Podhradí nad Dyjí

Podhradí nad Dyjí
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	618 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 54 '  N , 15 ° 41'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 53 '53 "  N , 15 ° 40' 30"  E
Height:	368  m nm
Residents :	55 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 06
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Oldřich Tesárek (as of 2011)
Address:	Podhradí nad Dyjí 48 671 06 Šafov
Municipality number:	594636
Website :	www.podhradinaddyji.cz

Podhradí nad Dyjí , until 1949 Frejštejn , (German Freistein ) is a municipality in the Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district ) in the Czech Republic . It is located in South Moravia between Drosendorf and Bítov ( Vöttau ) at the confluence of the Křeslický potok ( Großeringbach ) in the Thaya , near the border with Austria .

Other neighboring villages are Uherčice in the northwest, Stálky ( Stallek ) in the south and Starý Petřín ( Altpetrein ) in the southeast. The village itself is laid out as a street group village.

history

View of the ruins of Freistein

The first news about the castle "Vreynsteyne" on the Thaya comes from the year 1250, which was owned by the brothers Gaitmar and Hartleb von Freistein. In 1331 the castle came into the possession of Konrad von Vöttau and at this time the town of Freistein was mentioned for the first time, whose ownership Vladislav II confirmed to Leopold Kraiger von Kraigk on Ungarschitz . When Matthias Corvinus' troops marched into Moravia, Freistein Castle was destroyed in 1480. The layout of the place indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The castle villages included Großering, Šatic and Stogečic, all of which later fell into desolation.

Before 1563, Freistein, which was owned by the Kraiger von Kraigk family until the end of the 16th century, was granted market rights. This was confirmed by Emperor Maximilian II in 1571 . In the 17th century, the Strein von Schwarzenau followed as the owner and Jacob Berchtold, the lord of the barons on Ungarschitz . Since 1672 the village has been known as a free stone.

In the 18th century free stone was Emanuel Prince of Collalto and San Salvatore part of Fideikommiss Ungarschitz. In 1787 a mill was built in the village. In 1832 a large fire almost completely destroyed the market town, only one mill and four houses survived the fire undamaged. In 1900 the part of Bachörtel is given as a separate village with 114 inhabitants. Until 1914, the region was popular as a summer retreat in Znojmo, Jihlava, Brno and Vienna. In the village itself there were 2 sawmills that produced wood wool due to the large amount of forest. Nevertheless, the majority of the town's residents worked in agriculture. Until the fateful year 1945, the residents spoke the “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with their special Bavarian passwords .

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The Treaty of Saint-Germain , 1919, declared the place, which in 1910 was 99% inhabited by German South Moravians , to be part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . According to the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 .

After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including the town of Freistein, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Up to 9 people, the German inhabitants fled before the onset of post-war excesses by self-styled Revolutionary Guard or were crossing the border into Austria sold . There were two deaths from displacement. The Beneš decree 115/1946 protected against a legal review of the events. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". The remaining nine German citizens were forcibly resettled to West Germany between August 11 and September 18, 1946. The place was repopulated. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

The registers have been kept by Stallek since 1822 and are now in the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

There are reports that a seal existed before the 15th century, but the oldest depiction of a seal comes from the year 1732. It shows a pyramid-like distortion of the castle rock with the inscription "MARCKHTL FREIESTEIN 1732". In the 19th century, the place changed its seal and used a five-pointed star amid a laurel wreath.

In the 16th century, a coat of arms was mentioned just like a seal. It shows a red or ruby-colored shield with a castle with two towers and battlements in wall colors.

Population numbers

year	population	German	Czechs
1793	260	k. A.	k. A.
1836	361	k. A.	k. A.
1880	416	415	1
1900	423	422	1
1910	449	444	5
1921	392	315	43
1939	361	312	29
1961	199	-	199

Attractions

War memorial at the cemetery

• Frejštejn castle ruins (1250), strong shield wall, drawbridge with 2 rectangular towers
• Holy Trinity Column (1st half of the 18th century)
• Memorial to the fallen of the First World War
• Chapel of St. Johann and Paul (1721), west tower from 1884

Say from the place

There were a multitude of myths among German local residents:

• Whenever someone walked along the Thaya on the way near the Loibingmühle at night, it rained stones and a couple of beatings rushed at him. The villagers then brought a monk from the monastery to help them dispel this ghost. However, he was so scared that he suddenly had an attack of gout. The local residents then carried him on a stretcher to the path. When they got there that night, they saw a light next to the path and the monk began to pray. Suddenly they heard a deep voice that shouted: “Have you got there? Sa stech ma same a! ”Then everyone was afraid and ran away with the monk. In the end it turned out that three robbers had pitched their camp next to the road and after this incident quickly fled.
• Another legend tells of the "green mandl". At the Weihgraben a green almond comes out of the grotto by moonlight. It then goes to a source and dives into it. Soon afterwards it comes out of the water with two elves and begins to make music with them. Figures then emerge from the fog and begin to dance.

Other legends are:

• The knight Hein from Freistein
• The unsuccessful invasion of Sweden
• Free stone lads went witches to see
• A witch burning in Freistein
• The spirits from Famersbach
• The night concert in the Weihgraben
• The sad end of the robber baron Golz
• An honest devil
• The hermit of the Loibinger cave
• The greedy lard miller and the downfall of his mill
• The charitable treasurer
• Hansjörgl, the smart but outwitted good-for-nothing
• Curiosity punished with death
• The castle of miracles in the "Liacht'n Graben"

literature

• Free stone sagas and stories , part 1 and 2
• Wenzel Max (Ed.): Thayaland. Folk songs and dances from South Moravia. 2nd Edition. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1984.
• Jiří Kacetl, Petr Lazárek, David Molík: Hrady a zámky moravsko-rakouského Podyjí slovem / Castles of the Austro-Moravian Thaya Valley in words. South Moravian Museum in Znojmo in cooperation with the Retz City Museum, Znojmo 2013, ISBN 978-80-86974-12-5 , pp. 53–57 ( PDF on muzeumznojmo.cz; German and Czech).

source

• Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, 1941, Freistein p. 207.
• Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Freistein bei Stallek, p. 55
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , Freistein p. 9f
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X , Freistein p. 63

Web links

• Website on vranov region (czech)
• http://www.europas-mitte.de/Freistein.pdf (PDF; 165 kB)
• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ↑ Předpis č. 3/1950 Sb.
3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
4. ↑ Franz Karl Wissgrill, Karl von Odelga: scene of the land-based Lower Austrian nobility from the lordship and knighthood from the XIth century to the present day . Volume 1, Franz Seizer, Vienna 1794, p. 337 ff., Digitized in the Google book search
5. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim district from A to Z. , 2009
6. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: Settlement forms, rural building and material culture in South Moravia, 1989, p. 9
7. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
8. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
9. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ, 2009, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, Book of the Dead p. 378.
10. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
11. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae Bl. VI p. 414
12. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
13. ↑ South Moravian Yearbook, 1978, p. 163f
14. ↑ Freisteiner sagas and stories, booklet I, p. 14f
15. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana, 2000, self-published, p. 64f