Šatov
| Šatov | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 1343 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 48 ' N , 16 ° 1' E | ||||
| Height: | 248 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,125 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 671 22 | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | Minor town | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Petr Javůrek | ||||
| Address: | Šatov 124 671 22 Šatov |
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| Municipality number: | 594881 | ||||
| Website : | www.obecsatov.cz | ||||
Šatov (German Schattau ) is a minor town and a wine village, which is six kilometers south of Znojmo (Znaim) in the southernmost part of the Czech Republic .
history
In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them with privileges such as ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The ui dialect that was spoken until 1945 and the layout of the village show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .
Šatov was first mentioned in a document in 1201. Since 1338 the place has been called "Schattau". In 1373 Margrave Johann von Moravia allowed the place to hold an eight-day fair. The market survey took place on July 29, 1497 by King Wladislaus . The market rights and privileges were granted by the Roman-German king and later Emperor Ferdinand I (1531), Emperor Karl VI. (1727) and Maria Theresia (1747) confirmed again. A schoolmaster was named in Schattau as early as 1586. In 1601, Emperor Rudolf II authorized another fair. The place also had the right to its own jurisdiction, to which the gallows on the Galgenberg in the south belonged. Since the 16th century Schattau belonged to the rule Frain (Frain) , later the place came to the rule Joslowitz . A small part of the place later came under the rule of the Bruck monastery , until it was dissolved under Joseph II. 1609 the place was sold to Wolf Dietrich von Althan. After his death, his wife Katharina born Powerful rule. Schattau was already known for its good wine at this time. Registries have been kept since 1637. Online search via the Brno State Archives. In 1677 the plague raged in the village and killed 80 Schattauern. A year later, 178 residents of the village went on a pilgrimage to Mariazell. The ship sank and only 2 people were able to save themselves. During the First Silesian War in 1742 the place was occupied by 600 Prussian soldiers for two days. In the years 1766 and 1767, major fires raged in the village, which destroyed 122 and 147 houses respectively. Around 1787 a two-class school was built in the village.
During the coalition wars, Schattau suffered from billeting of French troops in 1805 and 1809. In the years 1831 and 1832 cholera broke out in the village, claiming 20 victims among the residents. During the revolution of 1848/1849 a national guard was set up in March 1848. They practice with wooden guns once a week. On December 2, 1848, however, the National Guard was disbanded. In 1864 a gendarmerie post was set up in the village. An economic boom in the place followed after the connection to the north-west railway line (1870) and the opening of a pottery factory (1873). In 1874 a flood destroyed part of the village. In order to enable the increasing number of children in the village to go to school, a new four-class school building was built in 1885 and later even increased and expanded to five classes. A volunteer fire brigade was founded in Schattau as early as 1888. The majority of the people of Schattau lived from cattle and agriculture, with viticulture , which has been cultivated in South Moravia for centuries, played a special role. As a result of the phylloxera plague , which first appeared in Schattau in South Moravia around 1864 and which soon spread further, the area under vines was reduced by half to 259 hectares and, as a result, the area decreased by two thirds by 1925. In addition to the usual small business, there was also a brick factory, a pottery factory and a mill in the village.
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After the break-up of Austria-Hungary , Moravia became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia . In 1910, 96% of the residents of Schattau were German South Moravians . In the interwar period , government measures such as land reform brought Czech settlers to the village. In 1919 a Czech school was set up in the German school and in 1923 a separate building was built for it. The proportion of the German population fell by 35% within 30 years, and by the census year 1930 to 61%. National tensions arose within the population. When the autonomy demanded by the Germans was also not granted and armed conflict threatened, Hitler's Germany used this to get the Western powers to approve the cession of the German-speaking peripheral areas to Germany. This was regulated in the Munich Agreement . Thus, from October 1, 1938 to 1945, Schattau became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau .
After the end of the Second World War on May 8, 1945, the community came back to Czechoslovakia . German Schattauer fled from post-war excesses that killed ten of them across the nearby border into Austria. According to the Potsdam Communiqué, 58 remaining German South Moravians were forcibly resettled via Znojmo to West Germany between July 9 and September 18, 1946, and their property was confiscated. In accordance with the original transfer modalities of the Potsdam Communique, all Sudeten Germans had to be transferred from Austria to Germany.
Since June 22, 2007 the place has the status of a minor city.
Coat of arms and seal
The 1497 privileges allowed the community to seal with green wax . The seal shows a Renaissance shield, the side tips of which extend into the inscription, which is only attached to the side and above the shield. The shield depicts a pinnacle tower with a small shield above the open gate with a portcullis. It contains two obliquely crossed, mutilated branches: the symbol of the Lords of Lichtenburg. This seal has existed since 1569.
A special feature was in the 17th / 18th Century that part of Schattau was under the monastery of Bruck. This had its own seal for its six subjects in Schattau. It was a hexagonal court seal in which three two-petalled flowers grow out of a meadow under the capital letter “G”.
The coat of arms of the place showed: In the silver shield a red tin tower with an open gate, golden gate wings and golden portcullis. Above the gate there is a little golden sign, inside the symbol of the Lords of Lichtenburg, two diagonally crossed, mutilated black branches.
Population development
| census | Total population | Ethnicity of the inhabitants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | German | Czechs | Other | |
| 1880 | 1700 | 1681 | 18th | 1 |
| 1890 | 1963 | 1963 | 0 | 0 |
| 1900 | 2494 | 2316 | 168 | 10 |
| 1910 | 2323 | 2228 | 76 | 19th |
| 1921 | 2079 | 1248 | 691 | 140 |
| 1930 | 2065 | 1300 | 658 | 107 |
Personalities
- Hellmut Diwald (1924–1993) historian and professor for medieval and modern history. South Moravian Culture Prize Winner.
- Karl Hummel (1801–1879) full professor of physics and mathematics at the University of Graz
- Ambros Ritter von Mras (1844–1902) Austro-Hungarian Field Marshal Lieutenant
- Alfred Hellepart (1926–1967) mountaineer
Attractions
- Parish Church of St. Martin, first to St. Dedicated to Aegidius, rebuilt after the fire of 1656, altarpiece by Josef Winterhalter (1784). The main altar was built by Mathias Neubauer in 1896.
- Rectory (17th century)
- Wayside shrines (Joh. Von Nepomuk 1737, Vesper picture 17th century)
- St. John of Nepomuk (2nd quarter of 18th century)
- Trinity Column
- War memorial (1922)
- Town hall, reconstruction in 1900
- Wine cellar
- Site of the Czechoslovak Wall (Areál československého opevnění Šatov), branch of the Technical Museum in Brno
Say from the place
- The Thajer family's wine cellar
- A refused request
literature
- Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Schattau page 421
- Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
- Wenzel Max (Ed.): Thayaland. Folk songs and dances from South Moravia. 2nd Edition. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1984.
- Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Schattau page 34, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
- Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992), Schattau page 212f, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
- Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 301 (Schattau).
- Ludwig Wieder: Market Schattau 1924 (1924)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
- ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
- ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
- ^ University of Giessen (Ed.): Sudetendeutschesverzeichnis Vol. 1, 1988, Oldenbourg Verlag, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
- ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
- ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume II, p. 65
- ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia , 1837 p.300
- ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 19, 2011.
- ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
- ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 260
- ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
- ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010, Book of the Dead p. 378
- ↑ Soucek: History 6 Schauttau 1899, S. 32
- ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
- ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana, 2000, self-published, p. 114