Tasovice nad Dyjí

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Tasovice
Tasovice coat of arms
Tasovice nad Dyjí (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Znojmo
Area : 1591 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 50 '  N , 16 ° 9'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 50 '13 "  N , 16 ° 8' 52"  E
Height: 210  m nm
Residents : 1,366 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 25
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Josef Sabáček (as of 2007)
Address: Tasovice 67
671 25 Hodonice
Municipality number: 594920
Website : www.tasovice.cz

Tasovice (German Taßwitz ) is a municipality in the Okres Znojmo in the Czech Republic . The place is located in South Moravia on the left bank of the Thaya , near the border with Lower Austria . The village was laid out as a triangular village.

history

Birthplace of Klemens Maria Hofbauer

The layout of the place and the Bavarian-Austrian Ui dialect with its special passwords , which was spoken until 1945, indicate that the settlers came from Austria and southern Germany. The first written mention of the place was on July 12th, 1234. The spelling of the place changed several times over the years. In 1238 "Tassowicz" was written, "Tosswicz" in 1363 and "Taßwitz" as early as 1672. From 1299 to the end of the 18th century, the place was divided between two lords. One part of the village belonged to the rule of the St. Clara Monastery in Znojmo and the other part to the Bruck Monastery . In 1578 Anabaptists settled in the village. These were expelled from South Moravia during the Thirty Years' War in 1622 and mostly moved on to Transylvania. From 1669 a schoolmaster is recorded in the place. Klemens Maria Hofbauer was born in Taßwitz on December 26, 1751. Because of his work he was canonized in 1909 and was the patron saint of South Moravia until 1945.

In 1801 a fire raged and destroyed almost the entire village. During the Fifth Coalition War , the French occupied the place in 1809. In the revolution of 1848/49 , Vinzenz Schnattinger from Taßwitz became a captain of the Student Legion in Vienna. Only after the general amnesty, after the end of the revolution, did he return to Taßwitz. During the German-Austrian War , Prussian soldiers occupied the place without causing any damage. A volunteer fire brigade was founded in Taßwitz as early as 1886. In 1888 there was a flood. A 120 m long Thaya bridge was completed in 1900.

After the First World War and the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919, the place, which was exclusively inhabited by German South Moravians , became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . The separation from the Vienna sales markets caused economic difficulties in Taßwitz in the interwar period . The community then organized the direct sale of pork and the opening of wine taverns. The place was electrified in 1928. A year later, a storm caused severe damage to the place. After the municipal council elections in 1936, the German mandates were not confirmed by the supervisory authority. The mayor cannot take office until a year later. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place came to the German Reich and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau . From 1939 to 1945, Taßwitz and the neighboring village of Hödnitz formed the community of Kirschfeld . In the last days of the war, the Thaya Bridge was blown up by the Wehrmacht.

After the end of the Second World War - which claimed 102 victims - the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . Many of the German South Moravians fled the onset of excesses by militant Czechs across the border to Austria or were driven across . There were six civilian deaths. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices, ... not illegal. The victorious powers of World War II took on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, to the wild and collectively concrete running expulsion of the German population not position. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Apart from six people, the last 23 German South Moravians were forcibly evacuated from their homeland between June and September 1946. All private and public property of the German residents was confiscated by the Beneš Decree 108 , and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made any restitution . The local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany to about 33 percent, in accordance with the original transfer targets of the Potsdam Declaration .

Registries have been kept since 1677. All birth, marriage and death registers up to 1949 are in the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

During the 17./18. Taßwitz had two seals at the same time . For the subjects of St. Clara Monastery in Znojmo there was a round seal showing a plow knife and a winemaker's knife in a split shield. The seal of the subjects of the Bruck monastery also showed the initial "W" in the lower area of ​​the shield.

After 1848 the vintner's knife in the seal became a pistol. The reasons for this are unknown. From 1920 the seal was bilingual.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 1215 1215 0 0
1890 1203 1198 5 0
1900 1281 1279 1 1
1910 1407 1406 0 1
1921 1498 1423 38 37
1930 1493 1465 16 12

Attractions

  • Parish church Mariae Himmelfahrt (1234) high altar painting by Matthias Adolf Charlemont, elevation of the church tower to 56 m (1900)
  • Rectory (1780)
  • Klemens Church: (1933) at the birthplace of St. Clement built, altar relief by Othmar Hillitzer
  • Monastery of the St. Hedwig Sisters in 1913, the Redemptorists bought the complex back in 1929, in 1930 they had part of the building torn down for the construction of the Memorial Church
  • Marterl on Naschetitzer Straße, fork to Sandfeldweg
  • War Memorial Chapel (1925)

Sons of the community

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

  • Traditionally, Kirtag was always on Assumption Day (August 15).
  • Folk plays and comedies were performed on New Year's Eve.

Literature and Sources

  • Gregor Wolny : The Anabaptists in Moravia, Vienna 1850
  • Josef Beck: The history books of the Anabaptists in Austria-Hungary, (1967)
  • Anton Moßbeck / Rudolf Schnattinger: Taßwitzer Heimatbuch (1975)
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and crafts in South Moravia , Taßwitz, s. 35, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Taßwitz, s. 224f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Hans Prock-Schauer: St. Klemenskirche Taßwitz (1999)
  • Emilia Hrabovec: eviction and deportation. Germans in Moravia 1945 - 1947 , Frankfurt am Main / Bern / New York / Vienna (= Vienna Eastern European Studies. Series of publications by the Austrian Institute for Eastern and South Eastern Europe), 1995 and 1996
  • Hans Prock-Schauer / Groz: Kostel sv. Klementa M. Hofbauera v Tasovicích (1999)
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 294 f . (Taßwitz).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  3. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  4. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989, Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  5. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
  6. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
  7. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, Taßwitz p. 294, 406, 427, 573. ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
  8. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010, Book of the Dead p. 378
  9. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  10. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 294 f . (Taßwitz).
  11. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz., Dt.). Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  12. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume I, p. 331
  13. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984