Horní Kounice
| Horní Kounice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 1237.4603 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 2 ' N , 16 ° 9' E | ||||
| Height: | 355 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 304 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 671 40 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Tavíkovice - Tulešice | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Libor Procházka (as of 2016) | ||||
| Address: | Horní Kounice 117 671 40 Tavíkovice |
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| Municipality number: | 594105 | ||||
| Website : | www.hornikounice.cz | ||||
Horní Kounice (German Oberkaunitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located twelve kilometers west of Moravský Krumlov and belongs to the Okres Znojmo .
geography
Horní Kounice is located on the right side above the Rokytná valley in the Jevišovická pahorkatina ( Jaispitzer hill country ). The village lies on the edge of the Rokytná nature park in the headwaters of a small tributary to the Kounický creek. In the north rises the Výhon (368 mnm), northeast the Strašák (351 mnm), in the east the Tanárka (391 mnm), south the Stará hora (376 mnm), in the west the Velké díly (384 mnm) and northwest the Klobouček (389 mnm).
Neighboring towns are Bendův Mlyn, Spálený Mlyn, Valův Mlyn, Kordula and Zámek in the north, Rešice , Horní Dubňany , Dolní Dubňany and Alinkov in the Northeast, Čermákovice , Vémyslice and Petrovice to the east, Karolín, Džbánice , Trstěnice and Morašice the southeast, Pustý Zámek, Višňové and Mlýnek in the south, Medlice and Přeskače in the south-west, Dobronice and Tavíkovice in the west and Nový Mlýn, Šemíkovice and Rouchovany in the north-west.
history
Archaeological finds prove the settlement of the community area in the Neolithic and Hallstatt periods .
It is believed that at the transition from the 11th to the 12th century, a small Slavic settlement was built on the site of the present village, which was named after a locator Kúna. Probably at the beginning of the 13th century, the Margrave of Moravia donated the village to the Order of St. John , who established a commander in Horní Kounice . It is possible that they were founded by the Kommende Mailberg . The Johanniter expanded the place around 1210, the land was emphyteutically left to the new settlers . The core of Horní Kounice was formed by a regular rectangular square, to which the church and the Coming Church were connected to the northwest.
The first written mention of Kuniz took place in 1235. The oldest evidence of the coming comes from a document of the Znojmo parish church of St. Niklas from September 15, 1248 about the tithe of the village Raklinice, in which the friars Nikolaus and Ortulf from Cuniz are mentioned were. From around 1240 onwards, the commander received half of the larger and smaller tithe from Grillowitz . After the battle on the Marchfeld in 1278 the victorious troops of the German king Rudolf I devastated the possessions of the commander. At the beginning of the 14th century the Kommende operated important viticulture. In 1302 the abbot Theodorich from Klosterbruck left a vineyard in Chunicz to his convent .
On September 22, 1318, Chunicz was raised to the status of a town by King John of Luxembourg and was given privileges to hold a weekly market on Tuesdays and a fair. In addition, the upcoming received the tithe from Horní Dubňany , Dukovany and Bohuslavice . A little later the church was expanded to the east. The Přeskač pastor Mikuláš gave the Chuniczer Johanniter a vineyard in Džbánice, two vineyards in Petrovice and a Lahn Acker near Stařečice. From 1328 the Commander Leo worked in Chunicz , who probably came from the important Kuttenberg family Pirkner and was a close relative of Berthold Pirkner von Pirkenstein auf Tempelstein . In 1349 Nikolaus von Wildungsmauer was mentioned as a commander. Before 1360, Heinrich Zajímač von Kunstadt auf Jaispitz acquired a share from Chunicz , which he sold in 1385 to Heinrich Schenkwitzer. The outbreak of the Moravian fratricidal war between the Marquis Jobst and Prokop of Moravia at the end of the 14th century led to the decline of the Coming House. In addition, impoverished nobles plundered the country as robber barons . In the area at the beginning of the 15th century the band of robbers of Hašek von Waldstein was up to mischief, whose members, according to the court documents, also included Petr and Chodar from Chunicz .
In the first quarter of the 15th century, Johann von Kunstadt on Jaispitz acquired the goods of the Kommende Chunicz . It is not known whether he received the town as a pledge or whether he forcibly appropriated it. The lords of Kunstadt had the former commander fortified in the first half of the 15th century and expanded it into a fortress. On April 25, 1424, Johann von Kunstadt called himself with his seat in Chunicz . The festival became the seat of a sideline of the Lords of Kunstadt, who founded a brewery to strengthen the town's prosperity. The Hussite Wars prevented the further development of Chunicz . Even after that there was no peace. During the Bohemian-Hungarian War, the landlord Boček Dürrteufel von Kunstadt and his nephew Jan Boček fought against Matthias Corvinus on the side of Georg von Poděbrady . At the beginning of May 1468 a mercenary army of the Znojmo Landwehr besieged the fortress Chunicz and finally took it in July. The Hungarian king gave the city of Znojmo the goods of Boček Dürrteufel and Jan Boček von Kunstadt. Boček Dürrteufel was able to win back the Chunicz estate later. By this time Chunicz had lost its importance and was again referred to as a village. Around 1480, Benedikt von Weitmühl bought the property as a pledge. At the transition from the 15th to the 16th century, Chunicz was overwhelmed with immense pledges, the payment of which was impossible for the Johanniter.
In 1505, King Vladislav II Jagiello left the Kounice estate with the fortress, the parish and the Kounice farm, the villages of Kounice (including a mill) and Medlice , seven inmates and the parish in Přeskače, each with one inmate with three barren wages and the parishes in Čermákovice and Šemíkovice, an inmate in Borotice , the desert village Raklenice, a desolate farm in Dobrá Voda and a desolate vineyard in Džbánice to Johann von Weitmühl , who in 1506 assigned it to his sister-in-law Anna von Kamenná Hora. With this, Vladislav II also withdrew the ground from the recurring demands of the Johanniter for the return of their former property. In 1518 Anna von Kamenná Hora left the Kounice estate to Sebastian von Weitmühl auf Komotau , against which the Altbrno Commander Johann von Florstet protested. Sebastian von Weitmühl the goods insured immediately landtäflisch the John of Petrowec, which it inherited his eldest son George. After his death, the Kounice estate fell to his younger brothers, of whom Heinrich Wyšnowsky von Petrowec finally became the sole owner. To distinguish it from the nearby town of the same name , the place was called Horní Kounice since the middle of the 16th century . King Ferdinand I confirmed Horní Kounice's old privileges in 1552 and gave the town a coat of arms showing a knight with a sword on a horse slaying a dragon, and the privilege to seal with green wax. The next owner was Heinrich's daughter Anna Wyšnowska von Petrowec. Their widower, Wenzel Hrubčický von Čechtín, had the estate signed to Heinrich Březnický von Náchod in 1581 . During the 16th century, the Horní Kounice parish became Protestant. The Counts of Náchod held Horní Kounice for almost a century.
Heinrich's son, Georg Březnický von Náchod, served as colonel of the Moravian estates. In the spring of 1619 he fled to Vienna after the mutiny of his officers prevented his regiment from changing sides to the imperial army. All his property in Moravia was confiscated by the rebels , and Emperor Ferdinand II made him Count of Lichtenburg . In 1620 Georg von Náchod and Lichtenburg returned to Moravia. After the battle of the White Mountain he got Horní Kounice and all other possessions back. During the Thirty Years War the estate was plundered several times. After the war the villages of Medlice and Čermákovice were parished. In 1660 large parts of Horní Kounice burned down. With Georg's son Ferdinand Leopold Count of Náchod and Lichtenburg (1625–1672), who inherited the estate in 1634, the Březnický von Náchod family died out in the male line. The land rights awarded the estate on April 28, 1668 to the Moravian Vice Chamberlain Mathias von Wunschwitz. According to a description of the town from 1671, Horní Kounice consisted of five full-hoppers, ten half-hoppers, two quarter-hoppers and three cottagers with the fields; After the fire, there was a heap and a half, four whole, eight half, one quarter and four houses with fields.
Wunschwitz sold the Horní Kounice and Alinkov estates after Ferdinand Leopold's death on March 6, 1672 for 24,900 Rhenish guilders to Johann Ernst von Montrochier, who in 1675 also acquired the Lysice estate . Montrochier sold Horní Kounice and Alínkov with the addition of a gold emerald-studded collar on March 20, 1675 for 17,000 Rhenish guilders to Johann Sigmund Kořensky von Tereschau and his son Johann. On October 25, 1686, the Bohemian court fief and chamber law assessor Johann Rudolf Schönwitz von Ungerswerth and Adlerslöwen acquired the estate for 26,500 Rhenish guilders. He sold Ober-Kaunitz on August 6, 1693 for 39,500 Rhenish guilders to the Moravian land rights assessor Maximilian Ernst Freiherr Jankovsky von Vlasching (1665–1736), who was later raised to the rank of count. Maximilian Jankovsky von Vlasching attached Ober-Kaunitz to his Skalitz estate and on November 11, 1693 bought the Chlupitz estate from Abbot Gregor Klein from Klosterbruck for 10,000 Rhenish guilders . The daughters Marie Anna Leopoldina (1696–1734) and Maria Johanna (1701–1752) sprang from his marriage to Katharina Countess von Lamberg . With his death, the Jankovsky family of Vlasching ( Jankovský z Vlašimě ) died out in the male line. Until 1736 Ober-Kaunitz belonged to Gut Skalitz.
After Maximilian's death, his daughter Maria Johanna inherited the Ober-Kaunitz estate and Cavriani married . At that time the village consisted of twelve full-hoppers, 16 half-hunters, ten quarter-hunters and 13 cottagers. After her death, a dispute broke out among the relatives about the family inheritance, which was decided in 1755 by the Bohemian Queen Maria Theresa in favor of Field Marshal Heinrich Dietrich Martin Joseph Graf Daun . In the same year Marie Anna Leopoldina's son Maximilian Franz Xaver Count Daun took over the property; In 1788 she inherited his son Johann. In 1789 a one-class school was set up in Ober-Kaunitz. In 1795 there were 346 people living in the town. After Johann Graf Daun died in 1795, the goods Vöttau , Skalitz, Ober-Kaunitz, Ober-Latin and Latin fell to his underage brother Franz de Paula Josef († 1836). In 1805 and 1809 the village was sacked by French troops. At the beginning of the 19th century, the official seat was moved from Skalitz to Ober-Kaunitz. During the cholera epidemic of 1831, the Ober-Kaunitz cemetery had to be expanded. Count Franz Daun bought the Biskupitz estate from Anton Freiherr von Pillersdorf for 87,000 guilders on January 27, 1828 . On 12 July 1833 he bought for 125,000 guilders and 100 ducats key money from his relatives Leopoldina Countess of Koenigsegg-Aulendorf nor the Good Röschitz . In 1837 his son Heinrich Graf von Daun inherited the property. The Counts of Daun mainly farmed sheep here.
In 1834 the combined goods Ober-Kaunitz, Latin, Allingau , Skalitz, Röschitz, Chlupitz, Kordula and Biskupitz comprised a usable area of 8229 Joch 1002 square fathers, of which 1858 Joch 20 square fathoms belonged to the Allodialgut Ober-Kaunitz. 2,377 Catholics lived in the villages of Ober-Kaunitz, Biskupitz, Chlupitz, Kordula, Unter-Latin , Röschitz and Skalitz in the area of the united goods . With the exception of Chlupitz, where German was spoken, all other villages were Moravian-speaking. The main source of income was agriculture. The stately forests were managed by the four forest districts of Ober-Kaunitz, Latin, Biskupitz and Röschitz. The rule maintained six Meierhöfe in Skalitz, Ober-Kaunitz, Allingau, Röschitz, Latin and Biskupitz. The Ober-Kaunitz or Kaunice hornj market consisted of 67 houses with 441 Moravian- speaking residents , including the Allingau settlement . The St. Michael's Church, the parish belonging to the Jaispitzer deanery and the school were under the patronage of the authorities . In addition, there was an aristocratic Meierhof, a liquor house and two mills in Ober-Kaunitz . The place was also the seat of a forest district. Ober-Kaunitz was the pastor for Czermakowitz and Medlitz . Up until the middle of the 19th century, Ober-Kaunitz was the official place of the combined goods of Ober-Kaunitz, Latin, Allingau, Skalitz, Röschitz, Chlupitz, Kordula and Biskupitz. In 1845, Emperor Ferdinand I granted the Ober-Kaunitz market the privilege of holding four annual markets.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Horní Kounice / Upper Kaunitz in 1849 with the hamlet Alinkov a market town in the judicial district Kromau. In 1851 a new school building was built. In 1868 the community became part of the Kromau district. The volunteer fire brigade was founded between 1888 and 1889. In 1895 the schoolhouse was increased and a teacher's apartment was built to accommodate two-class lessons. With the death of Ottokar Graf von Daun, the family of the Counts of Daun died out in the male line in 1904. On the basis of a family inheritance contract , the goods fell to the four children from the marriage of Bertha von Daun († 1856) and Karl Wilhelm von Haugwitz , who, however, could not agree on the division of the inheritance and initially leased the goods. In 1905 they sold the Horní Kounice estate to the owner of Tavíkovice , Robert Goldschmidt. In the spring of 1918 he sold part of his large property to the Moravian Agricultural Bank, which sold it to Josef Kobsinek that same year.
After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated and in 1918 the community became part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic . In the first election in 1919, the Czechoslovak People's Party (ČSL) emerged victorious. In 1920 there were 509 people living in Horní Kounice's 95 houses, 507 of whom were Czech, one German and one Pole. In 1922 there were six carpenters, three masons, two traders, innkeepers, blacksmiths, tailors and wagons as well as one carpenter, saddler, cobbler, miller, baker, tobacconist and seamstress each. In the course of the land reform between 1923 and 1924, parts of the property were distributed to 39 interested parties. In 1927, the electrification of Horní Kounice began. A year later the new road to Medlice was completed. In the 1930 census, 491 people lived in 96 houses in the town, another ten houses were uninhabited. In 1937 a telephone booth and a telegraph station were set up in the market. After the Munich Agreement, Horní Kounice remained with Czechoslovakia in 1938 and was incorporated into the Okres Moravské Budějovice. During the German occupation , some residents joined the partisans; among them were František Pergr and Jan Fehnrych, who died in an exchange of fire with German soldiers. At the end of 1942, Bessarabian Germans were billeted in Horní Kounice . At the end of the war, the abandoned mill Spálený mlýn served as a shelter for a thirteen partisan detachment. At that time, a German resident of Horní Kounice was shot dead by partisans for holding a rifle in his hands. Between May 7th and 8th 1945 there was fighting between the Wehrmacht and Soviet fighter planes, which bombed the place. Three houses and two barns burned down. On May 8, 1945, the Red Army occupied the village. After the end of the Second World War, Horní Kounice was again part of the Okres Moravský Krumlov. The German residents were expropriated and driven out . Some of the Czechs left Horní Kounice and moved to the evacuated villages in the border area. A JZD was formed in 1950 , and most of the farmers refused to join the kolkhoz until 1957. In the course of the abolition of the Moravský Krumlov Okres, Horní Kounice was assigned to the Okres Znojmo in 1961. In the same year a hailstorm caused severe damage and a child drowned in the storm. In 1964 the Dorfbach was regulated. In 1970 the market square was redesigned. On May 24, 1976 Horní Kounice received the title "Obec 30. výročí osvobození Československou Sovětskou armádou" ( municipality of the 30th anniversary of the liberation of Czechoslovakia from the Soviet army ). In September 1976 Horní Kounice was forcibly incorporated into Čermákovice. In 1990 Horní Kounice broke away from Čermákovice and formed its own municipality. In the 1991 census, Horní Kounice had 313 inhabitants.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Horní Kounice. To Horni Kounice include the court Alinkov ( Allingau ) and the monolayer Valův Mlyn.
Attractions
- Church of the Archangel Michael; the late Romanesque building erected in the middle of the 13th century was extended to the east in the first half of the 14th century. In the 15th century a church tower was probably added. The sacristy was added in the second half of the 17th century. In the years 1785–1790 the church was newly vaulted, redesigned in baroque style and given a new tower. It is equipped with three altars. The wall paintings on the two side altars are by Josef Winterhalder . The oldest of the three bells dates from 1476. In 1906 the church received a new organ. In 1917 two bells were requisitioned; after a public collection, the church received two new bells in 1924, which were confiscated during the Second World War. In June 1970 the church received new bells again. The renovation began in 1991.
- Rectory on the village square, built in 1780, reconstructed in 1798
- Festivities Horní Kounice, which was built in the 13th century and became extinct during the Hussite Wars. The complex was converted into a Gothic fortress in the first half of the 15th century as the residence of a branch of the Lords of Art City. After 1517 it was only used as a farm building. In the 17th and 18th centuries it was converted into a warehouse.
- Memorial stone for the fallen of the First World War, unveiled in 1928
- Niche chapel, by the pond
- Statues of hll. Anthony of Padua and John of Nepomuk, at the church
- Historic fire engine
- Crossroads on the road to Trstěnice
- Crossroads on the western outskirts
- Alinkov farm
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/594105/Horni-Kounice
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Presumably this: Heinrich / Jindřich (I.) d. Ä. Zajímač († 1409); married to Anna von Konice (Kounice?) , founder of the branch "Zajímač von Kunstadt und Lichtenau" (Zajímači z Kunštátu az Lichtenau) ; see master list of the gentlemen of Kunstadt
- ↑ Probably this: Jan (III.) Dürrteufel / Suchý Čert on Horní Kounice.
- ↑ Boček (V.) Dürrteufel / Suchý Čert on Horní Kounice and Únanov, documented 1440–1481
- ↑ Jan (V.) Boček Dürrteufel / Suchý Čert on Polná, Buchlov and Bzenec, documented 1456–1501
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia topographically, statistically and historically described , III. Volume: Znaimer Kreis (1837), pp. 512-522