Borotice nad Jevišovkou

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Borotice
Borotice coat of arms
Borotice nad Jevišovkou (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 1206 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 51 '  N , 16 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 51 '26 "  N , 16 ° 14' 33"  E
Height: 197  m nm
Residents : 429 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 65
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Božice - Lechovice
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Zdeněk Bobok (as of 2020)
Address: Borotice 71
671 78 Jiřice u Miroslavi
Municipality number: 593800
Website : www.borotice.cz
Municipal office in Borotice

Borotice (German Borotitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located twelve kilometers west of Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou and belongs to the Okres Znojmo .

geography

Borotice is located on the right bank of the Jevišovka in the Thaya-Schwarza Depression and forms a closed settlement area with Filipovice.

Neighboring towns are Čejkovice and Břežany in the northeast, Pravice in the east, Mlýnské Domky and České Křídlovice in the southeast, Sídliště and Valtrovice in the south, Krhovice and Hodonice in the southwest and Práče and Lechovice in the northwest. The place is laid out as a square village.

history

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The layout of the village and the ui dialect , which was spoken until 1945, show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The first written mention of the place took place in 1225 as "Boroticz". The spelling of the place known today has existed since 1283. Initially, the place was written with the addition "Mährisch-", but this soon disappeared because the place of the same name "Deutsch-Borotitz" became deserted in 1525.

From the 14th century, the village belonged partly to the Bruck Monastery . The monastery received most of the town in 1362 from Benedict von Borotitz in exchange for annual spiritual masses. In 1519 Borotitz and Grillowitz were exchanged for Rausenbruck. The new owner, Sebastian von Weitmühl , united Borotitz with the Lordship of Grusbach.

In 1605 troops from Transylvania invaded Moravia under Prince Bocskaj and plundered Borotitz in May. During the Thirty Years' War that followed , the village was completely deserted by looting and devastation. From 1660 Borotitz again belonged to the rulership of the Bruck Monastery. It was not until 1671 that the abbot of Bruck monastery brought new settlers to the place. Most of these came from the nearby town of Lechwitz. From 1785, when the Bruck monastery was dissolved, Philippsdorf belonged to Borotitz as a district. Underground rooms were discovered in Philippsdorf at the end of the 19th century. These are likely to have been used by the residents as hiding places for food and other belongings in times of need - the last time demonstrably during the revolutionary wars in 1805 and 1809.

Around 1900 an archaeological find from the Bronze Age was made in the Aunjetitz culture near Borotitz . These were cuffs made of smooth strips of sheet bronze . This find is known today under the name "Borotitzer Armmanschetten".

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . The Treaty of Saint-Germain , 1919, declared the place, which was exclusively inhabited by German South Moravians , to be part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , tensions arose between ethnic groups throughout the country. As armed conflict loomed, the Western powers induced the Czech government to cede the outlying areas inhabited by Sudeten Germans (later used umbrella term) to Germany. In the Munich Agreement , this was regulated. Borotitz thus became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau on October 1, 1938 .

In the Second World War , the place had 47 fallen or missing to mourn. After the end of the Second World War, Borotitz was reassigned to Czechoslovakia . Militant Czechs caused severe excesses against the German population, so that many fled across the nearby border to Austria. Between July 9 and September 18, 1946, 228 German South Moravians were forcibly resettled to West Germany. One family could stay in the place. The assets of the German residents were confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the assets of the Protestant church were liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . Of the local residents in Austria, around 50% were transferred to Germany in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Allies. The village was later repopulated.

The registers were kept at Grillowitz from 1663 and at Lechwitz from 1858.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 755 755 0 0
1890 726 725 1 0
1900 790 778 12 0
1910 833 833 0 0
1921 759 739 14th 6th
1930 741 719 15th 7th

Community structure

No districts are shown for the Borotice municipality. The settlement Filipovice ( Philippsdorf ) belongs to Borotice .

Attractions

  • Village chapel of St. Wenceslas (1865)
  • War memorial

literature

  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia , Borotitz p.38, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 .
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Borotitz s. 3, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 279 (Borotitz).

Web links

Commons : Borotice (Znojmo District)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Obec Borotice: Podrobné informace , uir.cz
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
  4. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3-406-45954-4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
  5. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  6. ^ University of Giessen (Ed.): Sudetendeutschesverzeichnis Vol. 1, 1988, Oldenbourg Verlag, ISBN 978-3-486-54822-8
  7. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  8. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate Moravia , 1836, p. 358
  9. ↑ a b Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
  10. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume II, p. 137, p. 161
  11. ^ Anthropological Society in Vienna: Communications of the Anthropological Society in Vienna, Volume 16 , 1886, p. 167
  12. ↑ Reclams Archeology Guide Austria and South Tyrol, Stuttgart, 1985 p. 155
  13. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amaltea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  14. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  15. ↑ Milan Churaň: Potsdam and Czechoslovakia , 2007. Published by the Working Group of Sudeten German Teachers and Educators EV ISBN 978-3-9810491-7-6
  16. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 279 f . (Borotitz).
  17. ↑ Online search via the Brno National Archives. Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives in Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  18. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.