Hostěradice
| Hostěradice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Znojmo | ||||
| Area : | 2746 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 57 ' N , 16 ° 16' E | ||||
| Height: | 212 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,541 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 671 71 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Moravský Krumlov - Znojmo | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 3 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Martin Vančura (as of 2020) | ||||
| Address: | Hostěradice 57 671 71 Hostěradice |
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| Municipality number: | 594113 | ||||
| Website : | www.hosteradice.cz | ||||
Hostěradice (German Hosterlitz ) is a municipality in Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia region) in the Czech Republic . Hostěradice is located about 18 km northeast of the city of Znojmo (Znaim).
geography
Hostěradice is located on Míšovický potok at the foot of the Miroslavská hrásť ( Misslitzer Horst ) in the Boskovice furrow ( Boskovická brázda ). To the northeast, the Pustina (340 mnm) and the Kozí vrch (328 mnm) rise. The state road II / 413 between Moravský Krumlov and Znojmo crosses with the II / 400 between Damnice and Zvěrkovice , and the II / 397 branches off to Jaroslavice . The place is laid out as a longitudinal triangle .
The neighboring villages are Míšovice (Nispitz) in the north, Pemdorf , Miroslav ( Misslitz ) and Václavov in the east, Kašenec in the south-east, Mackovice and Oleksovice in the south, Vítonice in the south-west, Chlupice in the west and Skalice in the north-west.
history
The layout of the place and the "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they did around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The first written mention of the place was in 1197 in the deed of donation to the monastery of Bruck. A part of the place came under the rule of the Teutonic Knight Order through King Wenceslas I , who established a Kommende ( settlement ) in the place. The order also began to fortify the place. In 1308 the village was declared a market. The market rights and new privileges were renewed in 1371. In 1319 Heinrich von Leipa exchanged the Hostraditz and Mispitz goods with King Johann for Zittau and the castles of Oybin , Ronow and Schönbuch . Before that, the Teutonic Order lost its commander because it had come into disrepute. This document is written by “Hostradicz”. The place has been known under its current spelling since 1633. In the middle of the 14th century the estate was united with the Kromau rulership . In 1425 the place was destroyed by the Hussites , but rebuilt. Hosterlitz became Lutheran during the Reformation .
After the victory of the imperial troops in the Battle of White Mountain , during the Thirty Years' War , all rebellious nobles were expropriated. Hosterlitz came under the rule of the Liechtenstein family in 1625, who administered the place until 1912. As a result, Hosterlitz became Catholic again due to the Counter Reformation . The place resulted in 1677 from the year parish registers .
During the Fifth Coalition War in 1809 French troops camped in the village. These stayed for three months and withdrew on October 12th. During the German-Austrian War in 1866, cholera was brought into Hosterlitz by Prussian soldiers. In 1918 123 houses, town hall, school, hospital and rectory burned down.
After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The Peace Treaty of Saint Germain , 1919, declared the place part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In 1910 the place was 99.7% inhabited by German South Moravians . In the interwar period , new settlers and newly appointed civil servants increased the influx of people of Czech nationality. The place was electrified in 1926. During the Sudeten crisis , the men from Hosterlitz had to dig trenches for the Czech military. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place belonged to the district of Znaim in the " Reichsgau " Niederdonau until 1945 . After the “ Anschluss ”, some Czech families sold their houses and went to Bohemia. During the war, agriculture experienced a strong boost, especially due to the now free sales route to Vienna. In May 1945 parts of the armed forces blew up all the town's bridges.
In the Second World War , the place had 94 victims to mourn. After the end of the war (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Hosterlitz, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . The place was taken over by Czech "partisans" (the name for the foreign militant Czechs). Rioting among the German population on May 25 resulted in two civilian deaths. Many residents fled from these excesses across the border to Austria, or were driven across wildly . With the exception of 91 local residents, the Hosterlitzers were officially evacuated in several transports to Germany in 1946 . Due to the Beneš decrees, the property of the German population was confiscated .
Of the expelled Hosterlitzers, 53 remained in Austria, another 1,085 in the Federal Republic of Germany (Bavaria, Hesse and Baden-Württemberg) and 16 in other European countries. Three people emigrated to Canada, two to the United States and six to Argentina. In 1961 Chlupice and Míšovice were incorporated.
economy
Until 1945 the place owned:
a mill, three brickworks, a ballast and concrete goods factory, a dairy (10,000 l daily), a steam laundry with bathroom, three inns, eight groceries, two bakers, two butchers, two wagons, a binder, three Carpenter, three blacksmiths, two locksmiths, two tailors and three shoemakers.
Community structure
The municipality of Hostěradice consists of the districts Chlupice ( Chlupitz ), Hostěradice ( Hosterlitz ) and Míšovice ( Nispitz ). Basic settlement units are Chlupuce, Chlupice-u Hostěradic, Hostěradice and Míšovice.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Chlupice, Hostěradice na Moravě and Míšovice.
Coat of arms and seal
The oldest known seal of the place came from the year 1248, but it was the seal of the branch of the Teutonic Order. The oldest community seal is likely to have been introduced shortly after the market survey. It showed a Gothic pointed shield with an eagle in it. A similar seal from 1600 shows a baroque shield instead of the Gothic shield, which is surrounded by arabesques on the sides and three flower stems on top.
After 1625 a crown was depicted on the baroque shield, which was supposed to symbolize the rule of the Liechtenstein family over Hosterlitz. In the 19th and 20th In the 19th century, the place had an image-free community temple.
Population development
| census | Total population | Ethnicity of the inhabitants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | German | Czechs | Other | |
| 1880 | 1171 | 1162 | 9 | 0 |
| 1890 | 1301 | 1298 | 3 | 0 |
| 1900 | 1309 | 1288 | 21st | 0 |
| 1910 | 1291 | 1287 | 3 | 1 |
| 1921 | 1258 | 1142 | 69 | 47 |
| 1930 | 1284 | 1169 | 94 | 21st |
Attractions
- Parish Church of St. Kunigunde (13th century), high altar around 1780
- Karner (13th century)
- Town Hall (1514)
- Immakulata column with statues of St. Joseph, Joachim, Urban and Sebastian (1728)
- Chapel with the Scourged Savior on the cemetery wall
- Chapel "To the Three Brünndeln"
- War memorial
- a late Gothic Renaissance house with a round core
- Inn with coat of arms-crowned Renaissance windows from the 16th century
- Town hall (1514/15) with portico
regional customs
Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:
- On the feast of the discovery of the cross (May 3rd) there is an annual procession to the so-called stone cross, followed by prayer.
- A pilgrimage leads to Lechwitz (June 13th), to St. Antony.
- At Pentecost a three-day pilgrimage to Maria Dreieichen .
- The annual markets were held on Tuesdays before Carnival, before Ascension, before Assumption, after September 12th and before November 25th.
literature
- Georg Dehio , Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, 1941, Hosterlitz p. 263.
- Johann Zabel: Church guide for South Moravia . Vicariate General Nikolsburg, 1941, Hosterlitz p. 58
- Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities . Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , Hosterlitz, pp. 95f.
- Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects. Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words , 620 pages self-published. 1999.
- Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia . Geislingen / Steige 1984
- Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , Hosterlitz pp. 271, 272, 406.
- Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945-1947 . Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
- Mikulov archive: Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna 1946
- Annerl Fritz: The market town of Hosterlitz. 2006
Web links
- - Formerly German-speaking South Moravian community
- - Website of the municipality
- Cultural database of displaced persons
Individual evidence
- ↑ Obec Hostěradice: Podrobné informace , uir.cz
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia . 1989, p. 9
- ^ Johann Friedrich Böhmer: Regesta Imperii ... The documents ... which for the history of Germany ... Google books
- ↑ Josef Hemmerle : The Deutschordens-Ballei Böhmen in their accounting books 1382-1411 . 1967, p. 29
- ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae , Volume IS 326
- ^ Acta Publica . Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 14, 2011.
- ^ Karl von Zech, Friedrich von Porbeck, Rudolf von Freydorf: History of the Baden troops in 1809 in the campaign of the French main army against Austria . 1909, p. 222
- ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 . Amalthea Verlag, Vienna / Munich 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
- ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 273.
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/594113/Obec-Hosteradice
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/594113/Obec-Hosteradice
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/594113/Obec-Hosteradice
- ↑ Widimsky: City coat of arms of the Austrian imperial state, volume Kingdom of Bohemia . 1864, p. 88
- ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960 , sv. 9th 1984
- ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia . 1990, Hosterlitz p. 13
- ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: District Znojmo from A-Z . 2009