Rouchovany
| Rouchovany | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Kraj Vysočina | ||||
| District : | Třebíč | ||||
| Area : | 2477 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 4 ' N , 16 ° 6' E | ||||
| Height: | 360 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,179 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 675 57 | ||||
| License plate : | J | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Náměšť nad Oslavou - Znojmo | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Vladimír Černý (as of 2020) | ||||
| Address: | Rouchovany 35 675 57 Rouchovany |
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| Municipality number: | 591629 | ||||
| Website : | www.rouchovany.cz | ||||
Rouchovany (German Rauchowan , 1939–45 Ruchwan ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers southeast of Hrotovice and belongs to the Třebíč .
geography
Rouchovany is located on the left side of the Rouchovanka river - opposite the confluence of the Boříkovský creek - in the Jevišovická pahorkatina ( Jaispitzer hill country ), a subsystem of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands . To the northeast is the Dukovany nuclear power plant . Borůvka (406 m nm) rises to the south. The state road II / 399 between Náměšť nad Oslavou and Znojmo leads through Rouchovany , from which the II / 396 branches off to Branišovice . To the north-west are the medieval desert Mstěnice and the remains of the castle of the same name. The Rokytná Nature Park extends to the south.
Neighboring towns are Slavětice in the north, the desert areas Lipňany and Heřmanice in the north-east, Horní Dubňany and Kordula in the east, Rešice , Zámek, Čermákovice and Horní Kounice in the south-east, Šemíkovice in the south, Újezd , Přešovice and Litovany and Radkovice uřírůvicový in the south-west in the west and Bačice , Krhov , Nové Dvory and Hrotovice in the north-west.
history
The settlement was first mentioned in writing in 1218, when the local pastor was listed as a witness in a dispute over the mill in Znojmo . Since 1241 Rouchovany was a princely estate. In 1340 the estate belonged to Smil Bítovský von Lichtenburg as a pledge , who three years later allowed Margrave Karl to redeem the Ruchwan , Starč and Purnitz estates near Bohuš von Starč and contributed 500 groschen to it. The Ruchwan estate was later returned to the Margrave. In 1353 Ruchwan was named a town, confirmed by King Matthias Corvinus in 1486 . In 1369 the town was granted the right to brew beer, a separate jurisdiction, from Margrave Johann Heinrich , and was released from liability for seizures. In 1373 he bequeathed the estate to his son Johann Sobieslaus in a will . In 1476 Berchtold von Leipa pledged the town of Eibenschitz , the town of Rochwan and the villages of Leipertitz , Herzmanitz , Ketkowitz , Czuczitz and Rapotitz as well as the deserted Rapstein Castle to Wilhelm von Pernstein . On the occasion of her marriage to Heinrich von Leipa , he transferred the Rouchovany estate to his daughter Bohunka as a dowry . The lords of Leipa took the Krumlov estate to their rule . the oldest news about a school dates back to 1596. After the battle of White Mountain in 1621, the property of Bohuslaw von Leipa, who was a leader of the Moravian estates, was confiscated. In 1624 Gundaker von Liechtenstein bought the rule. During the First Silesian War , Prussian troops invaded Rouchovany in 1742 and raised 300 Rhenish guilders as arson . A new single-storey schoolhouse was built on the market in 1782. In 1805 a fire destroyed a large part of the town. Instead of the school that had burned down, a new schoolhouse was built in 1833. Four annual and four horse markets were held in Rauchowan .
In 1835 the Rauchowan or Rauchowaný market in the Znojmo district on the trade route from Brno to Budwitz consisted of 139 houses in which 784 people lived. The main source of income was agriculture, especially the cultivation of peas, as well as some handicrafts. The parish belonging to the Jaispitzer deanery, the Church of the Assumption of Mary and the school were under the patronage of the manor . There was also an inn and general store in the village. Together with the villages of Heřmanitz and Přeschowitz , Rauchowan was separated from the rest of the dominion by the Dukowan estate . Rauchowan was the parish for Heřmanitz, Lipnan , Přeschowitz, Schamikowitz and Skreý as well as seven mills and two Meierhöfe. Until the middle of the 19th century Rauchowan remained subordinate to the Fideikommiss-Primogeniturherrschaft Moravian-Krummau .
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Rouchovany / Rauchowan 1849 with the districts Heřmanice , Přešovice and Šemíkovice a town in the judicial district of Moravian Kromau . Přešovice became independent in 1868. From 1869 the market belonged to the Moravian Kromau district . At that time Rouchovany had 1077 inhabitants and consisted of 180 houses. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1882. Heřmanice and Šemíkovice broke up in 1894 and formed their own communities. A new school building was built in 1895 in the local area of “V Němcích”. In 1899 there were riots against the Jews for three days in the small town , in which 20 gendarmes had to intervene. As a result, a gendarmerie station was set up; All but one family left Rouchovany. In 1896 Rouchovany was assigned to the judicial district of Hrottowitz . In 1900 there were 1182 people in Rouchovany; In 1910 it was 1158. In 1914 the town received electrical lighting, and the electricity was supplied by the small power station of the manor Dukovany on the Jihlava . In 1920 a community school was opened. In the 1921 census, 1,041 people lived in the 197 houses of the Minor town, including 1,030 Czechs, five Jews and one German. In 1930 Rouchovany consisted of 291 houses and had 1292 inhabitants. After the German occupation, the market town was reclassified to the Mährisch Budwitz district in 1939; until 1945 Rouchovany / Ruchwan belonged to the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . After the end of the war, the old district structures were restored. In 1950 Rouchovany had 1105 inhabitants. In the course of the territorial reform and the abolition of the Okres Moravský Krumlov, the municipality was assigned to the Okres Třebíč on July 1, 1960 . On January 1, 1968 the incorporation of Šemíkovice took place. The municipality of Heřmanice, which was relocated in 1976 for the construction of the Dukovany nuclear power plant , was abolished at the beginning of 1980 and its district was added to the municipality of Rouchovany. 1980 Přešovice was incorporated, the place became independent again in 1990. In the 2001 census, there were 1101 people in the 417 houses in the municipality, 1011 of them in Rouchovany (356 houses) and 90 in Šemíkovice (61 houses).
Community structure
The municipality Rouchovany consists of the districts Rouchovany ( Rauchowan ) and Šemíkovice ( Schamikowitz ). Basic settlement units are Heřmanice ( Herzmanitz ), Rouchovany and Šemíkovice. Rouchovany also includes the Bendův Mlýn, Šabatův Mlýn, Soukupův Mlýn and Texlův Mlýn layers.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Heřmanice u Rouchovan, Rouchovany and Šemíkovice.
Attractions
- Romanesque - Gothic Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary with preserved masonry from the years 1585 to 1610. The Gothic linden wood Madonna von Rauchowan ( Rouchovanská madona ), which has been documented since 1325 , has been in the National Gallery in Prague since 1935 , the specimen in the church today is one from the restorer Radomír Surma made copy
- Baroque rectory from the 18th century
- City tower, it was built in 1585 and raised to its current height in 1610. The first tower clock was purchased in 1747.
- Town hall, built in 1604
- Town hall square with catacombs from the 30 Years War
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
- Marterl, at house No. 215
- Memorial stone for the victims of both world wars, with a bust of TG Masaryk
- medieval desert Mstěnice, the village died out in 1468 during the Bohemian-Hungarian War
- Remains of the Mstěnice castle, it was built in the middle of the 13th century
Personalities
- Amálie Kutinová (1898–1965), writer
- The family of the writer Vítězslav Nezval lived in the Šemíkovice district at the beginning of the 20th century . The place is described in his novels.
literature
- Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 , part 1, p. 590
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Obec Rouchovany: podrobné informace , uir.cz
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ L. Hošák, R. Šrámek, Místní jména na Moravě a ve Slezsku I, Academia, Praha 1970, II, Academia, Praha 1980th
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia, presented topographically, statistically and historically . Volume III: Znojmo Circle, Brno 1837, pp. 321, 343
- ↑ Chytilův místopis ČSR, 2nd updated edition, 1929, p. 1081 Rouchovany - Roveň Dolná
- ↑ Části obcí , uir.cz
- ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky , uir.cz
- ↑ Katastrální území , uir.cz