Našiměřice

Našiměřice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	603 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 58 '  N , 16 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 57 '43 "  N , 16 ° 21' 4"  E
Height:	236  m nm
Residents :	211 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 76
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Karel Smutný (as of 2009)
Address:	Našiměřice 83 671 76 Olbramovice
Municipality number:	594512
Website :	www.nasimerice.cz

Aegidius Church

Našiměřice (German Aschmeritz ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo District), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region) in the Czech Republic . The village was laid out as a street village.

geography

The neighboring towns are Suchohrdly u Miroslavi ( Socherl ) in the south, Vinohrádky and Branišovice ( Frainspitz ) in the east, Pemdorf in the south-west , and Olbramovice ( Wolframitz ) and Bohutice ( Bonitz ) in the north .

history

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The layout of the village and the ui dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The first documentary mention of the village was in 1236. In the document, the place "Nasmeriz" is written. 1252 reappears Aschmeritz under the name "Naschmiritz". The current spelling is not used until 1643. Viticulture has always been practiced in and around Aschmeritz. At the end of the 16th century, radical Reformation Anabaptists settled in the village. Soon after, Aschmeritz is considered Lutheran, so that a Protestant pastor can be documented up to 1619. Only after the victory of the imperial troops in the Battle of White Mountain and the subsequent Counter-Reformation did the place become Catholic again. The Anabaptist Hutterites were expelled in 1622 and most of them settled in Transylvania. From the Thirty Years War Aschmeritz belonged to the Kromau rule until the 19th century. During the war the church was robbed and the village itself was plundered several times. At the end of the war, in 1648, only eight farm positions were occupied. The reconstruction is progressing slowly, so that in 1657 only 40 people live in the village. During the Seven Years' War Prussian troops camped near Aschmeritz. Aschmeritz remains a parish in Wolframitz until 1823. Until then, a mass was only held in the village on every 3rd Sunday. The place resulted in 1631 from the year register books , originally they were out at Wolframitz. Online search via the Brno State Archives. In the years 1884 to 1888, part of the harvest was destroyed by hailstorms. In the 19th century, remains of the wall were found, which suggest that the village was fortified earlier. Most of the residents of Aschmeritz lived from livestock and agriculture. Due to the climate, beets, lentils, millet, pears, apricots, plums and cherries were grown in addition to various types of grain. The amount of wine grown never exceeded own needs. In addition to agriculture, there was the usual small business in the place.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German South Moravians living there . In the interwar period , unemployment, measures such as land reform and the language ordinance increased the German citizens' growing striving for autonomy and led to tensions within the town. When the autonomy demanded by the German-speaking residents of the Czechoslovak Republic was not negotiated, the disagreements between the ethnic groups in the country intensified. As armed conflict loomed, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede to Germany the peripheral areas inhabited by Sudeten Germans (generic classification after the proclamation of the CSSR, 1919), which was regulated in the Munich Agreement . Thus, on October 1, 1938, Aschmeritz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau .

The place is bombed one day before the end of the Second World War. When the Soviet troops marched in on May 8, 1945, rape and looting occurred. During the Second World War the place suffered 15 victims. After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Aschmeritz, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . One civilian death occurs in anti-German measures by the Czech Revolutionary Guard. The Beneš decree 115/1946 protected against a legal review of the event. Soon the houses of the German residents were taken over by so-called “Czech property managers” from Volhynia . In August 1945 the victorious powers of the Second World War determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The “wild” expulsions of the German population that began in the surrounding areas were not mentioned, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “German parts of the population” that “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. According to the Beneš decree 108, the entire property of the German residents as well as the public and church German property was confiscated and placed under state administration.

The Aschmeritzers located in Austria were, in accordance with the original transfer targets, with the exception of one family, all 371 local residents transferred to Germany.

Coat of arms and seal

It is not known whether Aschmeritz had a seal . One could only determine that around 1750 the 44 farm owners of the place had a seal. This showed a plant in a transliteration.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	445	442	13	0
1890	418	418	0	0
1900	470	456	14th	0
1910	482	482	0	0
1921	448	415	28	5
1930	457	372	85	0

Attractions

• Hall church St. Aegidius, renovated after a fire in 1893, a bell from 1370. Under the pulpit is the grave of Josef Kaspar Kranz, who died in 1656 and was the personal physician of the Polish King John II Casimir .

Personalities

• Felix Judex (1885–1973), local history researcher

regional customs

• Until the expulsion of the German residents, the custom of Easter riding was maintained. After the blessing of the cross and the horses, he started at the church and led back to the church via the local area.
• At Stefani, the servants do their accounts with the employer after dinner, at Three Kings they come back in. Some stay in place for years. Many houses fall into disrepute due to frequent changes.

literature

• Gregor Wolny : The Anabaptists in Moravia, Vienna 1850
• Felix Judex: Aschmeritz Memorial Sheets and Memories , Zeitlarn, 1964
• R. Piewetz: Local history of Aschmeritz
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and crafts in South Moravia , Aschmeritz, s. 2, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Aschmeritz, s. 28, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 262 f . (Aschmeritz).

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
6. ^ Gregor Wolny: The Margraviate of Moravia , 1837, p. 328
7. ↑ Bernd G. Längin : Die Hutterer , 1986, p.237
8. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm von Gaudi, Jürgen Ziechmann, Georg Ortenburg: Journal of the Seven Years 'War, Volume 5 Research and Studies on the Friderician Period Journal of the Seven Years' War , 2003, p. 61.
9. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 14, 2011.
10. ^ Anthropological Society in Vienna: Communications from the Anthropological Society in Vienna, Volume 80-82 , 2006, p. 171
11. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 259
12. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
13. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
14. ↑ ^{a b} Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
15. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The Znaim district from AZ. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2010, Book of the Dead p. 378
16. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
17. ↑ Ignaz Seidl-Hohenveldern : International Confiscation and Expropriation Law. Series: Contributions to foreign and international private law. Volume 23. Berlin and Tübingen 1952
18. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
19. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 262 f . (Aschmeritz).
20. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume IV, p. 149
21. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
22. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Aschmeritz p. 40