Třebíč
Třebíč | ||||
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Basic data | ||||
State : | Czech Republic | |||
Historical part of the country : | Moravia | |||
Region : | Kraj Vysočina | |||
District : | Třebíč | |||
Area : | 5760 ha | |||
Geographic location : | 49 ° 13 ' N , 15 ° 53' E | |||
Height: | 405 m nm | |||
Residents : | 35,691 (Jan. 1, 2019) | |||
Postal code : | 674 01 | |||
traffic | ||||
Railway connection: | Střelice – Okříšky | |||
structure | ||||
Status: | city | |||
Districts: | 17th | |||
administration | ||||
Mayor : | Pavel Janata (as of 2014) | |||
Address: | Masarykovo náměstí 116/6 674 01 Třebíč |
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Municipality number: | 590266 | |||
Website : | www.trebic.cz |
Třebíč (German Trebitsch ) is the district town of the Okres Třebíč in the Czech Republic . It lies on both sides of the Jihlava at an altitude of 405 m above sea level. M. in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands . Over the past centuries the city has grown into an economic, political, administrative and cultural center in Southwest Moravia.
history
The first written records come from the year 1101, when the Moravian princes Ulrich von Brünn (Czech Oldřich Brněnský ) and Litold von Znaim (Czech Litold Znojemský ) had a Benedictine monastery built here . Due to the generosity of the rulers, the Třebíč Monastery was one of the wealthiest in the Přemyslid Empire and was therefore also the center of ecclesiastical administration.
Towards the end of the 13th century a church was built in Romanesque - Gothic style and was first dedicated to the Virgin Mary and later to St. Procopius . This basilica also survived the decline of the monastery and is now considered one of the most valuable structures of this century. The settlement around the monastery was finally granted town charter in 1277 . In 1335, Emperor Charles IV and King John of Luxembourg approved the construction of a city wall. The remains from the 14th century are still preserved today.
The Jewish quarter in Třebíč was first mentioned in 1338. During the Hussite Wars , the city was held by the Hussites in 1424-26 and 1430-35 and partially destroyed. On May 14, 1468 Třebíč was conquered by the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus and almost completely destroyed in the fighting with the troops of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady . Later, too, the city burned down several times, and so today one can hardly find any references to Gothic buildings and only a few to Renaissance buildings . Exceptions are several cellar vaults as well as two completely preserved late Gothic houses on Karlsplatz and the church of St. Martin from the 13th century.
Before the Battle of White Mountain , Třebíč belonged to the supporters of the Brotherhood (jednota bratrská). The city survived the Thirty Years War - until the expropriation in 1945 it was owned by the Waldstein family - without major damage and successfully defended itself against re-Catholicization for a long time. Only later did the Catholics build the Capuchin monastery on Jejkov, today a district of Trebitsch, as a sign of victory .
There were big changes in the 19th century. The trade of weavers and drapers was followed by the manufacture of shoes and leather processing. In the second half of the 19th century, the Czech-speaking residents also won the battle for political power in the city against the richer and more influential German-Bohemian minority. In 1850 Třebíč became the seat of the newly established district authorities , making the town an administrative center. The seat of the district authority continued as the center of an okres in Czechoslovakia after the First World War.
Today, the economic focus continues to be on the traditional sectors of shoe manufacturing, mechanical engineering and wood processing, as well as the construction of nuclear power plants and equipment.
Demographics
year | Residents | Remarks |
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1839 | 6,731 | with "3842 consistently Catholic and predominantly Moravian-speaking residents" in the suburbs |
1857 | 6,084 | |
1900 | 12,265 | including the "Israelite Church"; together with the suburb of the lower monastery 13,590 "mostly Czech residents" |
Attractions
- The Jewish quarter ( Ghetto ) of Třebíč was in 2003 after extensive restoration in the UNESCO - list of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of Humanity added. It is the only Jewish monument on this list outside of Israel . The old (front) synagogue from 1642 and the new (rear) synagogue from 1669 are also located here.
- The Jewish cemetery is one of the largest in the Czech Republic with around 3,000 gravestones on almost 12,000 m² (see also the funeral hall )
- The St. Prokop Basilica is an important architectural example of the transition from Romanesque to Gothic. After the severe damage, it was secularized in 1468 and only renovated by Franz Maximilian Kaňka in 1725–1731 with the addition of Baroque style elements and then re-consecrated. The basilica was also inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
- The castle emerged from the Benedictine abbey after its secularization and houses the Museum of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands with its collections of Christmas cribs , Moldavites and tobacco pipes .
- The Karlsplatz (Karlovo náměstí), central square of the town sqm with an area of about 22,000, is surrounded by numerous Baroque and some Renaissance buildings.
Community structure
Třebíč includes the boroughs Borovina, Budíkovice, Horka-Domky, Horní Vílémovice, Jejkov, Nové Dvory, Nové Město, Pocoucov, Podklášteří, Ptáčov, Račerovice, Řípov, Slavice, Sokolit Tý and Zýnístí, Stařečka.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
(The following personalities were born in Třebíč. They are listed chronologically by year of birth. It does not take into account whether or not they later had their sphere of activity in Třebíč.)
- František Vaclav Míča (1694–1744), composer
- Anton Michael Zeplichal (1737–1806), natural scientist, Jesuit
- Johann Philipp Neumann (1774–1849), physicist, librarian, poet
- Wolfgang Wesselý (1801–1870), Austrian lawyer
- Carl Budischowsky (1810–1884), leather manufacturer
- Sigismund Engländer (1820–1902), employee of Paul Julius Reuter ( Reuters Agency )
- Alois Reckendorf (1841–1911), pianist, music teacher, composer, teacher of Wilhelm Backhaus
- Adolf Kurrein (1846–1919), Zionist rabbi
- Ignaz Wild (Ignaz Stiassny) (1849–1909), actor, theater and concert agent, theater director (Theater in der Josefstadt, Vienna)
- Ferdinand Staeger (1880–1976), painter, graphic artist, portrait painter of great personalities, representative of Art Nouveau. Created his own style, the "mystical realism". Winner of the gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris (1938) and the Sudeten German Great Culture Prize (1971).
- Bohumír Šmeral (1880–1941), socialist politician
- Jan Syrový (1888–1970), soldier and major general
- Gustav Kaniak (1907–1993), Austrian lawyer and highest judge
- Jan Habrda (1912–1943), radio amateur and resistance fighter
- Vladimír Bouzek (1920–2006), ice hockey player and coach
- Vladimír Kostka (1922–2009), ice hockey player and coach
- František Bublan (* 1951), politician and theologian
- Věra Jourová (* 1964), politician
- Pavel Padrnos (* 1970), racing cyclist
- Patrik Eliáš (* 1976), ice hockey player
- Tomáš Abrahám (* 1979), football player
- Martin Erat (* 1981), ice hockey player
- Filip Trojan (born 1983), soccer player
- Petr Svoboda (* 1984), hurdler
- Theodor Gebre Selassie (* 1986), football player
- Vladimír Sobotka (* 1987), ice hockey player
- Anna Gebre Selassie (* 1991), handball player
Worked in place
(The listing is alphabetical.)
- Jakub Deml (1878–1961), Czech priest, poet and writer, died here
- Bedřich Václavek (1897–1943), Czech literary critic and theorist, spent his youth in the village and in 1915 took his Abitur here
- Vítězslav Nezval (1900–1958), Czech poet, writer and translator, attended the local grammar school
Honorary citizen
- Knight Karl von Stremayr (1823–1904), Minister for Culture and Education
Town twinning
- Oschatz , Germany
- Lilienfeld , Austria since 1991
- Humenné , Slovakia
- Rakhiv , Ukraine
Sports
- SK Horácká Slavia Třebíč , ice hockey club, founded in 1928, has played in the first division since 1997
- FC Slavia Třebíč , football club
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical sites . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 621.
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia . Volume 6: Iglauer Kreis and Moravian Enclavures . Brno 1842, p. 561.
- ^ Carl Kořistka : The Margraviate of Moravia and the Duchy of Silesia in their geographical relationships . Vienna and Olmütz 1861, p. 268 .
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 19, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 685.
- ↑ http://www.trebic.cz/v-nbsp-ukrajinskem-rachivu-narazili-zastupci-mesta-na-masaryka/d-37105 (accessed on 2018-06-20)