Lančov

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Lančov
Lančov coat of arms
Lančov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 1511 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 55 '  N , 15 ° 46'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 55 '0 "  N , 15 ° 46' 15"  E
Height: 427  m nm
Residents : 220 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 06
License plate : B.
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Jan Pikner (as of 2006)
Address: Lančov 1
671 06 Šafov
Municipality number: 594326
Website : www.obeclancov.cz

Lančov (German: Landschau ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo District), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region) in the Czech Republic .

geography

The place is located 30 kilometers west of Znojmo and five kilometers west-northwest of Vranov nad Dyji. Neighborhoods are Vranov nad Dyjí , Bítov , Vysočany , Jazovice and Podmyče . The village itself is laid out as a longitudinal tangle village.

history

The layout of the place and the Ui dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken up to the fateful year 1945 with their special passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. In the first documentary mention in 1323, Landschau was named as the property of the Frain Lordship, which in turn is owned by the rulers. The place remained under the rule of Frain until 1848. During the Hussite Wars, the place was plundered and heavily devastated. From 1535 it is mentioned that the place was rebuilt at its current location. In 1552 the Frainer domination and with it also Landschau was sold to the Moravian burgrave Wolf Kraiger von Kraigk . In the course of the centuries the spelling of the place changed several times, for example in 1516 "Lanczow", 1580 "Landszau" and 1672 "Landschaw".

A schoolmaster is mentioned as early as 1745. His payment consists mainly of natural produce. In 1777 the first real schoolhouse was built, followed by a new one in 1868.

When the first church was built is unknown. It is consecrated to Saint Mary Magdalene . One parish was detectable until the Thirty Years' War, during the war the parish was destroyed. Lančov was raised to parish again on June 18, 1850. A fire in 1840 destroyed part of the place.

The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1907. In 1910, heavy hail destroyed the local harvest. In 1932 the syringe house received a 12 meter high hose tower and in 1934 the first motorized syringe was purchased. In 1910 a Raiffeisenkasse is founded, which is housed in the school building. A milk cooperative existed between 1910 and 1914. The gymnastics club was founded in the 1920s and the men's choir, which existed until 1938, followed in the 1930s. There was also a music band. In 1929 the war memorial for those who died in the First World War was consecrated.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. Landschau, whose inhabitants were German South Moravians in 1910, also fell to the new state. According to the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 .

During the Second World War the place suffered 36 victims. After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Landschau, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . With the exception of 16 people, all German local residents were expelled by non-resident Czechs across the border to Felling in Lower Austria on June 27, 1945 , and the last 16 people were forcibly relocated to West Germany in August 1946 . Due to the Beneš decree 108 of October 25, 1945, the property of the German residents was confiscated and placed under state administration. The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets.

Of the displaced people, 22 families were able to stay in Austria, the rest of the country showers were transferred to Germany. One family emigrated to Sweden.

Registries have been kept since 1658. Online search via the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

The village seal shows a heart with seven blossoms protruding from it and a legend. There is evidence that the seal was used after the Thirty Years' War.

year Residents German Czechs
1790 312 k. A. k. A.
1834 350 k. A. k. A.
1855 380 k. A. k. A.
1880 427 417 10
1890 442 437 5
1900 429 420 9
1910 432 431 1
1921 454 418 36
1930 441 413 28
1939 761 761 no
1945 480 480 no
1961 327 no 327
1974 297 no 297
1992 257 no 257

Parish Church of St. Mary Magdalene in Lančov

Attractions

  • Parish Church of St. Maria Magdalena (1695/97) altarpiece by Josef Doré, renovated in 1938
  • Mission Cross (1914)
  • Statues of St. Florian and Wendelin (1825)
  • St. Joseph
  • Holy Trinity (1709)
  • War memorial (1929)

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

Say from the place

  • Once an old man went to Jasowitz from the countryside at night. Outside the village, lights suddenly appeared in the "Dorfwiesn". He walked up to it and suddenly lost his bearings and wandered through the night. When it dawned, he was surprisingly back in front of the country show.
  • The village of Landschau is located in a hollow that is enclosed in the west by the "Jasowitzer Höhe", in the east by the "Mühlhübel", in the north by the "Vöttauer Höhe" and in the south by the "Pomitscher Höhe". If the hiker climbs up to these elevations, he can "look into the country", hence the place name Landschau.
  • After the Thirty Years War, Landschau was largely extinct. That's why some mercenaries stayed in town. This is probably the reason why there are so many "Gschekate and Rodhaarige" (= freckled and redheaded) people in the village.

Sons and daughters of the church

literature

  • Gustav Gregor: History of the Landschau community (1957)
  • Wenzel Max (Ed.): Thayaland. Folk songs and dances from South Moravia. 2nd Edition. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1984.
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Landschau page 15
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities (1992), Landschau, page 119f
  • Alfred Schickel : The expulsion of the Germans . History, background, reviews. 2nd Edition. MUT, Asendorf 1987, ISBN 978-3-89182-014-8
  • Alfred Schickel : History of South Moravia . Volume 2. 1918-1946. Publishing house of the South Moravian Landscape Council Geislingen / Steige, 1996, ISBN 3-927498-18-1 .
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 316 (Landschau).

Web links

Commons : Lančov  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  3. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z, 2009
  4. ^ Gregor: History of the Landschau community p. 179
  5. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  6. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  7. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010.
  8. ↑ Ludislava Šuláková, translated by Wilhelm Jun: The problem of the deportation of Germans in the files of the Municipal People's Committee (MNV) and the District People's Committee (ONV) Nikolsburg: Südmährisches Jahrbuch 2001 p. 45f, ISSN  0562-5262
  9. ↑ Brunnhilde Scheuringer: 30 years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and displaced persons in Austria, publisher: Braumüller, 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9
  10. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 316 (Landschau).
  11. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  12. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume VII. P. 818
  13. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  14. ^ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Landschau p. 297
  15. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Landschau p. 51
  16. ↑ South Moravian Yearbook, 1978, p. 169
  17. ^ South Moravian Yearbook, 1989, p. 135
  18. ↑ South Moravian Yearbook 1985, p. 130