . Vienna and Olmütz 1861, p. 268 .
  5. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 19, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 685.
  6. ↑ http://www.trebic.cz/v-nbsp-ukrajinskem-rachivu-narazili-zastupci-mesta-na-masaryka/d-37105 (accessed on 2018-06-20)