Olbramovice

This article deals with the minor town in Okres Znojmo. For further meanings, see Olbramovice (disambiguation) .

Olbramovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	1721 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 59 '  N , 16 ° 23'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 59 '24 "  N , 16 ° 23' 25"  E
Height:	200  m nm
Residents :	1,143 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 76
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Moravský Krumlov - Branišovice
structure
Status:	Městys
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Lubomír Čech (as of 2009)
Address:	Olbramovice 23 671 76 Olbramovice
Municipality number:	594563
Website :	www.obec-olbramovice.cz

Olbramovice (German Wolframitz ) is a minor town in South Moravia ( Czech Republic ). The place is located 20 km north of the Austrian border in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district ). The place is laid out as a square village.

geography

The village is located at the southeastern foot of the Leskoun ( Miskogel , 371 m) and the main thoroughfare runs in an east-west direction. A quarry was built on the Miskogel after the First World War; the mountain originally had a height of 387 m.

Neighboring towns are Vedrovice in the north, Kubšice ( Gubschitz ) in the northeast, Lidměřice ( Lidmeritz ) in the southeast, Želovice ( Klein Seelowitz ) in the south, Pemdorf in the southwest, Bohutice in the west and Lesonice in the northwest.

history

Although the area of ​​Wolframitz was inhabited since the Bronze Age, today's place was founded by a Wolfram in the 13th century. The “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian), which was spoken until 1945, with its special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by German tribes, especially in the 12/13. Century took place. Due to special twists and turns, this dialect differs from the Middle Bavarian, which is spoken in the east of South Moravia. Since these twosomes are used in the northern Bavarian dialect, the first settlers are likely to come from the Upper Palatinate region. The first documentary mention was on September 24th, 1436, when Margrave Albrecht of Austria declared the place a market. He allowed the place to hold two annual markets.

The Anabaptists settled in the village around 1590 and the pastor in the village was evangelical as early as 1555. In 1596 Wolframitz received vineyard rights and other market privileges from Rudolf II , including the wine bar right. It was not until the Thirty Years' War in 1627 that the Wolframitzer returned to the Catholic faith and the Anabaptists were expelled from the country. Most of them emigrated to Transylvania. From 1651 the place belonged to the Liechtenstein family and thus to the Kromau rule. After the school reforms of Empress Maria Theresa, a school was established in the town hall. This was also intended for the children of the Klein Seelowitz, Lidmeritz, Babitz and Gubschitz parish.

The development of the place increased rapidly with the construction of the railway in 1839 and the associated train station in Wolframitz. In 1866 cholera raged in the village, which was brought in by Prussian soldiers during the Austro-Prussian War . In order to cope with the greater volume of traffic, a paved district road from Wolframitz via Lidmeritz-Schömitz to Lodenitz was built in the years 1880–1890. In 1885, the Wolframitz volunteer fire brigade was founded in the village . Most of the Wolframitzer lived from livestock and agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries in South Moravia, being of particular importance. Due to the favorable climate, sugar beets, potatoes, corn, cabbage, cucumbers, salads, leeks, radishes, spinach, melons, pears, apples, plums, cherries, peaches and apricots were grown as well as various types of grain. The hunt was also profitable, with up to 1,400 hares shot annually. The initially important viticulture was almost completely destroyed by the phylloxera plague around 1864. In addition to the usual small business, there was a mill and two bus companies.

After the First World War , which claimed 20 victims among the Wolframitzers, the multi-ethnic state of Austria-Hungary fell apart . The Treaty of Saint-Germain , 1919, declared the place, whose population in 1910 was 98% German South Moravians , part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In 1930 the village road was expanded. In the interwar period , new civil servants were appointed to an increased influx of people of Czech nationality. These, as well as other measures such as the land reform and the Language Act (1920) and the Language Ordinance (1926), led to tensions within the country. According to the Munich Agreement , which regulated the cession of the Sudeten German territories to Germany, Wolframitz belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau between 1938 and 1945 .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 47 victims, the community came back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. Seven Wolframitzer were killed in post-war excesses by militant Czechs. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš decree 115/46 (Law on Exemption from Criminal Justice ) declared actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices ... 'not illegal . Many German citizens from Wolframitz fled over the nearby border to Austria or were driven across . When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Up to 51 persons all local residents between 30 March and 18 September 1946 forced resettled . All private and public assets of the Germans were confiscated by the Beneš Decree 108 , the assets of the Protestant Church were liquidated by the Beneš Decree 131 and the Catholic Church was expropriated in the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

The Wolframitzer located in Austria were deported to Germany in accordance with the "transfer" targets mentioned in the Potsdam communiqués, up to approx. 26 people. Seven people emigrated to Canada and one to Africa. The place was repopulated again.

The registers have been kept in the village since 1680. Online search via the Brno State Archives.

1947 Želovice ( Klein Seelowitz ), Lidměřice ( Lidmeritz ) and Babice ( Babitz ) were incorporated. In 1998 displaced persons donated for the renovation of the parish church and the rectory in Olbramovice as well as for the rescue of the local mountain Leskoun and the preservation of the nature reserve there from exploitation as a quarry. Since October 23, 2007 Olbramovice is again a Městys.

Community structure

No districts are shown for Městys Olbramovice. Olbramovice includes the localities Želovice ( Klein Seelowitz ), Lidměřice ( Lidmeritz ) and Babice ( Babitz ).

Coat of arms and seal

The place received a seal in the 15th century , but the first impression of the seal was made in 1557. The seal shows, within a legend, a winegrower towering from vine leaves in typical 15th century costume. He is holding up in his raised hands on the right a leafy grape and on the left a vine knife. This seal was used unchanged until the 19th century. The place was later given an image-free stamp.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	545	507	32	6th
1890	547	518	26th	3
1900	539	509	30th	0
1910	488	478	10	0
1921	491	426	44	21st
1930	509	427	70	12

Attractions

• Parish Church of St. Jacob the Elder (1300) high altar by Andreas Schweigel 1781, renovated in 1860.
• Town hall (2nd half of the 16th century). Two renaissance gates
• Statue of Our Lady (17th century)
• Statue of Johann von Nepomuk (1st half of the 18th century)
• Cemetery (1645)
• Rectory, destroyed in 1668, burned down in 1758 and rebuilt.
• "Köpftermarter" (1472), at the place of execution, used for the last time in 1729 for beheading.

regional customs

Customs , fairy tales and legends enriched life:

• For the feast of Corpus Christi, the entire village and the interior of the church were decorated with flowers and a procession was held.
• The three annual markets took place on the Wednesday before Palm Sunday, on September 29 and on the 2nd Wednesday before Christmas.
• The May music was on May 1st, there was also a Jakobi-Kirtag on July 25th and an Kaiserkirtag on October 20th.

Sons and daughters of the place

• Andreas Schweigel (1735–1812 Brno) sculptor
• Erhard Raus (1889–1956) Colonel General

Literature and Sources

• Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, 1941, Wolframitz p. 497.
• Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, (1941), Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Wolframitz p. 48
• Pernicka / Podborsky: Bronze Age finds from Wolframitz and Roman Age settlement near Wolframitz (1959)
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
• Hans Zuckriegl: In the Thayana Fairy Tale Land, (2000)
• Working Committee of the South Moravians (Ed.): South Moravian Legends . Geislingen, Steige
• Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . Munich, Verl. Heimatwerk, (1969)
• Oswald Lustig: The market community Wolframitz with the communities Babitz, Gubschitz, Kl.Seelowitz, Lidmeritz (1982)
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X . Wolframitz p. 254f
• Oswald Lustig: Old documents of the parish district of Wolframitz, 1462-1934 (2001)
• Felix Ermacora : The Sudeten German questions , legal opinion, publisher: Langen Müller, 1992, ISBN 3-7844-2412-0

Web links

Commons : Olbramovice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia, 1989, p. 10
3. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
4. ↑ Bernd Längin: Die Hutterer , 1986, p. 237
5. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume III, p. 202
6. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 261
7. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amaltea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
8. ^ Elisabeth Wiskemann : Czechs and Germans ; London, 1938; P. 152
9. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
10. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: Der Kreis Znaim from A to Z , 2009, Wolframitz p. 261, 573.
11. ^ ^{A b} Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 261 f . (Wolframitz).
12. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
13. ↑ Milan Churaň: Potsdam and Czechoslovakia. 2007, ISBN 978-3-9810491-7-6 .
14. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
15. ↑ Emilia Hrabovec: Expulsion and Deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
16. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 14, 2011.
17. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
18. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Wolframitz p.39